.\" $NetBSD: main,v 1.253.2.12 2005/03/22 00:52:07 jmc Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1999-2004 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD .\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its .\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived .\" from this software without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS .\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED .\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR .\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS .\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR .\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF .\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS .\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN .\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) .\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE .\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .ig The notes that describe the improvements over the last release aren't appropriate for a snapshot, so these are conditional on FOR_RELEASE. 0 == snapshot; 1 == release .. . .tm Processing INSTALL . .\" -------------------- CONFIGURATION -------------------- . .nr FOR_RELEASE 1 .nr DOC_XR 1 .ds MACHINE_LIST acorn26 acorn32 algor alpha amd64 amiga amigappc arc atari bebox .as MACHINE_LIST " cats cesfic cobalt dreamcast evbarm evbmips evbppc evbsh3 evbsh5 .as MACHINE_LIST " hp300 hp700 hpcarm hpcmips hpcsh hppa i386 ibmnws luna68k mac68k macppc .as MACHINE_LIST " mipsco mmeye mvme68k mvmeppc netwinder news68k newsmips .as MACHINE_LIST " next68k ofppc openblocks pc532 pdp10 playstation2 pmax pmppc prep sandpoint .as MACHINE_LIST " sbmips sgimips shark sparc sparc64 sun2 sun3 vax .as MACHINE_LIST " x68k xen . .so \*[.CURDIR]/../common/macros . .Dd August 22, 2004 .Dt INSTALL 8 .Os NetBSD .Sh NAME .Nm INSTALL .Nd Installation procedure for .Nx*M . .Sh CONTENTS .Tc .Sh DESCRIPTION . .Ss About this Document .Pp . This document describes the installation procedure for .Nx \*V on the .Em \*M platform. It is available in four different formats titled .Pa INSTALL. Ns Ar ext , where .Ar \&.ext is one of .Pa \&.ps , \&.html , \&.more , .No or Pa \&.txt : .(tag \&.morex -offset indent .It Pa \&.ps PostScript. .It Pa \&.html .No Standard Internet Tn HTML . .It Pa \&.more The enhanced text format used on .Ul systems by the .Xr more 1 and .Xr less 1 pager utility programs. This is the format in which the on-line .Em man pages are generally presented. .It Pa \&.txt Plain old .Tn ASCII . .tag) .Pp You are reading the .Em \*[format] version. . .if \n[i386]:\n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{ .Ss "Quick install notes for the impatient" .Pp This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to install .Nx \*V on a machine of the \*M architecture. .Bl -bullet .It Fetch the .if \n[i386] \{\ appropriate pair of boot floppy images from the .Pa i386/installation/floppy/ directory. Most people will need the .Pa boot1.fs and .Pa boot2.fs images, or possibly (but not necessarily) .Pa bootlap1.fs and .Pa bootlap2.fs if installing on a laptop. .\} .if \n[macppc] \{\ files necessary to boot your system. The files depend on what model you are using and how you plan to boot your machine. For systems with built-in floppy drives (Open Firmware 1 or 2), fetch the pair of boot floppy images .Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot1.fs and .Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot2.fs , which include the bootloader and installation kernel. For systems without floppy drives (most are Open Firmware 3), fetch the bootloader .Pa macppc/installation/ofwboot.xcf and the installation kernel .Pa macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz . If you have a CD-R, you can fetch the CD image, .Pa macppccd.iso . .\} .if \n[sparc] \{\ CD image, .Pa sparccd.iso or the floppy disk images, .Pa sparc/install/floppy/disk1.gz No and Pa sparc/install/floppy/disk2 . You need either the pair of floppies or the CD to boot your system. .\} .if \n[sparc64] \{\ CD image, .Pa sparc64cd.iso or the installation kernel and bootloader, .Pa sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz No and Pa sparc64/installation/misc/ofwboot which can be booted from a .Tn Solaris or .Nx partition. .\} .if \n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel. This process is covered below, in detail. .\} .It The actual binary distribution is in the .Pa \*M/binary/sets/ directory. When you boot the install .if \n[i386] floppies, .if \n[macppc] kernel from floppies, hard drive, or CD-ROM, .if \n[sparc] floppies or CD-ROM, .if \n[sparc64] CD-ROM or installation kernel, the installation program can fetch these files for you (using e.g. ftp), if you have a network connection. There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto your machine. .Pp You will at a minimum need .ie \n[i386] \{\ one of the kernel sets, typically .Pa kern-GENERIC.tgz , as well as .\} .el \{\ the following sets: .Pa kern-GENERIC.tgz , .\} .Pa base.tgz and .Pa etc.tgz . In a typical workstation installation you will probably want all the installation sets. .if \n[i386] \{ .It Write the floppy images directly to a pair of floppies. If you have problems writing a raw image to a floppy, the .Ic rawrite.exe MS-DOS program or the .Ic Rawrite32.exe Windows32 program (inside .Pa rawrite32.zip ) in the .Pa i386/installation/misc/ directory may be of help. .\} .if \n[macppc] \{ .It If your \*M has a floppy drive, create the pair of boot floppies using .Ic suntar (MacOS 9), .Ic rawrite (Windows), or .Ic dd (any .Ul system with floppy support). If your system has Open Firmware 3, drag .Pa ofwboot.xcf No and Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz to your hard drive icon (the top level of the drive, not the desktop). If you are using the CD image, burn it now. .\} .if \n[sparc] \{ .It Make sure your sparc's CD-ROM drive is bootable. Burn the CD. Otherwise, write the floppy images directly to a pair of floppies (after uncompressing disk1.gz). .\} .if \n[sparc64] \{ .It Burn the CD or put the installation kernel and bootloader at the root level of a bootable .Tn Solaris or .Nx partition. .\} .Pp The disk(s) you just prepared will be used to boot the installation kernel, which contains all the tools required to install .Nx . .if \n[macppc] \{\ .It Determine your machine's model, quirks, and Open Firmware version from the .Nx*M Model Support webpage. .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/macppc/models.html .Pp At present, .Nx*M cannot exist on the same hard drive as .Tn Mac OS unless you partition your disk before running the installer. Open Firmware versions prior to 3 require a dedicated .Nx drive \(em you must use the entire disk, partitioned with the installation tools. Open Firmware version 3 cannot boot into .Nx on a drive partitioned with the installation tools, you must partition your disk before running the installer, then select the .Dq Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets" option in the installer (selecting the .Dq Me "Install NetBSD to hard disk" or .Dq Me "Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk" options will render your drive unbootable). If you are unsure, you may want to read the section below on .Sx Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD .It For systems with Open Firmware versions prior to 3, you may need to use Apple's System Disk utility to enter Open Firmware and use your screen and keyboard. To enter Open Firmware, hold down the .Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F keys after the boot chime starts, but before the chime ends. Entering Open Firmware versions prior to 3 is usually the most frustrating part of installation \(em you may want to read the section below on .Sx Older Open Firmware System Preparation .Pp You should have the Open Firmware .Dq Pa "0 \*>" prompt on your screen before attempting to boot .Nx*M . .\} .if \n[macppc] \{\ .It At the Open Firmware prompt, type the command to boot. To boot from the installation floppies, the command is .Dq Ic "boot fd:0" . For the install kernel and bootloader on your hard drive (Open Firmware 3), the command is .Dq Ic "boot hd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz" . .Pp For boot CDs, the command is something like .Dq Ic "boot cd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd.macppc" (for Open Firmware 3) or .Dq Ic "boot scsi-int/sd@3:0 NETBSD.MACPPC" (for earlier Open Firmware versions). You will need to use the correct case for .Ic OFWBOOT.XCF No and Ic NETBSD.MACPPC depending on how your version of Open Firmware interprets the ISO file system. You may need to replace .Ic cd with .Ic "scsi/sd@3 , scsi-int/sd@3 , ata/atapi-disk ," or some other device alias. You should also use the Open Firmware .Ic dir command to confirm that the .Nx*M kernel is called .Pa NETBSD.MACPPC . You may want to read the section below on .Sx Open Firmware boot syntax .\} .if \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ .It You will need to get to the .if \n[sparc] OpenBoot PROM .if \n[sparc64] OpenFirmware .Dq Ic "ok" prompt. After your system first powers on, and displays some initial information, press the .Key STOP-A keys, or send a BREAK if you're on a serial console. At the .Dq Ic "ok" prompt, type the command to boot your system into .Nx . .\} .if \n[sparc] \{\ The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on your model): .Dq Ic b sd(,30,) , .Dq Ic boot sd(,30,) , or .Dq Ic boot cdrom . .Pp The command to boot from floppy is either .Dq Ic boot fd(,,1) or .Dq Ic boot floppy . The installer will prompt you to insert the second floppy when it is ready for it. .\} .if \n[sparc64] \{\ The command to boot from CD is: .Dq Ic boot cdrom . The command to boot the .Nx kernel from a .Tn Solaris or .Nx partition depends on which disk and partition it is on. To boot from the first partition of the first (primary) disk: .Dq Ic "boot disk:a /ofwboot -a" . When it asks you for a kernel, specify .Dq Ic "netbsd-INSTALL.gz" .\} .It For third-party programs which are not part of the base .Nx distribution, you will want to explore the .Ic pkgsrc system with its more than 5000 program packages. .El .\} .Ss "What is NetBSD?" .Pp . The .Nx Operating System is a fully functional .Tn Open Source .Ul operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources. .Nx runs on fifty four different system architectures (ports), featuring seventeen machine architectures across fifteen distinct CPU families, and is being ported to more. The .Nx \*V release contains complete binary releases for many different system architectures. (A few ports are not fully supported at this time and are thus not part of the binary distribution. For information on them, please see the .Nx web site at .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ . ) .Pp .Nx is a completely integrated system. In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel, .nh .Nx features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several languages, the X Window System, firewall software and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code. .Pp .\" XXX Should we include some text here about NetBSD's license .\" policies and how commercial-friendly it is? .Nx is a creation of the members of the Internet community. Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes possible, it's likely that .Nx wouldn't exist. . .if \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD 2.0.1 and 2.0.2 updates .Pp The .Nx 2.0.2 release is the second security/critical update of the NetBSD 2.0 release branch. This represents a selected subset of fixes deemed critical in nature for stability or security reasons. All of these fixes will also appear on future .Nx releases (e.g. .Nx 2.1 , etc) from the NetBSD 2.0 release branch as well. . .Pp Specific updates are as follows: . .Ss2 Kernel . .(bullet Avoid endless loop in F_CLOSEM fnctl which could be abused for a local DOS. .It Avoid possible security issues on amd64, x86 and xen by properly checking range for copyinstr and copyoutstr. .It Make pmap_map() work on sun4 machines so these are usable again. .It Fix a UVM problem that causes hangs when large processes fork. .It Fix pthreads on sun4c hardware by fixing a problem with detecting faults in atomic load/store instructions. .It Address further pthread issues on sparc and sparc64 by defining a new LWP flag which indicates that we're in the process of doing a context switch. .It Make sun3 port functional again by restoring the definition for MAXPHYS as it is now used rather than MAXBSIZE to limit page cache I/O sizes. .It Prevent lockups/panics if the VOP_LOOKUP() call unlocked the parent directory node. .It Prevent a kernel panic on boot with a PX graphics card on DECstations. .It Fix prep port to be functional by ensuring that the OpenPIC register window is mapped during startup. .It Clear freed memory in .Xr cgd 4 code to avoid possibly security issues. .bullet) . .Ss2 Networking . .(bullet Disabled the oow test in ipf because it is killing valid packets. .It Prevent deadlock/panic on NFS clients after NFS server reboots and caches aren't in sync. .It Fix an NFS panic caused by truncating a file while another client is writing data to it. .It Avoid infinite loops when getting NFS readdir response without any entries or EOF. .It Fix possible remote DOS via IPSec AH packets. .bullet) . .Ss2 System administration and user tools . .(bullet Teach groff about NetBSD versions that aren't on the branches documentation. .It Add description for Solaris 10 dual boot installation. .It Document PTHREAD_CONCURRENCY. .It Fix bug in binutils which broke Firefox under NetBSD-sparc64. .It Address xpm security problems reported in CAN-2005-0605. .bullet) .Ss2 \*M specific .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD 2.0 release and 2.0.1 update .Pp The .Nx 2.0.1 release is the first security/critical update of the NetBSD 2.0 release branch. This represents a selected subset of fixes deemed critical in nature for stability or security reasons. All of these fixes will also appear on future .Nx releases (e.g. .Nx 2.1 , etc) from the NetBSD 2.0 release branch as well. . .Pp Specific updates are as follows: . .Ss2 Kernel . .(bullet Prevent panics on powerpc with DIAGNOSTIC kernels and trap handling. .It Make the macppc INSTALL kernel bootable again by moving the load address to the correct location. .It Fix a major issue with sparc64 pmap to prevent crashes under heavy load. .It Fix major performance issue with xen port so idle loop doesn't consume 100% of cpu time. .It Fix xen port so it can reboot cleanly instead of hanging. .It MMU fixes for sh3 based ports to prevent reboots under heavy load. .bullet) . .Ss2 Networking . .(bullet Fix major performance issues with the i82547 Gig-E chip which improves performance with .Xr wm 4 . .It Fix problems with .Xr sk 4 performance on ASUS A8V motherboards. .It Prevent panics in ipf when receiving IPv6 packets. .It NFS fixes to address incorrect atimes updates and cache coherancy issues. .bullet) . .Ss2 System administration and user tools . .(bullet Fix .Xr swapcontext 3 for amd64 so that it works correctly. .bullet) .Ss2 \*M specific .Ss Changes Between The NetBSD 1.6 and 2.0 Releases .Pp The NetBSD 2.0 release provides numerous significant functional enhancements, including support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes, new and updated kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhancements. The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for production use that rivals most commercially available systems. .Pp It is impossible to completely summarize over two years of development that went into the .Nx \*V release. Some highlights include: . .Ss2 Kernel . .(bullet Ports to new platforms including: amd64, evbsh5, and xen. .It Native thread support has been added, based on Scheduler Activations. Applications which support native threads can now take full advantage of the high-performance NetBSD POSIX threads implementation. .It Kernel events notification framework - kqueue . kqueue provides a stateful and efficient event notification framework. Currently supported events include socket, file, directory, fifo, pipe, tty and device changes, and monitoring of processes and signals. . kqueue is supported by all writable filesystems in the NetBSD tree (with the exception of Coda) and all device drivers supporting poll(2). .It Improvements have been made to NetBSD's Linux emulation to support the latest Sun JDK/JRE for Linux. Testing has shown that it now runs as well as it does on Linux natively. .It NetBSD 2.0 enforces non-executable mappings on many platforms. This means that parts of the stack and heap are made non-executable when they are marked writable. This makes exploiting potential buffer overflows harder. .It For the i386 port it now supports SMP and has a new ACPI and power management framework which takes advantage of Intel's ACPI implementation. .It The macppc port also now supports SMP as well as hardware support for newer G4 models has been added. .It SMP support has been added to the sparc port as well. .It New generic i2c framework, supporting bit-bang and "intelligent" controllers. .It .Xr sysctl 9 was switched from a static binding to a dynamic implementation. .It Add a new driver .Xr satalink 4 and move SATA support from other controllers into this along with adding support for new controllers. .bullet) . .Ss2 Networking . .(bullet .Xr ipf 8 has been upgraded to version 4.1.3. .It .Xr tcp 4 now implements path MTU discovery blackhole detection (i.e. it will turn off path MTU discovery if the connection is losing). .It Socket buffer insertion is now O(C). This can provide a substantial performance boost to some applications which use large socket buffers. .It .Xr wi 4 has support for Host-AP mode, allowing Intersil Prism2/2.5/3-based boards to be used to make an 802.11 Access Point. .It Support for .Xr ipf 8 has been added to .Xr bridge 4 and .Xr brconfig 8 .It Change port allocation from linked list to a hash table for better performance. .bullet) . .Ss2 File system . .(bullet FreeBSD's UFS2 has been ported to NetBSD. UFS2 is an extension to FFS, adding 64 bit block pointers and support for extended file storage. Among other enhancements, UFS2 allows for file systems larger than 1Terabyte. .It The cryptographic disk driver (cgd) can be used to encrypt disks or partitions, using some strong encryption algorithms, like AES (Rijndael) and Blowfish. cgd can also be configured to encrypt swap. .bullet) . .Ss2 Security . .(bullet The systrace utility has been added to the system. systrace monitors and controls an application access to the system by enforcing access policies for system calls. The systrace utility might be used to trace an untrusted application's access to the system. In addition, it can be used to protect the system from software bugs (such as buffer overflows) by constraining a daemon's access to the system. . The privilege elevation feature of systrace can be used to obviate the need to run large, untrusted programs as root when only one or two system calls require the elevated privilege. .It Verified Exec support has been added in this release. Verified Exec verifies a cryptographic hash before allowing execution of binaries and scripts. . This can be used to prevent a system from running binaries or scripts which have been illegally modified or installed. In addition, Verified Exec can also be used to limit the use of script interpreters to authorized scripts only and disallow interactive use. .bullet) . .Ss2 System administration and user tools . .(bullet Switched from the GPL version to a non-GPL version of various tools including gzip and awk. .bullet) . .Ss2 Miscellaneous . .(bullet NetBSD 2.0 supports a new toolchain based on gcc 3.3.3 and binutils 2.14. gcc 3.3.1 adds support for a number of CPU targets and greatly improved support for i386 and other targets. The support for new platforms in gcc 3.3.3 has enabled the porting of NetBSD to even more architectures. .It Updates of most third party packages that are shipped in the base system to the following latest stable releases: .(bullet -compact -offset indent bind 8.3.7 .It binutils 2.14 .It cvs 1.11.17 .It diffutils 2.8.1 .It file 4.08 .It gcc 3.3.3 .It gdb 5.3 .It grep 2.5.1 .It groff 1.19 .It less 381 .It openssl 0.9.7d .It postfix 2.0.19 .It sendmail 8.12.11 .It tcpump 3.7.1 .It texinfo 4.6 .bullet) .It Many new packages in the .Em pkgsrc system, including the latest open source desktop KDE3, OpenOffice, perl, Apache and many more. . A number of new platforms are supported, including Darwin, FreeBSD, IRIX, Linux, OpenBSD and Solaris. Support for various other platforms (among them AIX, BSD/OS and HP-UX) is currently being worked on thanks to our new, portable bootstrap kit which makes it much simpler to port pkgsrc support to new operating systems. . At the time of writing, there are over 4500 third party packages available in pkgsrc. .bullet) . .Pp Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and more subsystems and device drivers are shared among the different ports. You can look for this trend to continue. . .Ss2 \*M specific .so whatis ----------------------------------------------- .\} \" \n[FOR_RELEASE] .Ss Important notes about NetBSD \*V .Pp .(bullet As noted above, the sendmail third-party program has been upgraded since the last release. The new version of sendmail runs without requiring being set-user-ID to ``root''. .Pp In order to retain the functionality that a newly installed system can send mail ``out of the box'', the default has changed so that sendmail will now start by default, and listen for host-local connections. .Pp If this behaviour is not desired, you can either .(enum -compact explicitly set the sendmail variable to ``NO'' in .Pa /etc/rc.conf , .It modify .Pa /etc/mail/submit.cf to point to another host, .It modify .Pa /etc/mailer.conf to point to something else than sendmail, or .It make sendmail set-user-ID to ``root'', remove .Pa /etc/mail/submit.cf , and set the sendmail_suid variable to ``YES'' in .Pa /etc/rc.conf . .enum) The latter method is strongly discouraged. .bullet) . .Ss "The Future of NetBSD" .Pp . The .Nx Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit organization. Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the free exchange of computer software, namely the .Nx Operating System. The foundation will allow for many things to be handled more smoothly than could be done with our previous informal organization. In particular, it provides the framework to deal with other parties that wish to become involved in the .Nx Project. .Pp The .Nx Foundation will help improve the quality of .Nx by: .(bullet providing better organization to keep track of development efforts, including co-ordination with groups working in related fields. .It providing a framework to receive donations of goods and services and to own the resources necessary to run the .Nx Project. .It providing a better position from which to undertake promotional activities. .It periodically organizing workshops for developers and other interested people to discuss ongoing work. .bullet) .Pp We intend to begin narrowing the time delay between releases. Our ambition is to provide a full release every six to eight months. .Pp We hope to support even .Em more hardware in the future, and we have a rather large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve .Nx . .Pp We intend to continue our current practice of making the NetBSD-current development source available on a daily basis. .Pp We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources submit them, providing that they are well thought-out and increase the usability of the system. .Pp Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be responsive to the needs and desires of .Nx users, because it is for and because of them that .Nx exists. .br_ne 10P . .Ss "Sources of NetBSD" .Pp . Refer to .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Sites/net.html . .br_ne 10P . .Ss "NetBSD \*V Release Contents .Pp . The root directory of the .Nx \*V release is organized as follows: .ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\ .Pp .Pa .../NetBSD-\*V/ .(tag README.files .It Li CHANGES Changes since earlier .Nx releases. .It Li LAST_MINUTE Last minute changes. .It Li MIRRORS A list of sites that mirror the .Nx \*V distribution. .It Li README.files README describing the distribution's contents. .It Li TODO The .Nx todo list (also somewhat incomplete and out of date). .It Pa patches/ Post-release source code patches. .It Pa source/ Source distribution sets; see below. .tag) .Pp In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which .Nx \*V has a binary distribution. .Pp The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the .Pa source subdirectory of the distribution tree. They contain the complete sources to the system. The source distribution sets are as follows: .(tag sharesrc .It Sy gnusrc This set contains the .Dq gnu sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff, and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets. .showsize 79 367 .It Sy pkgsrc This set contains the .Dq pkgsrc sources, which contain the infrastructure to build third-party packages. .showsize 24 200 .It Sy sharesrc This set contains the .Dq share sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document set; the dictionaries; and more. .showsize 5 20 .It Sy src This set contains all of the base .Nx \*V sources which are not in .Sy gnusrc , .Sy sharesrc , or .Sy syssrc . .showsize 37 176 .It Sy syssrc This set contains the sources to the .Nx \*V kernel for all architectures; .Xr config 8 ; and .Xr dbsym 8 . .showsize 26 140 .It Sy xsrc This set contains the sources to the X Window System. .showsize 84 450 .tag) .Pp All the above source sets are located in the .Pa source/sets subdirectory of the distribution tree. .Pp The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files. Except for the .Sy pkgsrc set, which is traditionally unpacked into .Pa /usr/pkgsrc , all sets may be unpacked into .Pa /usr/src with the command: .Dl # Ic "( cd / ; tar -zxpf - ) \*< set_name.tgz" .Pp In each of the source distribution set directories, there are files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory: .(tag SYSVSUM -offset indent .It Li BSDSUM Historic .Bx checksums for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: .br .Ic cksum -o 1 Ar file . .It Li CKSUM .Tn POSIX checksums for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: .br .Ic cksum Ar file . .It Li MD5 .Tn MD5 digests for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: .br .Ic cksum Fl m Ar file . .It Li SYSVSUM Historic AT\*&T System V .Ux checksums for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by the command: .br .Ic cksum -o 2 Ar file . .tag) .Pp The MD5 digest is the safest checksum, followed by the POSIX checksum. The other two checksums are provided only to ensure that the widest possible range of system can check the integrity of the release files. .\} .el \{\ .Pp .Pa \&.../NetBSD-current/tar_files/ .(item -compact -offset indent .Pa pkgsrc.tar.gz .It .Pa src/*.tar.gz .It .Pa xsrc/*.tar.gz .item) .Pp Other directories provide unpacked source trees e.g. for distribution via the the software update protocol (SUP) or the concurrent version system (CVS). For more information see: .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/ .\} . . .so ../common/contents ----------------------------------------------- . . .(Note Each directory in the \*M binary distribution also has its own checksum files, just as the source distribution does. .Note) .br_ne 7P . .Ss "NetBSD/\*M System Requirements and Supported Devices" . .so hardware ----------------------------------------------- .br_ne 7P . .if \n[xen] \{.Ss "Installation options" .br_ne 7P . .so instopt ----------------------------------------------- .\} . .Ss "Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media" . .so xfer ----------------------------------------------- .br_ne 7P . .Ss "Preparing your System for NetBSD installation" . .so prep ----------------------------------------------- .br_ne 7P . .ie \n[mac68k] .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System (Sysinst Method)" .el .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System" . .so install ----------------------------------------------- .br_ne 7P . .Ss "Post installation steps" . .so ../common/postinstall ----------------------------------------------- .br_ne 7P . .Ss "Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System" . .so upgrade ----------------------------------------------- .br_ne 7P . .Ss "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases" .Pp . Users upgrading from previous versions of .Nx may wish to bear the following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to .Nx \*V . . .Ss2 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 1.6 The following issues can generally be resolved by extracting the .Sy etc set into a temporary directory and running .Em postinstall : .(disp mkdir /tmp/upgrade cd /tmp/upgrade pax -zrpe -f /path/to/etc.tgz \&./etc/postinstall -s `pwd` check \&./etc/postinstall -s `pwd` fix .disp) .Pp Issues fixed by .Em postinstall : .(bullet -offset indent Various files in .Pa /etc need upgrading. These include: .(bullet -compact -offset indent .Pa /etc/defaults/* .It .Pa /etc/mtree/* .It .Pa /etc/daily .It .Pa /etc/weekly .It .Pa /etc/monthly .It .Pa /etc/security .It .Pa /etc/rc.subr .It .Pa /etc/rc .It .Pa /etc/rc.shutdown .It .Pa /etc/rc.d/* .bullet) . .It The following files are now obsolete: .Pa /etc/rc.d/fsck.sh .Pa /etc/rc.d/gated .Pa /etc/rc.d/kerberos .Pa /etc/rc.d/NETWORK .Pa /etc/rc.d/systemfs .Pa /etc/rc.d/xntpd and .Pa /etc/rc.d/ypset . . .It The users and groups .Sq smmsp , needs to be created, .Sq news is no longer part of the system. .bullet) . .Pp The following issues need to be resolved manually: . .(bullet -offset indent .Xr postfix 8 configuration files require upgrading. .(disp cd /usr/share/examples/postfix cp post-install postfix-files postfix-script /etc/postfix postfix check .disp) . .bullet) . . .Ss "Using online NetBSD documentation" .Pp Documentation is available if you first install the manual distribution set. Traditionally, the .Dq man pages (documentation) are denoted by .Sq Li name(section) . Some examples of this are .Pp .(bullet -compact -offset indent .Xr intro 1 , .It .Xr man 1 , .It .Xr apropros 1 , .It .Xr passwd 1 , and .It .Xr passwd 5 . .bullet) .Pp The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. .Pp .No The Em man command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering .Ic man Op Ar section .Ar topic . The brackets .Op \& around the section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the lowest numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after logging in, enter .Pp .Dl # Ic "man passwd" .Pp to read the documentation for .Xr passwd 1 . To view the documentation for .Xr passwd 5 , enter .Pp .Dl # Ic "man 5 passwd" .Pp instead. .Pp If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter .Pp .Ic apropos Ar subject-word .Pp where .Ar subject-word is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed. . .Ss Administrivia .Pp . If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at .Mt majordomo@NetBSD.org . To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instructions. .Pp There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and questions about this release. Please send comments to: .Mt netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org . .Pp To report bugs, use the .Xr send-pr 1 command shipped with .Nx , and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good bug reports include lots of details. Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to: .Mt netbsd-bugs@NetBSD.org . .Pp Use of .Xr send-pr 1 is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it are entered into the .Nx bugs database, and thus can't slip through the cracks. .Pp There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of each port of .Nx . Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/MailingLists/ . If you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific port, you probably should contact the .Sq owner of that port (listed below). .Pp If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to: .Mt netbsd-help@NetBSD.org . .Pp As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it. . .Ss Thanks go to . .(bullet The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group, including (but not limited to): .Bd -unfilled -offset indent Keith Bostic Ralph Campbell Mike Karels Marshall Kirk McKusick .Ed .Pp for their ongoing work on .Bx systems, support, and encouragement. .It The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the .Nx FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers. .It The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server which runs the CVSweb interface to the .Nx source tree. .It The Helsinki University of Technology in Finland for hosting the .Nx backup CVS and backup server. .It SSH Communications Security in Finland for operating the backup server. .It The many organisations that provide .Nx mirror sites. .It Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool. .It The following individuals and organizations (each in alphabetical order) have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support .Nx development, and deserve credit for it: .so ../common/donations ----------------------------------------------- (If you're not on that list and should be, tell us! We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you wanted to be listed.) .It Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into developing .Nx since its inception in January, 1993. (Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here. If you're one of them, and would like to mentioned, tell us!) .bullet) . .Ss "We are..." . .Pp (in alphabetical order) .Pp . . .Bl -column xxx "Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino" Mt sommerfeld@NetBSD.org newsmips . .br_ne 1i .It Em "The NetBSD core group:" .It Ta Ta .It Ta Allen Briggs Ta Mt briggs@NetBSD.org .It Ta Frank van der Linden Ta Mt fvdl@NetBSD.org .It Ta Luke Mewburn Ta Mt lukem@NetBSD.org .It Ta Matt Thomas Ta Mt matt@NetBSD.org .It Ta Christos Zoulas Ta Mt christos@NetBSD.org .It Ta Ta . .br_ne 2i .It Em "The portmasters (and their ports):" .\" .\" XXX created by list-portmasters.pl .\" .It Ta Ta .It Ta Allen Briggs Ta Mt briggs@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sandpoint .It Ta Anders Magnusson Ta Mt ragge@NetBSD.org Ta Sy vax .It Ta Andrey Petrov Ta Mt petrov@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sparc64 .It Ta Ben Harris Ta Mt bjh21@NetBSD.org Ta Sy acorn26 .It Ta Chris Gilbert Ta Mt chris@NetBSD.org Ta Sy cats .It Ta Christian Limpach Ta Mt cl@NetBSD.org Ta Sy xen .It Ta Eduardo Horvath Ta Mt eeh@NetBSD.org Ta Sy evbppc .It Ta Frank van der Linden Ta Mt fvdl@NetBSD.org Ta Sy amd64 .It Ta Frank van der Linden Ta Mt fvdl@NetBSD.org Ta Sy i386 .It Ta IWAMOTO Toshihiro Ta Mt toshii@NetBSD.org Ta Sy hpcarm .It Ta Ichiro Fukuhara Ta Mt ichiro@NetBSD.org Ta Sy hpcarm .It Ta Ignatios Souvatzis Ta Mt is@NetBSD.org Ta Sy amiga .It Ta Izumi Tsutsui Ta Mt tsutsui@NetBSD.org Ta Sy hp300 .It Ta Izumi Tsutsui Ta Mt tsutsui@NetBSD.org Ta Sy news68k .It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@NetBSD.org Ta Sy algor .It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@NetBSD.org Ta Sy shark .It Ta Jeremy Cooper Ta Mt jeremy@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sun3 .It Ta Jonathan Stone Ta Mt jonathan@NetBSD.org Ta Sy pmax .It Ta Julian Coleman Ta Mt jdc@NetBSD.org Ta Sy atari .It Ta Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino Ta Mt itojun@NetBSD.org Ta Sy evbsh3 .It Ta Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino Ta Mt itojun@NetBSD.org Ta Sy mmeye .It Ta Kazuki Sakamoto Ta Mt sakamoto@NetBSD.org Ta Sy bebox .It Ta Lennart Augustsson Ta Mt augustss@NetBSD.org Ta Sy pmppc .It Ta Marcus Comstedt Ta Mt marcus@NetBSD.org Ta Sy dreamcast .It Ta Martin Husemann Ta Mt martin@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sparc64 .It Ta Matt DeBergalis Ta Mt deberg@NetBSD.org Ta Sy next68k .It Ta Matt Fredette Ta Mt fredette@NetBSD.org Ta Sy hp700 .It Ta Matt Fredette Ta Mt fredette@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sun2 .It Ta Matt Thomas Ta Mt matt@NetBSD.org Ta Sy alpha .It Ta Matt Thomas Ta Mt matt@NetBSD.org Ta Sy netwinder .It Ta Matthias Drochner Ta Mt drochner@NetBSD.org Ta Sy cesfic .It Ta NISHIMURA Takeshi Ta Mt nsmrtks@NetBSD.org Ta Sy x68k .It Ta NONAKA Kimihiro Ta Mt nonaka@NetBSD.org Ta Sy prep .It Ta Nathan Williams Ta Mt nathanw@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sun3 .It Ta Noriyuki Soda Ta Mt soda@NetBSD.org Ta Sy arc .It Ta Paul Kranenburg Ta Mt pk@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sparc .It Ta Phil Nelson Ta Mt phil@NetBSD.org Ta Sy pc532 .It Ta Reinoud Zandijk Ta Mt reinoud@NetBSD.org Ta Sy acorn32 .It Ta Ross Harvey Ta Mt ross@NetBSD.org Ta Sy alpha .It Ta S(/oren Jvang Ta Mt soren@NetBSD.org Ta Sy cobalt .It Ta S(/oren Jvang Ta Mt soren@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sgimips .It Ta Scott Reynolds Ta Mt scottr@NetBSD.org Ta Sy mac68k .It Ta Shin Takemura Ta Mt takemura@NetBSD.org Ta Sy hpcmips .It Ta Simon Burge Ta Mt simonb@NetBSD.org Ta Sy evbmips .It Ta Simon Burge Ta Mt simonb@NetBSD.org Ta Sy evbppc .It Ta Simon Burge Ta Mt simonb@NetBSD.org Ta Sy pmax .It Ta Simon Burge Ta Mt simonb@NetBSD.org Ta Sy sbmips .It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@NetBSD.org Ta Sy evbsh5 .It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@NetBSD.org Ta Sy mvme68k .It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@NetBSD.org Ta Sy mvmeppc .It Ta Tohru Nishimura Ta Mt nisimura@NetBSD.org Ta Sy luna68k .It Ta Tsubai Masanari Ta Mt tsubai@NetBSD.org Ta Sy macppc .It Ta Tsubai Masanari Ta Mt tsubai@NetBSD.org Ta Sy newsmips .It Ta UCHIYAMA Yasushi Ta Mt uch@NetBSD.org Ta Sy hpcsh .It Ta UCHIYAMA Yasushi Ta Mt uch@NetBSD.org Ta Sy playstation2 .It Ta Wayne Knowles Ta Mt wdk@NetBSD.org Ta Sy mipsco .It Ta Wolfgang Solfrank Ta Mt ws@NetBSD.org Ta Sy ofppc .It Ta Ta . .br_ne 1i .It Em "The NetBSD \*V Release Engineering team:" .It Ta Ta .It Ta Grant Beattie Ta Mt grant@NetBSD.org .It Ta Erik Berls Ta Mt cyber@NetBSD.org .It Ta James Chacon Ta Mt jmc@NetBSD.org .It Ta Julian Coleman Ta Mt jdc@NetBSD.org .It Ta H\(oavard Eidnes Ta Mt he@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino Ta Mt itojun@NetBSD.org .It Ta SAITOH Masanobu Ta Mt msaitoh@NetBSD.org .It Ta Luke Mewburn Ta Mt lukem@NetBSD.org .It Ta Matthias Scheler Ta Mt tron@NetBSD.org .It Ta Curt Sampson Ta Mt cjs@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jim Wise Ta Mt jwise@NetBSD.org .It Ta Ta . .br_ne 2i .It Em "NetBSD Developers:" .It Ta Ta .It Ta Nathan Ahlstrom Ta Mt nra@NetBSD.org .It Ta Steve Allen Ta Mt wormey@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jukka Andberg Ta Mt jandberg@NetBSD.org .It Ta Julian Assange Ta Mt proff@NetBSD.org .It Ta Lennart Augustsson Ta Mt augustss@NetBSD.org .It Ta Christoph Badura Ta Mt bad@NetBSD.org .It Ta Bang Jun-Young Ta Mt junyoung@NetBSD.org .It Ta Dieter Baron Ta Mt dillo@NetBSD.org .It Ta Robert V. Baron Ta Mt rvb@NetBSD.org .It Ta Grant Beattie Ta Mt grant@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jason Beegan Ta Mt jtb@NetBSD.org .It Ta Erik Berls Ta Mt cyber@NetBSD.org .It Ta Hiroyuki Bessho Ta Mt bsh@NetBSD.org .It Ta John Birrell Ta Mt jb@NetBSD.org .It Ta Mason Loring Bliss Ta Mt mason@NetBSD.org .It Ta Charles Blundell Ta Mt cb@NetBSD.org .It Ta Rafal Boni Ta Mt rafal@NetBSD.org .It Ta Manuel Bouyer Ta Mt bouyer@NetBSD.org .It Ta John Brezak Ta Mt brezak@NetBSD.org .It Ta Allen Briggs Ta Mt briggs@NetBSD.org .It Ta Mark Brinicombe Ta Mt mark@NetBSD.org .It Ta Aaron Brown Ta Mt abrown@NetBSD.org .It Ta Andrew Brown Ta Mt atatat@NetBSD.org .It Ta David Brownlee Ta Mt abs@NetBSD.org .It Ta Frederick Bruckman Ta Mt fredb@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jon Buller Ta Mt jonb@NetBSD.org .It Ta Simon Burge Ta Mt simonb@NetBSD.org .It Ta Robert Byrnes Ta Mt byrnes@NetBSD.org .It Ta D'Arcy J.M. Cain Ta Mt darcy@NetBSD.org .It Ta Dave Carrel Ta Mt carrel@NetBSD.org .It Ta Daniel Carosone Ta Mt dan@NetBSD.org .It Ta James Chacon Ta Mt jmc@NetBSD.org .It Ta Bill Coldwell Ta Mt billc@NetBSD.org .It Ta Julian Coleman Ta Mt jdc@NetBSD.org .It Ta Ben Collver Ta Mt ben@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jeremy Cooper Ta Mt jeremy@NetBSD.org .It Ta Chuck Cranor Ta Mt chuck@NetBSD.org .It Ta Alistair Crooks Ta Mt agc@NetBSD.org .It Ta Aidan Cully Ta Mt aidan@NetBSD.org .It Ta Johan Danielsson Ta Mt joda@NetBSD.org .It Ta John Darrow Ta Mt jdarrow@NetBSD.org .It Ta Matt DeBergalis Ta Mt deberg@NetBSD.org .It Ta Rob Deker Ta Mt deker@NetBSD.org .It Ta Chris G. Demetriou Ta Mt cgd@NetBSD.org .It Ta Tracy Di Marco White Ta Mt gendalia@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jarom\('ir Dolecek Ta Mt jdolecek@NetBSD.org .It Ta Andy Doran Ta Mt ad@NetBSD.org .It Ta Roland Dowdeswell Ta Mt elric@NetBSD.org .It Ta Emmanuel Dreyfus Ta Mt manu@NetBSD.org .It Ta Matthias Drochner Ta Mt drochner@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jun Ebihara Ta Mt jun@NetBSD.org .It Ta H\(oavard Eidnes Ta Mt he@NetBSD.org .It Ta Stoned Elipot Ta Mt seb@NetBSD.org .It Ta Enami Tsugutomo Ta Mt enami@NetBSD.org .It Ta Bernd Ernesti Ta Mt veego@NetBSD.org .It Ta Erik Fair Ta Mt fair@NetBSD.org .It Ta Gavan Fantom Ta Mt gavan@NetBSD.org .It Ta Hubert Feyrer Ta Mt hubertf@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jason R. Fink Ta Mt jrf@NetBSD.org .It Ta Matt Fredette Ta Mt fredette@NetBSD.org .It Ta Thorsten Frueauf Ta Mt frueauf@NetBSD.org .It Ta Castor Fu Ta Mt castor@NetBSD.org .It Ta Ichiro Fukuhara Ta Mt ichiro@NetBSD.org .It Ta Quentin Garnier Ta Mt cube@NetBSD.org .It Ta Thomas Gerner Ta Mt thomas@NetBSD.org .It Ta Simon J. Gerraty Ta Mt sjg@NetBSD.org .It Ta Justin Gibbs Ta Mt gibbs@NetBSD.org .It Ta Chris Gilbert Ta Mt chris@NetBSD.org .It Ta Eric Gillespie Ta Mt epg@NetBSD.org .It Ta Adam Glass Ta Mt glass@NetBSD.org .It Ta Michael Graff Ta Mt explorer@NetBSD.org .It Ta Brian C. Grayson Ta Mt bgrayson@NetBSD.org .It Ta Matthew Green Ta Mt mrg@NetBSD.org .It Ta Andreas Gustafsson Ta Mt gson@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino Ta Mt itojun@NetBSD.org .It Ta Juergen Hannken-Illjes Ta Mt hannken@NetBSD.org .It Ta Charles M. Hannum Ta Mt mycroft@NetBSD.org .It Ta Ben Harris Ta Mt bjh21@NetBSD.org .It Ta Ross Harvey Ta Mt ross@NetBSD.org .It Ta Eric Haszlakiewicz Ta Mt erh@NetBSD.org .It Ta John Hawkinson Ta Mt jhawk@NetBSD.org .It Ta HAYAKAWA Koichi Ta Mt haya@NetBSD.org .It Ta John Heasley Ta Mt heas@NetBSD.org .It Ta Ren\('e Hexel Ta Mt rh@NetBSD.org .It Ta Michael L. Hitch Ta Mt mhitch@NetBSD.org .It Ta Christian E. Hopps Ta Mt chopps@NetBSD.org .It Ta Ken Hornstein Ta Mt kenh@NetBSD.org .It Ta Marc Horowitz Ta Mt marc@NetBSD.org .It Ta Eduardo Horvath Ta Mt eeh@NetBSD.org .It Ta Nick Hudson Ta Mt skrll@NetBSD.org .It Ta Shell Hung Ta Mt shell@NetBSD.org .It Ta Martin Husemann Ta Mt martin@NetBSD.org .It Ta Dean Huxley Ta Mt dean@NetBSD.org .It Ta Love H\(:ornquist \(oAstrand Ta Mt lha@NetBSD.org .It Ta Bernardo Innocenti Ta Mt bernie@NetBSD.org .It Ta Tetsuya Isaki Ta Mt isaki@NetBSD.org .It Ta ITOH Yasufumi Ta Mt itohy@NetBSD.org .It Ta IWAMOTO Toshihiro Ta Mt toshii@NetBSD.org .It Ta Matthew Jacob Ta Mt mjacob@NetBSD.org .It Ta Soren Jacobsen Ta Mt snj@NetBSD.org .It Ta Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj Ta Mt lonhyn@NetBSD.org .It Ta Darrin Jewell Ta Mt dbj@NetBSD.org .It Ta Chris Jones Ta Mt cjones@NetBSD.org .It Ta S\(/oren J\(/orvang Ta Mt soren@NetBSD.org .It Ta Takahiro Kambe Ta Mt taca@NetBSD.org .It Ta Antti Kantee Ta Mt pooka@NetBSD.org .It Ta Masanori Kanaoka Ta Mt kanaoka@NetBSD.org .It Ta Mattias Karlsson Ta Mt keihan@NetBSD.org .It Ta KAWAMOTO Yosihisa Ta Mt kawamoto@NetBSD.org .It Ta Mario Kemper Ta Mt magick@NetBSD.org .It Ta Min Sik Kim Ta Mt minskim@NetBSD.org .It Ta Thomas Klausner Ta Mt wiz@NetBSD.org .It Ta Klaus Klein Ta Mt kleink@NetBSD.org .It Ta Wayne Knowles Ta Mt wdk@NetBSD.org .It Ta Takayoshi Kochi Ta Mt kochi@NetBSD.org .It Ta John Kohl Ta Mt jtk@NetBSD.org .It Ta Daniel de Kok Ta Mt daniel@NetBSD.org .It Ta Paul Kranenburg Ta Mt pk@NetBSD.org .It Ta Martti Kuparinen Ta Mt martti@NetBSD.org .It Ta Kevin Lahey Ta Mt kml@NetBSD.org .It Ta Johnny C. Lam Ta Mt jlam@NetBSD.org .It Ta Martin J. Laubach Ta Mt mjl@NetBSD.org .It Ta Greg Lehey Ta Mt grog@NetBSD.org .It Ta Ted Lemon Ta Mt mellon@NetBSD.org .It Ta Christian Limpach Ta Mt cl@NetBSD.org .It Ta Frank van der Linden Ta Mt fvdl@NetBSD.org .It Ta Joel Lindholm Ta Mt joel@NetBSD.org .It Ta Mike Long Ta Mt mikel@NetBSD.org .It Ta Warner Losh Ta Mt imp@NetBSD.org .It Ta Tomasz Luchowski Ta Mt zuntum@NetBSD.org .It Ta Federico Lupi Ta Mt federico@NetBSD.org .It Ta Brett Lymn Ta Mt blymn@NetBSD.org .It Ta Paul Mackerras Ta Mt paulus@NetBSD.org .It Ta Anders Magnusson Ta Mt ragge@NetBSD.org .It Ta MAEKAWA Masahide Ta Mt gehenna@NetBSD.org .It Ta David Maxwell Ta Mt david@NetBSD.org .It Ta Dan McMahill Ta Mt dmcmahill@NetBSD.org .It Ta Gregory McGarry Ta Mt gmcgarry@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jared D. McNeill Ta Mt jmcneill@NetBSD.org .It Ta Neil J. McRae Ta Mt neil@NetBSD.org .It Ta Perry Metzger Ta Mt perry@NetBSD.org .It Ta Simas Mockevicius Ta Mt symka@NetBSD.org .It Ta Juan Romero Pardines Ta Mt xtraeme@NetBSD.org .It Ta Julio M. Merino Vidal Ta Mt jmmv@NetBSD.org .It Ta Minoura Makoto Ta Mt minoura@NetBSD.org .It Ta Luke Mewburn Ta Mt lukem@NetBSD.org .It Ta der Mouse Ta Mt mouse@NetBSD.org .It Ta Joseph Myers Ta Mt jsm@NetBSD.org .It Ta Ken Nakata Ta Mt kenn@NetBSD.org .It Ta Takeshi Nakayama Ta Mt nakayama@NetBSD.org .It Ta Phil Nelson Ta Mt phil@NetBSD.org .It Ta Bob Nestor Ta Mt rnestor@NetBSD.org .It Ta NISHIMURA Takeshi Ta Mt nsmrtks@NetBSD.org .It Ta Tohru Nishimura Ta Mt nisimura@NetBSD.org .It Ta NONAKA Kimihiro Ta Mt nonaka@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jesse Off Ta Mt joff@NetBSD.org .It Ta Tatoku Ogaito Ta Mt tacha@NetBSD.org .It Ta OKANO Takayoshi Ta Mt kano@NetBSD.org .It Ta Masaru Oki Ta Mt oki@NetBSD.org .It Ta Atsushi Onoe Ta Mt onoe@NetBSD.org .It Ta Greg Oster Ta Mt oster@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jonathan Perkin Ta Mt sketch@NetBSD.org .It Ta Herb Peyerl Ta Mt hpeyerl@NetBSD.org .It Ta Matthias Pfaller Ta Mt matthias@NetBSD.org .It Ta Chris Pinnock Ta Mt cjep@NetBSD.org .It Ta Adrian Portelli Ta Mt adrianp@NetBSD.org .It Ta Dante Profeta Ta Mt dante@NetBSD.org .It Ta Chris Provenzano Ta Mt proven@NetBSD.org .It Ta Niels Provos Ta Mt provos@NetBSD.org .It Ta Michael Rauch Ta Mt mrauch@NetBSD.org .It Ta Marc Recht Ta Mt recht@NetBSD.org .It Ta Darren Reed Ta Mt darrenr@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jeremy C. Reed Ta Mt reed@NetBSD.org .It Ta Tyler R. Retzlaff Ta Mt rtr@NetBSD.org .It Ta Scott Reynolds Ta Mt scottr@NetBSD.org .It Ta Michael Richardson Ta Mt mcr@NetBSD.org .It Ta Tim Rightnour Ta Mt garbled@NetBSD.org .It Ta Gordon Ross Ta Mt gwr@NetBSD.org .It Ta Steve Rumble Ta Mt rumble@NetBSD.org .It Ta Ilpo Ruotsalainen Ta Mt lonewolf@NetBSD.org .It Ta Heiko W. Rupp Ta Mt hwr@NetBSD.org .It Ta David Sainty Ta Mt dsainty@NetBSD.org .It Ta SAITOH Masanobu Ta Mt msaitoh@NetBSD.org .It Ta Kazuki Sakamoto Ta Mt sakamoto@NetBSD.org .It Ta Curt Sampson Ta Mt cjs@NetBSD.org .It Ta Wilfredo Sanchez Ta Mt wsanchez@NetBSD.org .It Ta Ty Sarna Ta Mt tsarna@NetBSD.org .It Ta SATO Kazumi Ta Mt sato@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jan Schaumann Ta Mt jschauma@NetBSD.org .It Ta Matthias Scheler Ta Mt tron@NetBSD.org .It Ta Karl Schilke (rAT) Ta Mt rat@NetBSD.org .It Ta Amitai Schlair Ta Mt schmonz@NetBSD.org .It Ta Konrad Schroder Ta Mt perseant@NetBSD.org .It Ta Lubomir Sedlacik Ta Mt salo@NetBSD.org .It Ta Christopher SEKIYA Ta Mt sekiya@NetBSD.org .It Ta Reed Shadgett Ta Mt dent@NetBSD.org .It Ta John Shannon Ta Mt shannonjr@NetBSD.org .It Ta Tim Shepard Ta Mt shep@NetBSD.org .It Ta Takeshi Shibagaki Ta Mt shiba@NetBSD.org .It Ta Naoto Shimazaki Ta Mt igy@NetBSD.org .It Ta Takao Shinohara Ta Mt shin@NetBSD.org .It Ta Takuya SHIOZAKI Ta Mt tshiozak@NetBSD.org .It Ta Chuck Silvers Ta Mt chs@NetBSD.org .It Ta Thor Lancelot Simon Ta Mt tls@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jeff Smith Ta Mt jeffs@NetBSD.org .It Ta Noriyuki Soda Ta Mt soda@NetBSD.org .It Ta Wolfgang Solfrank Ta Mt ws@NetBSD.org .It Ta SOMEYA Yoshihiko Ta Mt someya@NetBSD.org .It Ta Bill Sommerfeld Ta Mt sommerfeld@NetBSD.org .It Ta Ignatios Souvatzis Ta Mt is@NetBSD.org .It Ta Bill Squier Ta Mt groo@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jonathan Stone Ta Mt jonathan@NetBSD.org .It Ta Bill Studenmund Ta Mt wrstuden@NetBSD.org .It Ta Kevin Sullivan Ta Mt sullivan@NetBSD.org .It Ta SUNAGAWA Keiki Ta Mt kei@NetBSD.org .It Ta Kimmo Suominen Ta Mt kim@NetBSD.org .It Ta Shin Takemura Ta Mt takemura@NetBSD.org .It Ta TAMURA Kent Ta Mt kent@NetBSD.org .It Ta Shin'ichiro TAYA Ta Mt taya@NetBSD.org .It Ta Ian Lance Taylor Ta Mt ian@NetBSD.org .It Ta Matt Thomas Ta Mt matt@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@NetBSD.org .It Ta Christoph Toshok Ta Mt toshok@NetBSD.org .It Ta Tsubai Masanari Ta Mt tsubai@NetBSD.org .It Ta Izumi Tsutsui Ta Mt tsutsui@NetBSD.org .It Ta UCHIYAMA Yasushi Ta Mt uch@NetBSD.org .It Ta Masao Uebayashi Ta Mt uebayasi@NetBSD.org .It Ta Shuichiro URATA Ta Mt ur@NetBSD.org .It Ta Todd Vierling Ta Mt tv@NetBSD.org .It Ta Aymeric Vincent Ta Mt aymeric@NetBSD.org .It Ta Paul Vixie Ta Mt vixie@NetBSD.org .It Ta Krister Walfridsson Ta Mt kristerw@NetBSD.org .It Ta Lex Wennmacher Ta Mt wennmach@NetBSD.org .It Ta Leo Weppelman Ta Mt leo@NetBSD.org .It Ta Assar Westerlund Ta Mt assar@NetBSD.org .It Ta Todd Whitesel Ta Mt toddpw@NetBSD.org .It Ta Nathan Williams Ta Mt nathanw@NetBSD.org .It Ta Rob Windsor Ta Mt windsor@NetBSD.org .It Ta Dan Winship Ta Mt danw@NetBSD.org .It Ta Jim Wise Ta Mt jwise@NetBSD.org .It Ta Michael Wolfson Ta Mt mbw@NetBSD.org .It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@NetBSD.org .It Ta Colin Wood Ta Mt ender@NetBSD.org .It Ta YAMAMOTO Takashi Ta Mt yamt@NetBSD.org .It Ta Yuji Yamano Ta Mt yyamano@NetBSD.org .It Ta Reinoud Zandijk Ta Mt reinoud@NetBSD.org .It Ta Maria Zevenhoven Ta Mt maria7@NetBSD.org .It Ta Christos Zoulas Ta Mt christos@NetBSD.org .It Ta Ta . .br_ne 2i .It Em "Other contributors:" .It Ta Ta .It Ta Dave Burgess Ta Mt burgess@cynjut.infonet.net .It Ta Brian R. Gaeke Ta Mt brg@dgate.org .It Ta Brad Grantham Ta Mt grantham@tenon.com .It Ta Lawrence Kesteloot Ta Mt kesteloo@cs.unc.edu .It Ta Waldi Ravens Ta Mt waldi@moacs.indiv.nl.net . .El . .Ss "Legal Mumbo-Jumbo" .Pp . All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. .Pp The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of the software that we have mentioned in this document: .Pp .nr save_size \n[.s] .nr save_vs \n[.v] .ps 8 .vs 9 .Ht .(item -compact .so ../common/legal.common ----------------------------------------------- .so legal ----------------------------------------------- .item) .Ht .ps .vs .Ss "The End"