Return to cd9660_eltorito.c CVS log

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From Nathan Whitehorn (nwhitehorn at freebsd dot org):
Add code to generate bootable ISOs on Powermac and CHRP systems.
Synthesize some partition maps (APM and MBR, respectively) pointing
to (a) the whole disk, and (b) relevant El Torito boot images that
have been added by other code. These partition maps are a little
bit funny looking, but they seem to work. FreeBSD has been using
this successfully in their release generation on powerpc, as well
as generating all non-SPARC install media. SPARC support could
probably be added as an extension of this patch.

/*	$NetBSD: cd9660_eltorito.c,v 1.15 2011/05/22 21:51:39 christos Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2005 Daniel Watt, Walter Deignan, Ryan Gabrys, Alan
 * Perez-Rathke and Ram Vedam.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code was written by Daniel Watt, Walter Deignan, Ryan Gabrys,
 * Alan Perez-Rathke and Ram Vedam.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
 * without modification, are permitted provided that the following
 * conditions are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *    copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 *    disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
 *    with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY DANIEL WATT, WALTER DEIGNAN, RYAN
 * GABRYS, ALAN PEREZ-RATHKE AND RAM VEDAM ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL DANIEL WATT, WALTER DEIGNAN, RYAN
 * GABRYS, ALAN PEREZ-RATHKE AND RAM VEDAM BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
 * USE,DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
 * OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/endian.h>

#include "cd9660.h"
#include "cd9660_eltorito.h"

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#if defined(__RCSID) && !defined(__lint)
__RCSID("$NetBSD: cd9660_eltorito.c,v 1.15 2011/05/22 21:51:39 christos Exp $");
#endif  /* !__lint */

#ifdef DEBUG
#define	ELTORITO_DPRINTF(__x)	printf __x
#else
#define	ELTORITO_DPRINTF(__x)
#endif

static struct boot_catalog_entry *cd9660_init_boot_catalog_entry(void);
static struct boot_catalog_entry *cd9660_boot_setup_validation_entry(char);
static struct boot_catalog_entry *cd9660_boot_setup_default_entry(
    struct cd9660_boot_image *);
static struct boot_catalog_entry *cd9660_boot_setup_section_head(char);
static struct boot_catalog_entry *cd9660_boot_setup_validation_entry(char);
#if 0
static u_char cd9660_boot_get_system_type(struct cd9660_boot_image *);
#endif

int
cd9660_add_boot_disk(const char *boot_info)
{
	struct stat stbuf;
	const char *mode_msg;
	char *temp;
	char *sysname;
	char *filename;
	struct cd9660_boot_image *new_image, *tmp_image;

	assert(boot_info != NULL);

	if (*boot_info == '\0') {
		warnx("Error: Boot disk information must be in the "
		      "format 'system;filename'");
		return 0;
	}

	/* First decode the boot information */
	if ((temp = strdup(boot_info)) == NULL) {
		warn("%s: strdup", __func__);
		return 0;
	}

	sysname = temp;
	filename = strchr(sysname, ';');
	if (filename == NULL) {
		warnx("supply boot disk information in the format "
		    "'system;filename'");
		free(temp);
		return 0;
	}

	*filename++ = '\0';

	if (diskStructure.verbose_level > 0) {
		printf("Found bootdisk with system %s, and filename %s\n",
		    sysname, filename);
	}
	if ((new_image = malloc(sizeof(*new_image))) == NULL) {
		warn("%s: malloc", __func__);
		free(temp);
		return 0;
	}
	(void)memset(new_image, 0, sizeof(*new_image));
	new_image->loadSegment = 0;	/* default for now */

	/* Decode System */
	if (strcmp(sysname, "i386") == 0)
		new_image->system = ET_SYS_X86;
	else if (strcmp(sysname, "powerpc") == 0)
		new_image->system = ET_SYS_PPC;
	else if (strcmp(sysname, "macppc") == 0 ||
	         strcmp(sysname, "mac68k") == 0)
		new_image->system = ET_SYS_MAC;
	else {
		warnx("boot disk system must be "
		      "i386, powerpc, macppc, or mac68k");
		free(temp);
		free(new_image);
		return 0;
	}


	if ((new_image->filename = strdup(filename)) == NULL) {
		warn("%s: strdup", __func__);
		free(temp);
		free(new_image);
		return 0;
	}

	free(temp);

	/* Get information about the file */
	if (lstat(new_image->filename, &stbuf) == -1)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: lstat(\"%s\")", __func__,
		    new_image->filename);

	switch (stbuf.st_size) {
	case 1440 * 1024:
		new_image->targetMode = ET_MEDIA_144FDD;
		mode_msg = "Assigned boot image to 1.44 emulation mode";
		break;
	case 1200 * 1024:
		new_image->targetMode = ET_MEDIA_12FDD;
		mode_msg = "Assigned boot image to 1.2 emulation mode";
		break;
	case 2880 * 1024:
		new_image->targetMode = ET_MEDIA_288FDD;
		mode_msg = "Assigned boot image to 2.88 emulation mode";
		break;
	default:
		new_image->targetMode = ET_MEDIA_NOEM;
		mode_msg = "Assigned boot image to no emulation mode";
		break;
	}

	if (diskStructure.verbose_level > 0)
		printf("%s\n", mode_msg);

	new_image->size = stbuf.st_size;
	new_image->num_sectors =
	    howmany(new_image->size, diskStructure.sectorSize) *
	    howmany(diskStructure.sectorSize, 512);
	if (diskStructure.verbose_level > 0) {
		printf("New image has size %d, uses %d 512-byte sectors\n",
		    new_image->size, new_image->num_sectors);
	}
	new_image->sector = -1;
	/* Bootable by default */
	new_image->bootable = ET_BOOTABLE;
	/* Add boot disk */

	/* Group images for the same platform together. */
	TAILQ_FOREACH(tmp_image, &diskStructure.boot_images, image_list) {
		if (tmp_image->system != new_image->system)
			break;
	}

	if (tmp_image == NULL) {
		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&diskStructure.boot_images, new_image,
		    image_list);
	} else
		TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(tmp_image, new_image, image_list);

	new_image->serialno = diskStructure.image_serialno++;

	/* TODO : Need to do anything about the boot image in the tree? */
	diskStructure.is_bootable = 1;

	return 1;
}

int
cd9660_eltorito_add_boot_option(const char *option_string, const char *value)
{
	char *eptr;
	struct cd9660_boot_image *image;

	assert(option_string != NULL);

	/* Find the last image added */
	TAILQ_FOREACH(image, &diskStructure.boot_images, image_list) {
		if (image->serialno + 1 == diskStructure.image_serialno)
			break;
	}
	if (image == NULL)
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Attempted to add boot option, "
		    "but no boot images have been specified");

	if (strcmp(option_string, "no-emul-boot") == 0) {
		image->targetMode = ET_MEDIA_NOEM;
	} else if (strcmp(option_string, "no-boot") == 0) {
		image->bootable = ET_NOT_BOOTABLE;
	} else if (strcmp(option_string, "hard-disk-boot") == 0) {
		image->targetMode = ET_MEDIA_HDD;
	} else if (strcmp(option_string, "boot-load-segment") == 0) {
		image->loadSegment = strtoul(value, &eptr, 16);
		if (eptr == value || *eptr != '\0' || errno != ERANGE) {
			warn("%s: strtoul", __func__);
			return 0;
		}
	} else {
		return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}

static struct boot_catalog_entry *
cd9660_init_boot_catalog_entry(void)
{
	struct boot_catalog_entry *temp;

	if ((temp = malloc(sizeof(*temp))) == NULL)
		return NULL;

	return memset(temp, 0, sizeof(*temp));
}

static struct boot_catalog_entry *
cd9660_boot_setup_validation_entry(char sys)
{
	struct boot_catalog_entry *entry;
	boot_catalog_validation_entry *ve;
	int16_t checksum;
	unsigned char *csptr;
	int i;
	entry = cd9660_init_boot_catalog_entry();

	if (entry == NULL) {
		warnx("Error: memory allocation failed in "
		      "cd9660_boot_setup_validation_entry");
		return 0;
	}
	ve = &entry->entry_data.VE;

	ve->header_id[0] = 1;
	ve->platform_id[0] = sys;
	ve->key[0] = 0x55;
	ve->key[1] = 0xAA;

	/* Calculate checksum */
	checksum = 0;
	cd9660_721(0, ve->checksum);
	csptr = (unsigned char*)ve;
	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(*ve); i += 2) {
		checksum += (int16_t)csptr[i];
		checksum += 256 * (int16_t)csptr[i + 1];
	}
	checksum = -checksum;
	cd9660_721(checksum, ve->checksum);

        ELTORITO_DPRINTF(("%s: header_id %d, platform_id %d, key[0] %d, key[1] %d, "
	    "checksum %04x\n", __func__, ve->header_id[0], ve->platform_id[0],
	    ve->key[0], ve->key[1], checksum));
	return entry;
}

static struct boot_catalog_entry *
cd9660_boot_setup_default_entry(struct cd9660_boot_image *disk)
{
	struct boot_catalog_entry *default_entry;
	boot_catalog_initial_entry *ie;

	default_entry = cd9660_init_boot_catalog_entry();
	if (default_entry == NULL)
		return NULL;

	ie = &default_entry->entry_data.IE;

	ie->boot_indicator[0] = disk->bootable;
	ie->media_type[0] = disk->targetMode;
	cd9660_721(disk->loadSegment, ie->load_segment);
	ie->system_type[0] = disk->system;
	cd9660_721(disk->num_sectors, ie->sector_count);
	cd9660_731(disk->sector, ie->load_rba);

	ELTORITO_DPRINTF(("%s: boot indicator %d, media type %d, "
	    "load segment %04x, system type %d, sector count %d, "
	    "load rba %d\n", __func__, ie->boot_indicator[0],
	    ie->media_type[0], disk->loadSegment, ie->system_type[0],
	    disk->num_sectors, disk->sector));
	return default_entry;
}

static struct boot_catalog_entry *
cd9660_boot_setup_section_head(char platform)
{
	struct boot_catalog_entry *entry;
	boot_catalog_section_header *sh;

	entry = cd9660_init_boot_catalog_entry();
	if (entry == NULL)
		return NULL;

	sh = &entry->entry_data.SH;
	/* More by default. The last one will manually be set to 0x91 */
	sh->header_indicator[0] = ET_SECTION_HEADER_MORE;
	sh->platform_id[0] = platform;
	sh->num_section_entries[0] = 0;
	return entry;
}

static struct boot_catalog_entry *
cd9660_boot_setup_section_entry(struct cd9660_boot_image *disk)
{
	struct boot_catalog_entry *entry;
	boot_catalog_section_entry *se;
	if ((entry = cd9660_init_boot_catalog_entry()) == NULL)
		return NULL;

	se = &entry->entry_data.SE;

	se->boot_indicator[0] = ET_BOOTABLE;
	se->media_type[0] = disk->targetMode;
	cd9660_721(disk->loadSegment, se->load_segment);
	cd9660_721(disk->num_sectors, se->sector_count);
	cd9660_731(disk->sector, se->load_rba);
	return entry;
}

#if 0
static u_char
cd9660_boot_get_system_type(struct cd9660_boot_image *disk)
{
	/*
		For hard drive booting, we need to examine the MBR to figure
		out what the partition type is
	*/
	return 0;
}
#endif

/*
 * Set up the BVD, Boot catalog, and the boot entries, but do no writing
 */
int
cd9660_setup_boot(int first_sector)
{
	int sector;
	int used_sectors;
	int num_entries = 0;
	int catalog_sectors;
	struct boot_catalog_entry *x86_head, *mac_head, *ppc_head,
		*valid_entry, *default_entry, *temp, *head, **headp, *next;
	struct cd9660_boot_image *tmp_disk;

	headp = NULL;
	x86_head = mac_head = ppc_head = NULL;

	/* If there are no boot disks, don't bother building boot information */
	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&diskStructure.boot_images))
		return 0;

	/* Point to catalog: For now assume it consumes one sector */
	ELTORITO_DPRINTF(("Boot catalog will go in sector %d\n", first_sector));
	diskStructure.boot_catalog_sector = first_sector;
	cd9660_bothendian_dword(first_sector,
		diskStructure.boot_descriptor->boot_catalog_pointer);

	/* Step 1: Generate boot catalog */
	/* Step 1a: Validation entry */
	valid_entry = cd9660_boot_setup_validation_entry(ET_SYS_X86);
	if (valid_entry == NULL)
		return -1;

	/*
	 * Count how many boot images there are,
	 * and how many sectors they consume.
	 */
	num_entries = 1;
	used_sectors = 0;

	TAILQ_FOREACH(tmp_disk, &diskStructure.boot_images, image_list) {
		used_sectors += tmp_disk->num_sectors;

		/* One default entry per image */
		num_entries++;
	}
	catalog_sectors = howmany(num_entries * 0x20, diskStructure.sectorSize);
	used_sectors += catalog_sectors;

	if (diskStructure.verbose_level > 0) {
		printf("%s: there will be %i entries consuming %i sectors. "
		       "Catalog is %i sectors\n", __func__, num_entries,
		       used_sectors, catalog_sectors);
	}

	/* Populate sector numbers */
	sector = first_sector + catalog_sectors;
	TAILQ_FOREACH(tmp_disk, &diskStructure.boot_images, image_list) {
		tmp_disk->sector = sector;
		sector += tmp_disk->num_sectors;
	}

	LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&diskStructure.boot_entries, valid_entry, ll_struct);

	/* Step 1b: Initial/default entry */
	/* TODO : PARAM */
	tmp_disk = TAILQ_FIRST(&diskStructure.boot_images);
	default_entry = cd9660_boot_setup_default_entry(tmp_disk);
	if (default_entry == NULL) {
		warnx("Error: memory allocation failed in cd9660_setup_boot");
		return -1;
	}

	LIST_INSERT_AFTER(valid_entry, default_entry, ll_struct);

	/* Todo: multiple default entries? */

	tmp_disk = TAILQ_NEXT(tmp_disk, image_list);

	temp = default_entry;

	/* If multiple boot images are given : */
	while (tmp_disk != NULL) {
		/* Step 2: Section header */
		switch (tmp_disk->system) {
		case ET_SYS_X86:
			headp = &x86_head;
			break;
		case ET_SYS_PPC:
			headp = &ppc_head;
			break;
		case ET_SYS_MAC:
			headp = &mac_head;
			break;
		default:
			warnx("%s: internal error: unknown system type",
			    __func__);
			return -1;
		}

		if (*headp == NULL) {
			head =
			    cd9660_boot_setup_section_head(tmp_disk->system);
			if (head == NULL) {
				warnx("Error: memory allocation failed in "
				      "cd9660_setup_boot");
				return -1;
			}
			LIST_INSERT_AFTER(default_entry, head, ll_struct);
			*headp = head;
		} else
			head = *headp;

		head->entry_data.SH.num_section_entries[0]++;

		/* Step 2a: Section entry and extensions */
		temp = cd9660_boot_setup_section_entry(tmp_disk);
		if (temp == NULL) {
			warn("%s: cd9660_boot_setup_section_entry", __func__);
			return -1;
		}

		while ((next = LIST_NEXT(head, ll_struct)) != NULL &&
		       next->entry_type == ET_ENTRY_SE)
			head = next;

		LIST_INSERT_AFTER(head, temp, ll_struct);
		tmp_disk = TAILQ_NEXT(tmp_disk, image_list);
	}

	/* TODO: Remaining boot disks when implemented */

	return first_sector + used_sectors;
}

int
cd9660_setup_boot_volume_descriptor(volume_descriptor *bvd)
{
	boot_volume_descriptor *bvdData =
	    (boot_volume_descriptor*)bvd->volumeDescriptorData;

	bvdData->boot_record_indicator[0] = ISO_VOLUME_DESCRIPTOR_BOOT;
	memcpy(bvdData->identifier, ISO_VOLUME_DESCRIPTOR_STANDARD_ID, 5);
	bvdData->version[0] = 1;
	memcpy(bvdData->boot_system_identifier, ET_ID, 23);
	memcpy(bvdData->identifier, ISO_VOLUME_DESCRIPTOR_STANDARD_ID, 5);
	diskStructure.boot_descriptor =
	    (boot_volume_descriptor*) bvd->volumeDescriptorData;
	return 1;
}

static int
cd9660_write_mbr_partition_entry(FILE *fd, int idx, off_t sector_start,
    off_t nsectors, int type)
{
	uint8_t val;
	uint32_t lba;

	if (fseeko(fd, (off_t)(idx) * 16 + 0x1be, SEEK_SET) == -1)
		err(1, "fseeko");
	
	val = 0x80; /* Bootable */
	fwrite(&val, sizeof(val), 1, fd);

	val = 0xff; /* CHS begin */
	fwrite(&val, sizeof(val), 1, fd);
	fwrite(&val, sizeof(val), 1, fd);
	fwrite(&val, sizeof(val), 1, fd);

	val = type; /* Part type */
	fwrite(&val, sizeof(val), 1, fd);

	val = 0xff; /* CHS end */
	fwrite(&val, sizeof(val), 1, fd);
	fwrite(&val, sizeof(val), 1, fd);
	fwrite(&val, sizeof(val), 1, fd);

	/* LBA extent */
	lba = htole32(sector_start);
	fwrite(&lba, sizeof(lba), 1, fd);
	lba = htole32(nsectors);
	fwrite(&lba, sizeof(lba), 1, fd);

	return 0;
}

static int
cd9660_write_apm_partition_entry(FILE *fd, int idx, int total_partitions,
    off_t sector_start, off_t nsectors, off_t sector_size,
    const char *part_name, const char *part_type)
{
	uint32_t apm32;
	uint16_t apm16;

	if (fseeko(fd, (off_t)(idx + 1) * sector_size, SEEK_SET) == -1)
		err(1, "fseeko");

	/* Signature */
	apm16 = htobe16(0x504d);
	fwrite(&apm16, sizeof(apm16), 1, fd);
	apm16 = 0;
	fwrite(&apm16, sizeof(apm16), 1, fd);

	/* Total number of partitions */
	apm32 = htobe32(total_partitions);
	fwrite(&apm32, sizeof(apm32), 1, fd);
	/* Bounds */
	apm32 = htobe32(sector_start);
	fwrite(&apm32, sizeof(apm32), 1, fd);
	apm32 = htobe32(nsectors);
	fwrite(&apm32, sizeof(apm32), 1, fd);

	fwrite(part_name, strlen(part_name) + 1, 1, fd);
	fseek(fd, 32 - strlen(part_name) - 1, SEEK_CUR);
	fwrite(part_type, strlen(part_type) + 1, 1, fd);

	return 0;
}

int
cd9660_write_boot(FILE *fd)
{
	struct boot_catalog_entry *e;
	struct cd9660_boot_image *t;
	int apm_partitions = 0;
	int mbr_partitions = 0;

	/* write boot catalog */
	if (fseeko(fd, (off_t)diskStructure.boot_catalog_sector *
	    diskStructure.sectorSize, SEEK_SET) == -1)
		err(1, "fseeko");

	if (diskStructure.verbose_level > 0) {
		printf("Writing boot catalog to sector %" PRId64 "\n",
		    diskStructure.boot_catalog_sector);
	}
	LIST_FOREACH(e, &diskStructure.boot_entries, ll_struct) {
		if (diskStructure.verbose_level > 0) {
			printf("Writing catalog entry of type %d\n",
			    e->entry_type);
		}
		/*
		 * It doesnt matter which one gets written
		 * since they are the same size
		 */
		fwrite(&(e->entry_data.VE), 1, 32, fd);
	}
	if (diskStructure.verbose_level > 0)
		printf("Finished writing boot catalog\n");

	/* copy boot images */
	TAILQ_FOREACH(t, &diskStructure.boot_images, image_list) {
		if (diskStructure.verbose_level > 0) {
			printf("Writing boot image from %s to sectors %d\n",
			    t->filename, t->sector);
		}
		cd9660_copy_file(fd, t->sector, t->filename);

		if (t->system == ET_SYS_MAC) 
			apm_partitions++;
		if (t->system == ET_SYS_PPC) 
			mbr_partitions++;
	}

	/* some systems need partition tables as well */
	if (mbr_partitions > 0 || diskStructure.chrp_boot) {
		uint16_t sig;

		fseek(fd, 0x1fe, SEEK_SET);
		sig = htole16(0xaa55);
		fwrite(&sig, sizeof(sig), 1, fd);

		mbr_partitions = 0;

		/* Write ISO9660 descriptor, enclosing the whole disk */
		if (diskStructure.chrp_boot)
			cd9660_write_mbr_partition_entry(fd, mbr_partitions++,
			    0, diskStructure.totalSectors *
			    (diskStructure.sectorSize / 512), 0x96);

		/* Write all partition entries */
		TAILQ_FOREACH(t, &diskStructure.boot_images, image_list) {
			if (t->system != ET_SYS_PPC)
				continue;
			cd9660_write_mbr_partition_entry(fd, mbr_partitions++,
			    t->sector * (diskStructure.sectorSize / 512),
			    t->num_sectors * (diskStructure.sectorSize / 512),
			    0x41 /* PReP Boot */);
		}
	}

	if (apm_partitions > 0) {
		/* Write DDR and global APM info */
		uint32_t apm32;
		uint16_t apm16;
		int total_parts;

		fseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
		apm16 = htobe16(0x4552);
		fwrite(&apm16, sizeof(apm16), 1, fd);
		/* Device block size */
		apm16 = htobe16(512);
		fwrite(&apm16, sizeof(apm16), 1, fd);
		/* Device block count */
		apm32 = htobe32(diskStructure.totalSectors *
		    (diskStructure.sectorSize / 512));
		fwrite(&apm32, sizeof(apm32), 1, fd);
		/* Device type/id */
		apm16 = htobe16(1);
		fwrite(&apm16, sizeof(apm16), 1, fd);
		fwrite(&apm16, sizeof(apm16), 1, fd);

		/* Count total needed entries */
		total_parts = 2 + apm_partitions; /* Self + ISO9660 */

		/* Write self-descriptor */
		cd9660_write_apm_partition_entry(fd, 0, total_parts, 1,
		    total_parts, 512, "Apple", "Apple_partition_map");

		/* Write ISO9660 descriptor, enclosing the whole disk */
		cd9660_write_apm_partition_entry(fd, 1, total_parts, 0,
		    diskStructure.totalSectors *
		    (diskStructure.sectorSize / 512), 512, "ISO9660",
		    "CD_ROM_Mode_1");

		/* Write all partition entries */
		apm_partitions = 0;
		TAILQ_FOREACH(t, &diskStructure.boot_images, image_list) {
			if (t->system != ET_SYS_MAC)
				continue;

			cd9660_write_apm_partition_entry(fd,
			    2 + apm_partitions++, total_parts,
			    t->sector * (diskStructure.sectorSize / 512),
			    t->num_sectors * (diskStructure.sectorSize / 512),
			    512, "CD Boot", "Apple_Bootstrap");
		}
	}

	return 0;
}