Annotation of src/usr.bin/make/make.1, Revision 1.79
1.79 ! wiz 1: .\" $NetBSD: make.1,v 1.78 2003/05/23 17:25:10 christos Exp $
1.15 thorpej 2: .\"
1.16 christos 3: .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
4: .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
1.1 cgd 5: .\"
6: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8: .\" are met:
9: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11: .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13: .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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15: .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
16: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
17: .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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24: .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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1.16 christos 34: .\" from: @(#)make.1 8.4 (Berkeley) 3/19/94
1.1 cgd 35: .\"
1.79 ! wiz 36: .Dd May 23, 2003
1.1 cgd 37: .Dt MAKE 1
38: .Os
39: .Sh NAME
40: .Nm make
41: .Nd maintain program dependencies
42: .Sh SYNOPSIS
1.74 wiz 43: .Nm
1.75 thorpej 44: .Op Fl BeikNnqrstWX
1.30 mycroft 45: .Bk -words
1.1 cgd 46: .Op Fl D Ar variable
1.30 mycroft 47: .Ek
48: .Bk -words
1.1 cgd 49: .Op Fl d Ar flags
1.30 mycroft 50: .Ek
51: .Bk -words
1.1 cgd 52: .Op Fl f Ar makefile
1.30 mycroft 53: .Ek
54: .Bk -words
1.1 cgd 55: .Op Fl I Ar directory
1.30 mycroft 56: .Ek
1.1 cgd 57: .Bk -words
58: .Op Fl j Ar max_jobs
1.30 mycroft 59: .Ek
60: .Bk -words
1.44 sommerfe 61: .Op Fl J Ar private
62: .Ek
63: .Bk -words
1.13 christos 64: .Op Fl m Ar directory
1.1 cgd 65: .Ek
1.30 mycroft 66: .Bk -words
1.44 sommerfe 67: .Op Fl T Ar file
68: .Ek
69: .Bk -words
1.16 christos 70: .Op Fl V Ar variable
1.30 mycroft 71: .Ek
1.1 cgd 72: .Op Ar variable=value
1.30 mycroft 73: .Bk -words
1.1 cgd 74: .Op Ar target ...
1.30 mycroft 75: .Ek
1.1 cgd 76: .Sh DESCRIPTION
1.25 lukem 77: .Nm
1.1 cgd 78: is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other programs.
79: Its input is a list of specifications as to the files upon which programs
80: and other files depend.
81: If the file
82: .Ql Pa makefile
83: exists, it is read for this list of specifications.
84: If it does not exist, the file
85: .Ql Pa Makefile
86: is read.
87: If the file
88: .Ql Pa .depend
89: exists, it is read (see
1.66 wiz 90: .Xr mkdep 1 ) .
1.1 cgd 91: .Pp
92: This manual page is intended as a reference document only.
93: For a more thorough description of
1.25 lukem 94: .Nm
1.1 cgd 95: and makefiles, please refer to
96: .%T "Make \- A Tutorial" .
97: .Pp
98: The options are as follows:
99: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.16 christos 100: .It Fl B
1.10 christos 101: Try to be backwards compatible by executing a single shell per command and
102: by executing the commands to make the sources of a dependency line in sequence.
1.1 cgd 103: .It Fl D Ar variable
1.8 christos 104: Define
105: .Ar variable
1.1 cgd 106: to be 1, in the global context.
107: .It Fl d Ar flags
108: Turn on debugging, and specify which portions of
1.25 lukem 109: .Nm
1.1 cgd 110: are to print debugging information.
111: .Ar Flags
112: is one or more of the following:
113: .Bl -tag -width Ds
114: .It Ar A
115: Print all possible debugging information;
116: equivalent to specifying all of the debugging flags.
117: .It Ar a
118: Print debugging information about archive searching and caching.
119: .It Ar c
120: Print debugging information about conditional evaluation.
121: .It Ar d
122: Print debugging information about directory searching and caching.
123: .It Ar "g1"
124: Print the input graph before making anything.
125: .It Ar "g2"
126: Print the input graph after making everything, or before exiting
127: on error.
128: .It Ar j
129: Print debugging information about running multiple shells.
130: .It Ar m
131: Print debugging information about making targets, including modification
132: dates.
133: .It Ar s
134: Print debugging information about suffix-transformation rules.
135: .It Ar t
136: Print debugging information about target list maintenance.
137: .It Ar v
138: Print debugging information about variable assignment.
1.49 sjg 139: .It Ar x
1.57 wiz 140: Run shell commands with
141: .Fl x
142: so the actual commands are printed as they are executed.
1.1 cgd 143: .El
144: .It Fl e
1.68 perry 145: Specify that environment variables override macro assignments within
1.1 cgd 146: makefiles.
147: .It Fl f Ar makefile
148: Specify a makefile to read instead of the default
149: .Ql Pa makefile
150: and
151: If
152: .Ar makefile
153: is
154: .Ql Fl ,
155: standard input is read.
156: Multiple makefile's may be specified, and are read in the order specified.
157: .It Fl I Ar directory
158: Specify a directory in which to search for makefiles and included makefiles.
1.13 christos 159: The system makefile directory (or directories, see the
160: .Fl m
161: option) is automatically included as part of this list.
1.1 cgd 162: .It Fl i
163: Ignore non-zero exit of shell commands in the makefile.
164: Equivalent to specifying
165: .Ql Fl
166: before each command line in the makefile.
1.44 sommerfe 167: .It Fl J Ar private
168: This option should
169: .Em not
170: be specified by the user.
171: .Pp
172: When the
173: .Ar j
174: option is in use in a recursive build, this option is passed by a make
175: to child makes to allow all the make processes in the build to
176: cooperate to avoid overloading the system.
1.1 cgd 177: .It Fl j Ar max_jobs
178: Specify the maximum number of jobs that
1.25 lukem 179: .Nm
1.67 grant 180: may have running at any one time.
181: Turns compatibility mode off, unless the
1.11 christos 182: .Ar B
183: flag is also specified.
1.1 cgd 184: .It Fl k
185: Continue processing after errors are encountered, but only on those targets
186: that do not depend on the target whose creation caused the error.
1.13 christos 187: .It Fl m Ar directory
188: Specify a directory in which to search for sys.mk and makefiles included
1.67 grant 189: via the \*[Lt]...\*[Gt] style.
190: Multiple directories can be added to form a search path.
1.13 christos 191: This path will override the default system include path: /usr/share/mk.
192: Furthermore the system include path will be appended to the search path used
193: for "..."-style inclusions (see the
194: .Fl I
195: option).
1.1 cgd 196: .It Fl n
1.45 sommerfe 197: Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not
198: actually execute them unless the target depends on the .MAKE special
1.64 wiz 199: source (see below).
1.45 sommerfe 200: .It Fl N
201: Display the commands which would have been executed, but do not
202: actually execute any of them; useful for debugging top-level makefiles
203: without descending into subdirectories.
1.1 cgd 204: .It Fl q
205: Do not execute any commands, but exit 0 if the specified targets are
206: up-to-date and 1, otherwise.
207: .It Fl r
208: Do not use the built-in rules specified in the system makefile.
209: .It Fl s
210: Do not echo any commands as they are executed.
211: Equivalent to specifying
212: .Ql Ic @
213: before each command line in the makefile.
1.44 sommerfe 214: .It Fl T Ar tracefile
215: When used with the
1.48 wiz 216: .Fl j
1.44 sommerfe 217: flag,
218: append a trace record to
219: .Ar tracefile
220: for each job started and completed.
1.1 cgd 221: .It Fl t
222: Rather than re-building a target as specified in the makefile, create it
223: or update its modification time to make it appear up-to-date.
1.16 christos 224: .It Fl V Ar variable
225: Print
1.74 wiz 226: .Nm Ns 's
1.16 christos 227: idea of the value of
228: .Ar variable ,
229: in the global context.
230: Do not build any targets.
231: Multiple instances of this option may be specified;
232: the variables will be printed one per line,
233: with a blank line for each null or undefined variable.
1.46 christos 234: .It Fl W
235: Treat any warnings during makefile parsing as errors.
1.75 thorpej 236: .It Fl X
237: Don't export variables passed on the command line to the environment
238: individually.
239: Variables passed on the command line are still exported
240: via the
241: .Va MAKEFLAGS
242: environment variable.
243: This option may be useful on systems which have a small limit on the
244: size of command arguments.
1.1 cgd 245: .It Ar variable=value
246: Set the value of the variable
247: .Ar variable
248: to
249: .Ar value .
1.75 thorpej 250: Normally, all values passed on the command line are also exported to
251: sub-makes in the environment.
252: The
253: .Fl X
254: flag disables this behavior.
1.1 cgd 255: .El
256: .Pp
1.6 cgd 257: There are seven different types of lines in a makefile: file dependency
1.1 cgd 258: specifications, shell commands, variable assignments, include statements,
1.6 cgd 259: conditional directives, for loops, and comments.
1.1 cgd 260: .Pp
261: In general, lines may be continued from one line to the next by ending
262: them with a backslash
263: .Pq Ql \e .
264: The trailing newline character and initial whitespace on the following
265: line are compressed into a single space.
266: .Sh FILE DEPENDENCY SPECIFICATIONS
267: Dependency lines consist of one or more targets, an operator, and zero
268: or more sources.
269: This creates a relationship where the targets ``depend'' on the sources
270: and are usually created from them.
271: The exact relationship between the target and the source is determined
272: by the operator that separates them.
273: The three operators are as follows:
274: .Bl -tag -width flag
275: .It Ic \&:
276: A target is considered out-of-date if its modification time is less than
277: those of any of its sources.
278: Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
279: is used.
280: The target is removed if
1.25 lukem 281: .Nm
1.1 cgd 282: is interrupted.
283: .It Ic \&!
284: Targets are always re-created, but not until all sources have been
285: examined and re-created as necessary.
286: Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
287: is used.
288: The target is removed if
1.25 lukem 289: .Nm
1.1 cgd 290: is interrupted.
291: .It Ic \&::
292: If no sources are specified, the target is always re-created.
293: Otherwise, a target is considered out-of-date if any of its sources has
294: been modified more recently than the target.
295: Sources for a target do not accumulate over dependency lines when this
296: operator is used.
297: The target will not be removed if
1.25 lukem 298: .Nm
1.1 cgd 299: is interrupted.
300: .El
301: .Pp
302: Targets and sources may contain the shell wildcard values
303: .Ql ? ,
304: .Ql * ,
305: .Ql []
306: and
307: .Ql {} .
308: The values
309: .Ql ? ,
310: .Ql *
311: and
312: .Ql []
313: may only be used as part of the final
314: component of the target or source, and must be used to describe existing
315: files.
316: The value
317: .Ql {}
318: need not necessarily be used to describe existing files.
319: Expansion is in directory order, not alphabetically as done in the shell.
320: .Sh SHELL COMMANDS
321: Each target may have associated with it a series of shell commands, normally
322: used to create the target.
323: Each of the commands in this script
324: .Em must
325: be preceded by a tab.
326: While any target may appear on a dependency line, only one of these
327: dependencies may be followed by a creation script, unless the
328: .Ql Ic ::
329: operator is used.
330: .Pp
331: If the first or first two characters of the command line are
332: .Ql Ic @
333: and/or
334: .Ql Ic \- ,
335: the command is treated specially.
336: A
337: .Ql Ic @
338: causes the command not to be echoed before it is executed.
339: A
340: .Ql Ic \-
341: causes any non-zero exit status of the command line to be ignored.
342: .Sh VARIABLE ASSIGNMENTS
343: Variables in make are much like variables in the shell, and, by tradition,
344: consist of all upper-case letters.
345: The five operators that can be used to assign values to variables are as
346: follows:
347: .Bl -tag -width Ds
348: .It Ic \&=
349: Assign the value to the variable.
350: Any previous value is overridden.
351: .It Ic \&+=
352: Append the value to the current value of the variable.
353: .It Ic \&?=
354: Assign the value to the variable if it is not already defined.
355: .It Ic \&:=
356: Assign with expansion, i.e. expand the value before assigning it
357: to the variable.
358: Normally, expansion is not done until the variable is referenced.
359: .It Ic \&!=
360: Expand the value and pass it to the shell for execution and assign
361: the result to the variable.
362: Any newlines in the result are replaced with spaces.
363: .El
364: .Pp
365: Any white-space before the assigned
366: .Ar value
367: is removed; if the value is being appended, a single space is inserted
368: between the previous contents of the variable and the appended value.
369: .Pp
370: Variables are expanded by surrounding the variable name with either
371: curly braces
372: .Pq Ql {}
1.7 mycroft 373: or parentheses
1.1 cgd 374: .Pq Ql ()
375: and preceding it with
376: a dollar sign
377: .Pq Ql \&$ .
378: If the variable name contains only a single letter, the surrounding
1.7 mycroft 379: braces or parentheses are not required.
1.1 cgd 380: This shorter form is not recommended.
381: .Pp
382: Variable substitution occurs at two distinct times, depending on where
383: the variable is being used.
384: Variables in dependency lines are expanded as the line is read.
385: Variables in shell commands are expanded when the shell command is
386: executed.
387: .Pp
388: The four different classes of variables (in order of increasing precedence)
389: are:
390: .Bl -tag -width Ds
391: .It Environment variables
392: Variables defined as part of
1.74 wiz 393: .Nm Ns 's
1.1 cgd 394: environment.
395: .It Global variables
396: Variables defined in the makefile or in included makefiles.
397: .It Command line variables
398: Variables defined as part of the command line.
399: .It Local variables
400: Variables that are defined specific to a certain target.
401: The seven local variables are as follows:
402: .Bl -tag -width ".ARCHIVE"
403: .It Va .ALLSRC
404: The list of all sources for this target; also known as
1.62 ross 405: .Ql Va \&\*[Gt] .
1.1 cgd 406: .It Va .ARCHIVE
407: The name of the archive file.
408: .It Va .IMPSRC
409: The name/path of the source from which the target is to be transformed
410: (the ``implied'' source); also known as
1.62 ross 411: .Ql Va \&\*[Lt] .
1.1 cgd 412: .It Va .MEMBER
413: The name of the archive member.
414: .It Va .OODATE
415: The list of sources for this target that were deemed out-of-date; also
416: known as
417: .Ql Va \&? .
418: .It Va .PREFIX
419: The file prefix of the file, containing only the file portion, no suffix
420: or preceding directory components; also known as
421: .Ql Va * .
422: .It Va .TARGET
423: The name of the target; also known as
424: .Ql Va @ .
425: .El
426: .Pp
427: The shorter forms
428: .Ql Va @ ,
429: .Ql Va ? ,
1.65 christos 430: .Ql Va \&\*[Lt] ,
431: .Ql Va \&\*[Gt] ,
1.1 cgd 432: and
433: .Ql Va *
434: are permitted for backward
435: compatibility with historical makefiles and are not recommended.
436: The six variables
437: .Ql Va "@F" ,
438: .Ql Va "@D" ,
1.62 ross 439: .Ql Va "\*[Lt]F" ,
440: .Ql Va "\*[Lt]D" ,
1.66 wiz 441: .Ql Va "*F" ,
1.1 cgd 442: and
443: .Ql Va "*D"
1.66 wiz 444: are permitted for compatibility with
1.1 cgd 445: .At V
446: makefiles and are not recommended.
447: .Pp
448: Four of the local variables may be used in sources on dependency lines
449: because they expand to the proper value for each target on the line.
450: These variables are
451: .Ql Va .TARGET ,
452: .Ql Va .PREFIX ,
453: .Ql Va .ARCHIVE ,
454: and
455: .Ql Va .MEMBER .
1.59 bgrayson 456: .El
1.1 cgd 457: .Pp
458: In addition,
1.25 lukem 459: .Nm
1.1 cgd 460: sets or knows about the following variables:
1.50 sjg 461: .Bl -tag -width .MAKEOVERRIDES
1.1 cgd 462: .It Va \&$
463: A single dollar sign
464: .Ql \&$ ,
465: i.e.
466: .Ql \&$$
467: expands to a single dollar
468: sign.
1.22 pk 469: .Pq Va argv[0]
1.56 tv 470: .It Va .ALLTARGETS
1.67 grant 471: The list of all targets encountered in the Makefile.
472: If evaluated during
1.56 tv 473: Makefile parsing, lists only those targets encountered thus far.
1.1 cgd 474: .It Va .CURDIR
475: A path to the directory where
1.25 lukem 476: .Nm
1.1 cgd 477: was executed.
1.78 christos 478: .It Ev MAKE
1.55 tv 479: The name that
480: .Nm
1.79 ! wiz 481: was executed with.
! 482: For compatibily
1.78 christos 483: .Nm
484: also sets
485: .Va .MAKE
486: with the same value.
487: The preferred variable to use is
488: .Ev MAKE
489: because it is more compatible with other versions of
490: .Nm
491: and cannot be confused with the special target with the same name.
1.1 cgd 492: .It Ev MAKEFLAGS
493: The environment variable
494: .Ql Ev MAKEFLAGS
495: may contain anything that
496: may be specified on
1.74 wiz 497: .Nm Ns 's
1.1 cgd 498: command line.
499: Anything specified on
1.74 wiz 500: .Nm Ns 's
1.1 cgd 501: command line is appended to the
502: .Ql Ev MAKEFLAGS
503: variable which is then
504: entered into the environment for all programs which
1.25 lukem 505: .Nm
1.1 cgd 506: executes.
1.50 sjg 507: .It Va .MAKEOVERRIDES
1.57 wiz 508: This variable is used to record the names of variables assigned to
509: on the command line, so that they may be exported as part of
1.50 sjg 510: .Ql Ev MAKEFLAGS .
1.57 wiz 511: This behaviour can be disabled by assigning an empty value to
1.50 sjg 512: .Ql Va .MAKEOVERRIDES
1.67 grant 513: within a makefile.
514: Extra variables can be exported from a makefile
1.57 wiz 515: by appending their names to
1.51 sjg 516: .Ql Va .MAKEOVERRIDES .
517: .Ql Ev MAKEFLAGS
1.57 wiz 518: is re-exported whenever
1.51 sjg 519: .Ql Va .MAKEOVERRIDES
520: is modified.
1.55 tv 521: .It Va MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR
1.57 wiz 522: When
1.55 tv 523: .Nm
524: stops due to an error, it prints its name and the value of
525: .Ql Va .CURDIR
1.57 wiz 526: as well as the value of any variables named in
1.55 tv 527: .Ql Va MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR .
528: .It Va .newline
529: This variable is simply assigned a newline character as its value.
530: This allows expansions using the :@ modifier to put a newline between
1.67 grant 531: iterations of the loop rather than a space.
532: For example, the printing of
1.55 tv 533: .Ql Va MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR
534: could be done as ${MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR:@v@$v='${$v}'${.newline}@}.
535: .It Va .OBJDIR
536: A path to the directory where the targets are built.
537: .It Va .PARSEDIR
538: A path to the directory of the current
539: .Ql Pa Makefile
540: being parsed.
541: .It Va .PARSEFILE
542: The basename of the current
543: .Ql Pa Makefile
544: being parsed.
545: This variable and
546: .Ql Va .PARSEDIR
547: are both set only while the
548: .Ql Pa Makefiles
549: are being parsed.
1.69 sjg 550: .It Va .PATH
1.70 wiz 551: A variable that represents the list of directories that
1.69 sjg 552: .Nm
1.70 wiz 553: will search for files.
554: The search list should be updated using the target
1.69 sjg 555: .Ql Va .PATH
556: rather than the variable.
1.16 christos 557: .It Ev PWD
558: Alternate path to the current directory.
1.25 lukem 559: .Nm
1.16 christos 560: normally sets
561: .Ql Va .CURDIR
562: to the canonical path given by
1.48 wiz 563: .Xr getcwd 3 .
1.16 christos 564: However, if the environment variable
565: .Ql Ev PWD
566: is set and gives a path to the current directory, then
1.25 lukem 567: .Nm
1.16 christos 568: sets
569: .Ql Va .CURDIR
570: to the value of
571: .Ql Ev PWD
1.67 grant 572: instead.
573: This behaviour is disabled if
1.40 sjg 574: .Ql Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
575: is set.
1.16 christos 576: .Ql Ev PWD
577: is set to the value of
578: .Ql Va .OBJDIR
579: for all programs which
1.25 lukem 580: .Nm
1.16 christos 581: executes.
1.1 cgd 582: .El
583: .Pp
584: Variable expansion may be modified to select or modify each word of the
585: variable (where a ``word'' is white-space delimited sequence of characters).
586: The general format of a variable expansion is as follows:
587: .Pp
588: .Dl {variable[:modifier[:...]]}
589: .Pp
590: Each modifier begins with a colon and one of the following
591: special characters.
592: The colon may be escaped with a backslash
593: .Pq Ql \e .
1.61 ross 594: .Bl -tag -width EEE
1.1 cgd 595: .It Cm E
596: Replaces each word in the variable with its suffix.
597: .It Cm H
598: Replaces each word in the variable with everything but the last component.
599: .It Cm M Ns Ar pattern
1.72 uebayasi 600: Select only those words that match
601: .Ar pattern .
1.1 cgd 602: The standard shell wildcard characters
603: .Pf ( Ql * ,
604: .Ql ? ,
605: and
606: .Ql Op )
607: may
608: be used.
609: The wildcard characters may be escaped with a backslash
610: .Pq Ql \e .
611: .It Cm N Ns Ar pattern
612: This is identical to
613: .Ql Cm M ,
614: but selects all words which do not match
1.72 uebayasi 615: .Ar pattern .
1.36 christos 616: .It Cm O
617: Order every word in variable alphabetically.
1.17 christos 618: .It Cm Q
619: Quotes every shell meta-character in the variable, so that it can be passed
620: safely through recursive invocations of
1.74 wiz 621: .Nm .
1.1 cgd 622: .It Cm R
623: Replaces each word in the variable with everything but its suffix.
1.60 pk 624: .It Cm tl
625: Converts variable to lower-case letters.
626: .It Cm tu
627: Converts variable to upper-case letters.
1.1 cgd 628: .Sm off
1.17 christos 629: .It Cm S No \&/ Ar old_string Xo
630: .No \&/ Ar new_string
631: .No \&/ Op Cm 1g
1.1 cgd 632: .Xc
633: .Sm on
634: Modify the first occurrence of
1.17 christos 635: .Ar old_string
636: in the variable's value, replacing it with
637: .Ar new_string .
1.1 cgd 638: If a
639: .Ql g
640: is appended to the last slash of the pattern, all occurrences
641: in each word are replaced.
1.17 christos 642: If a
643: .Ql 1
644: is appended to the last slash of the pattern, only the first word
645: is affected.
1.1 cgd 646: If
1.17 christos 647: .Ar old_string
648: begins with a caret
1.1 cgd 649: .Pq Ql ^ ,
1.17 christos 650: .Ar old_string
1.1 cgd 651: is anchored at the beginning of each word.
652: If
1.17 christos 653: .Ar old_string
1.1 cgd 654: ends with a dollar sign
655: .Pq Ql \&$ ,
656: it is anchored at the end of each word.
657: Inside
658: .Ar new_string ,
659: an ampersand
1.62 ross 660: .Pq Ql \*[Am]
1.1 cgd 661: is replaced by
1.17 christos 662: .Ar old_string
663: (without any
664: .Ql ^
665: or
666: .Ql \&$ ) .
1.1 cgd 667: Any character may be used as a delimiter for the parts of the modifier
668: string.
669: The anchoring, ampersand and delimiter characters may be escaped with a
670: backslash
671: .Pq Ql \e .
672: .Pp
673: Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
674: .Ar old_string
675: and
676: .Ar new_string
677: with the single exception that a backslash is used to prevent the expansion
678: of a dollar sign
1.17 christos 679: .Pq Ql \&$ ,
1.1 cgd 680: not a preceding dollar sign as is usual.
1.17 christos 681: .Sm off
682: .It Cm C No \&/ Ar pattern Xo
683: .No \&/ Ar replacement
684: .No \&/ Op Cm 1g
685: .Xc
686: .Sm on
687: The
688: .Cm C
689: modifier is just like the
690: .Cm S
1.37 msaitoh 691: modifier except that the old and new strings, instead of being
1.17 christos 692: simple strings, are a regular expression (see
693: .Xr regex 3 )
1.72 uebayasi 694: string
695: .Ar pattern
1.17 christos 696: and an
697: .Xr ed 1 Ns \-style
1.72 uebayasi 698: string
699: .Ar replacement .
700: Normally, the first occurrence of the pattern
701: .Ar pattern
702: in each word of the value is substituted with
703: .Ar replacement .
1.67 grant 704: The
1.17 christos 705: .Ql 1
706: modifier causes the substitution to apply to at most one word; the
707: .Ql g
708: modifier causes the substitution to apply to as many instances of the
1.72 uebayasi 709: search pattern
710: .Ar pattern
711: as occur in the word or words it is found in.
1.67 grant 712: Note that
1.17 christos 713: .Ql 1
714: and
715: .Ql g
716: are orthogonal; the former specifies whether multiple words are
717: potentially affected, the latter whether multiple substitutions can
718: potentially occur within each affected word.
1.1 cgd 719: .It Cm T
720: Replaces each word in the variable with its last component.
1.43 christos 721: .It Cm u
722: Remove adjacent duplicate words (like
1.57 wiz 723: .Xr uniq 1 ) .
1.40 sjg 724: .It Cm ? Ar true_string Cm : Ar false_string
1.27 christos 725: If the variable evaluates to true, return as its value the
1.57 wiz 726: .Ar true_string ,
1.27 christos 727: otherwise return the
1.57 wiz 728: .Ar false_string .
1.1 cgd 729: .It Ar old_string=new_string
730: This is the
731: .At V
732: style variable substitution.
733: It must be the last modifier specified.
1.16 christos 734: If
1.6 cgd 735: .Ar old_string
736: or
737: .Ar new_string
738: do not contain the pattern matching character
739: .Ar %
1.16 christos 740: then it is assumed that they are
1.6 cgd 741: anchored at the end of each word, so only suffixes or entire
1.67 grant 742: words may be replaced.
743: Otherwise
1.6 cgd 744: .Ar %
1.16 christos 745: is the substring of
746: .Ar old_string
1.6 cgd 747: to be replaced in
1.64 wiz 748: .Ar new_string .
1.40 sjg 749: .It Cm @ Ar temp Cm @ Xo
1.48 wiz 750: .No Ar string Cm @
1.40 sjg 751: .Xc
752: This is the loop expansion mechanism from the OSF Development
1.67 grant 753: Environment (ODE) make.
754: Unlike
1.48 wiz 755: .Cm \&.for
1.40 sjg 756: loops expansion occurs at the time of
1.67 grant 757: reference.
758: Assign
1.40 sjg 759: .Ar temp
760: to each word in the variable and evaluate
761: .Ar string .
1.48 wiz 762: The ODE convention is that
1.40 sjg 763: .Ar temp
1.67 grant 764: should start and end with a period.
765: For example.
1.40 sjg 766: .Dl ${LINKS:@.LINK.@${LN} ${TARGET} ${.LINK.}@}
767: .It Cm U Ar newval
768: If the variable is undefined
769: .Ar newval
1.63 lukem 770: is the value.
771: If the variable is defined, the existing value is returned.
1.67 grant 772: This is another ODE make feature.
773: It is handy for setting per-target CFLAGS for instance:
1.40 sjg 774: .Dl ${_${.TARGET:T}_CFLAGS:U${DEF_CFLAGS}}
1.63 lukem 775: If a value is only required if the variable is undefined, use:
776: .Dl ${VAR:D:Unewval}
1.40 sjg 777: .It Cm D Ar newval
778: If the variable is defined
779: .Ar newval
780: is the value.
781: .It Cm L
782: The name of the variable is the value.
783: .It Cm P
784: The path of the node which has the same name as the variable
1.67 grant 785: is the value.
786: If no such node exists or its path is null, then the
1.40 sjg 787: name of the variable is used.
788: .It Cm ! Ar cmd Cm !
789: The output of running
790: .Ar cmd
791: is the value.
792: .It Cm sh
793: If the variable is non-empty it is run as a command and the output
794: becomes the new value.
1.42 sjg 795: .It Cm \&:= Ar str
1.48 wiz 796: The variable is assigned the value
1.41 sjg 797: .Ar str
1.67 grant 798: after substitution.
799: This modifier and its variations are useful in
1.48 wiz 800: obscure situations such as wanting to apply modifiers to
1.41 sjg 801: .Cm \&.for
1.48 wiz 802: loop iteration variables which won't work due to the way
1.41 sjg 803: .Cm \&.for
1.67 grant 804: loops are implemented.
805: These assignment modifiers always expand to
1.41 sjg 806: nothing, so if appearing in a rule line by themselves should be
1.48 wiz 807: preceded with something to keep
1.41 sjg 808: .Nm
1.67 grant 809: happy.
810: As in:
1.41 sjg 811: .Bd -literal
812: use_foo: \&.USE
813: \&.for i in ${\&.TARGET} ${\&.TARGET:R}\&.gz
1.42 sjg 814: @: ${t::=$i}
1.41 sjg 815: @echo t:R:T=${t:R:T}
816: \&.endfor
817:
818: .Ed
1.42 sjg 819: The double
820: .Cm \&:
821: helps avoid false matches with the
822: .At V
1.48 wiz 823: style
1.42 sjg 824: .Cm \&=
1.48 wiz 825: modifier and since substitution always occurs the
1.42 sjg 826: .Cm \&:=
827: form is vaguely appropriate.
828: .It Cm \&:?= Ar str
1.41 sjg 829: As for
1.42 sjg 830: .Cm \&:=
1.41 sjg 831: but only if the variable does not already have a value.
1.42 sjg 832: .It Cm \&:+= Ar str
1.48 wiz 833: Append
1.41 sjg 834: .Ar str
835: to the variable.
1.42 sjg 836: .It Cm \&:!= Ar cmd
1.48 wiz 837: Assign the output of
1.41 sjg 838: .Ar cmd
839: to the variable.
1.6 cgd 840: .El
841: .Sh INCLUDE STATEMENTS, CONDITIONALS AND FOR LOOPS
1.16 christos 842: Makefile inclusion, conditional structures and for loops reminiscent
1.6 cgd 843: of the C programming language are provided in
1.74 wiz 844: .Nm .
1.1 cgd 845: All such structures are identified by a line beginning with a single
846: dot
847: .Pq Ql \&.
848: character.
849: Files are included with either
1.29 ross 850: .Cm \&.include Aq Ar file
1.1 cgd 851: or
1.29 ross 852: .Cm \&.include Pf \*q Ar file Ns \*q .
1.1 cgd 853: Variables between the angle brackets or double quotes are expanded
854: to form the file name.
855: If angle brackets are used, the included makefile is expected to be in
856: the system makefile directory.
857: If double quotes are used, the including makefile's directory and any
858: directories specified using the
859: .Fl I
860: option are searched before the system
861: makefile directory.
1.28 christos 862: For compatibility with other versions of
863: .Nm
864: .Ql include file ...
1.67 grant 865: is also accepted.
866: If the include statement is written as
1.29 ross 867: .Cm .-include
868: or as
869: .Cm .sinclude
1.28 christos 870: then errors locating and/or opening include files are ignored.
1.1 cgd 871: .Pp
872: Conditional expressions are also preceded by a single dot as the first
1.5 jtc 873: character of a line.
1.1 cgd 874: The possible conditionals are as follows:
875: .Bl -tag -width Ds
876: .It Ic .undef Ar variable
877: Un-define the specified global variable.
878: Only global variables may be un-defined.
879: .It Xo
880: .Ic \&.if
881: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar expression
882: .Op Ar operator expression ...
883: .Xc
884: Test the value of an expression.
885: .It Xo
886: .Ic .ifdef
887: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
888: .Op Ar operator variable ...
889: .Xc
1.7 mycroft 890: Test the value of a variable.
1.1 cgd 891: .It Xo
892: .Ic .ifndef
893: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
894: .Op Ar operator variable ...
895: .Xc
1.7 mycroft 896: Test the value of a variable.
1.1 cgd 897: .It Xo
898: .Ic .ifmake
899: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
900: .Op Ar operator target ...
901: .Xc
1.7 mycroft 902: Test the target being built.
1.1 cgd 903: .It Xo
904: .Ic .ifnmake
905: .Oo \&! Oc Ar target
906: .Op Ar operator target ...
907: .Xc
908: Test the target being built.
909: .It Ic .else
910: Reverse the sense of the last conditional.
911: .It Xo
912: .Ic .elif
913: .Oo \&! Oc Ar expression
914: .Op Ar operator expression ...
915: .Xc
916: A combination of
917: .Ql Ic .else
918: followed by
919: .Ql Ic .if .
920: .It Xo
921: .Ic .elifdef
922: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
923: .Op Ar operator variable ...
924: .Xc
925: A combination of
926: .Ql Ic .else
927: followed by
928: .Ql Ic .ifdef .
929: .It Xo
930: .Ic .elifndef
931: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
932: .Op Ar operator variable ...
933: .Xc
934: A combination of
935: .Ql Ic .else
936: followed by
937: .Ql Ic .ifndef .
938: .It Xo
939: .Ic .elifmake
940: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
941: .Op Ar operator target ...
942: .Xc
943: A combination of
944: .Ql Ic .else
945: followed by
946: .Ql Ic .ifmake .
947: .It Xo
948: .Ic .elifnmake
949: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
950: .Op Ar operator target ...
951: .Xc
952: A combination of
953: .Ql Ic .else
954: followed by
955: .Ql Ic .ifnmake .
956: .It Ic .endif
957: End the body of the conditional.
958: .El
959: .Pp
960: The
961: .Ar operator
962: may be any one of the following:
963: .Bl -tag -width "Cm XX"
964: .It Cm \&|\&|
1.64 wiz 965: Logical OR.
1.62 ross 966: .It Cm \&\*[Am]\*[Am]
1.1 cgd 967: Logical
968: .Tn AND ;
969: of higher precedence than
1.26 hubertf 970: .Dq \&|\&| .
1.1 cgd 971: .El
972: .Pp
973: As in C,
1.25 lukem 974: .Nm
1.1 cgd 975: will only evaluate a conditional as far as is necessary to determine
976: its value.
1.16 christos 977: Parentheses may be used to change the order of evaluation.
1.1 cgd 978: The boolean operator
979: .Ql Ic \&!
980: may be used to logically negate an entire
981: conditional.
1.5 jtc 982: It is of higher precedence than
1.62 ross 983: .Ql Ic \&\*[Am]\*[Am] .
1.1 cgd 984: .Pp
985: The value of
986: .Ar expression
987: may be any of the following:
1.61 ross 988: .Bl -tag -width defined
1.1 cgd 989: .It Ic defined
990: Takes a variable name as an argument and evaluates to true if the variable
991: has been defined.
992: .It Ic make
993: Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
994: was specified as part of
1.74 wiz 995: .Nm Ns 's
1.1 cgd 996: command line or was declared the default target (either implicitly or
997: explicitly, see
998: .Va .MAIN )
999: before the line containing the conditional.
1000: .It Ic empty
1.5 jtc 1001: Takes a variable, with possible modifiers, and evaluates to true if
1.1 cgd 1002: the expansion of the variable would result in an empty string.
1003: .It Ic exists
1004: Takes a file name as an argument and evaluates to true if the file exists.
1005: The file is searched for on the system search path (see
1006: .Va .PATH ) .
1007: .It Ic target
1008: Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
1009: has been defined.
1.47 christos 1010: .It Ic commands
1011: Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
1012: has been defined and has commands associated with it.
1.1 cgd 1013: .El
1014: .Pp
1015: .Ar Expression
1.67 grant 1016: may also be an arithmetic or string comparison.
1017: Variable expansion is
1.6 cgd 1018: performed on both sides of the comparison, after which the integral
1.67 grant 1019: values are compared.
1020: A value is interpreted as hexadecimal if it is
1.6 cgd 1021: preceded by 0x, otherwise it is decimal; octal numbers are not supported.
1.67 grant 1022: The standard C relational operators are all supported.
1023: If after
1.6 cgd 1024: variable expansion, either the left or right hand side of a
1.1 cgd 1025: .Ql Ic ==
1026: or
1027: .Ql Ic "!="
1.6 cgd 1028: operator is not an integral value, then
1029: string comparison is performed between the expanded
1030: variables.
1.1 cgd 1031: If no relational operator is given, it is assumed that the expanded
1032: variable is being compared against 0.
1033: .Pp
1034: When
1.25 lukem 1035: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1036: is evaluating one of these conditional expression, and it encounters
1037: a word it doesn't recognize, either the ``make'' or ``defined''
1038: expression is applied to it, depending on the form of the conditional.
1039: If the form is
1040: .Ql Ic .ifdef
1041: or
1042: .Ql Ic .ifndef ,
1043: the ``defined'' expression
1044: is applied.
1045: Similarly, if the form is
1046: .Ql Ic .ifmake
1047: or
1048: .Ql Ic .ifnmake , the ``make''
1049: expression is applied.
1050: .Pp
1051: If the conditional evaluates to true the parsing of the makefile continues
1052: as before.
1053: If it evaluates to false, the following lines are skipped.
1054: In both cases this continues until a
1055: .Ql Ic .else
1056: or
1057: .Ql Ic .endif
1058: is found.
1.16 christos 1059: .Pp
1.6 cgd 1060: For loops are typically used to apply a set of rules to a list of files.
1061: The syntax of a for loop is:
1.59 bgrayson 1062: .Pp
1063: .Bl -tag -compact -width Ds
1.6 cgd 1064: .It Xo
1065: .Ic \&.for
1.48 wiz 1066: .Ar variable
1.39 christos 1067: .Op Ar variable ...
1.16 christos 1068: .Ic in
1.6 cgd 1069: .Ar expression
1070: .Xc
1071: .It Xo
1.62 ross 1072: \*[Lt]make-rules\*[Gt]
1.6 cgd 1073: .Ic \&.endfor
1074: .Xc
1075: .El
1.59 bgrayson 1076: .Pp
1.6 cgd 1077: After the for
1.16 christos 1078: .Ic expression
1.67 grant 1079: is evaluated, it is split into words.
1080: On each iteration of the loop, one word is taken and assigned to each
1.39 christos 1081: .Ic variable ,
1082: in order, and these
1083: .Ic variables
1084: are substituted into the
1.16 christos 1085: .Ic make-rules
1.6 cgd 1086: inside the body of the for loop.
1.39 christos 1087: The number of words must come out even; that is, if there are three
1088: iteration variables, the number of words provided must be a multiple
1089: of three.
1.1 cgd 1090: .Sh COMMENTS
1091: Comments begin with a hash
1092: .Pq Ql \&#
1093: character, anywhere but in a shell
1094: command line, and continue to the end of the line.
1095: .Sh SPECIAL SOURCES
1.61 ross 1096: .Bl -tag -width .IGNOREx
1.1 cgd 1097: .It Ic .IGNORE
1098: Ignore any errors from the commands associated with this target, exactly
1099: as if they all were preceded by a dash
1100: .Pq Ql \- .
1.18 christos 1101: .It Ic .MADE
1.48 wiz 1102: Mark all sources of this target as being up-to-date.
1.1 cgd 1103: .It Ic .MAKE
1104: Execute the commands associated with this target even if the
1105: .Fl n
1106: or
1107: .Fl t
1108: options were specified.
1109: Normally used to mark recursive
1.74 wiz 1110: .Nm Ns 's .
1.1 cgd 1111: .It Ic .NOTMAIN
1112: Normally
1.25 lukem 1113: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1114: selects the first target it encounters as the default target to be built
1115: if no target was specified.
1116: This source prevents this target from being selected.
1117: .It Ic .OPTIONAL
1118: If a target is marked with this attribute and
1.25 lukem 1119: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1120: can't figure out how to create it, it will ignore this fact and assume
1121: the file isn't needed or already exists.
1122: .It Ic .PRECIOUS
1123: When
1.25 lukem 1124: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1125: is interrupted, it removes any partially made targets.
1126: This source prevents the target from being removed.
1127: .It Ic .SILENT
1128: Do not echo any of the commands associated with this target, exactly
1129: as if they all were preceded by an at sign
1130: .Pq Ql @ .
1131: .It Ic .USE
1132: Turn the target into
1.74 wiz 1133: .Nm Ns 's
1.1 cgd 1134: version of a macro.
1135: When the target is used as a source for another target, the other target
1136: acquires the commands, sources, and attributes (except for
1137: .Ic .USE )
1138: of the
1139: source.
1140: If the target already has commands, the
1141: .Ic .USE
1142: target's commands are appended
1143: to them.
1.52 christos 1144: .It Ic .USEBEFORE
1145: Exactly like
1146: .Ic .USE ,
1.57 wiz 1147: but prepend the
1.52 christos 1148: .Ic .USEBEFORE
1149: target commands to the target.
1.12 christos 1150: .It Ic .WAIT
1.71 mjl 1151: If
1.12 christos 1152: .Ic .WAIT
1.71 mjl 1153: appears in a dependency line, the sources that precede it are
1.67 grant 1154: made before the sources that succeed it in the line.
1.71 mjl 1155: Loops are not
1.12 christos 1156: detected and targets that form loops will be silently ignored.
1.1 cgd 1157: .El
1.57 wiz 1158: .Sh SPECIAL TARGETS
1.1 cgd 1159: Special targets may not be included with other targets, i.e. they must be
1160: the only target specified.
1.61 ross 1161: .Bl -tag -width .BEGINx
1.1 cgd 1162: .It Ic .BEGIN
1163: Any command lines attached to this target are executed before anything
1164: else is done.
1165: .It Ic .DEFAULT
1166: This is sort of a
1167: .Ic .USE
1168: rule for any target (that was used only as a
1169: source) that
1.25 lukem 1170: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1171: can't figure out any other way to create.
1172: Only the shell script is used.
1173: The
1174: .Ic .IMPSRC
1175: variable of a target that inherits
1176: .Ic .DEFAULT Ns 's
1177: commands is set
1178: to the target's own name.
1179: .It Ic .END
1180: Any command lines attached to this target are executed after everything
1181: else is done.
1182: .It Ic .IGNORE
1183: Mark each of the sources with the
1184: .Ic .IGNORE
1185: attribute.
1186: If no sources are specified, this is the equivalent of specifying the
1187: .Fl i
1188: option.
1189: .It Ic .INTERRUPT
1190: If
1.25 lukem 1191: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1192: is interrupted, the commands for this target will be executed.
1193: .It Ic .MAIN
1194: If no target is specified when
1.25 lukem 1195: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1196: is invoked, this target will be built.
1197: .It Ic .MAKEFLAGS
1198: This target provides a way to specify flags for
1.25 lukem 1199: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1200: when the makefile is used.
1201: The flags are as if typed to the shell, though the
1202: .Fl f
1203: option will have
1204: no effect.
1.12 christos 1205: .\" XXX: NOT YET!!!!
1206: .\" .It Ic .NOTPARALLEL
1.70 wiz 1207: .\" The named targets are executed in non parallel mode.
1208: .\" If no targets are
1.12 christos 1209: .\" specified, then all targets are executed in non parallel mode.
1.20 gwr 1210: .It Ic .NOPATH
1211: Apply the
1212: .Ic .NOPATH
1.67 grant 1213: attribute to any specified sources.
1214: Targets with this attribute are not
1.21 mycroft 1215: searched for in the directories specified by
1216: .Ic .PATH .
1.12 christos 1217: .It Ic .NOTPARALLEL
1218: Disable parallel mode.
1219: .It Ic .NO_PARALLEL
1220: Same as above, for compatibility with other pmake variants.
1221: .It Ic .ORDER
1222: The named targets are made in sequence.
1223: .\" XXX: NOT YET!!!!
1224: .\" .It Ic .PARALLEL
1.70 wiz 1225: .\" The named targets are executed in parallel mode.
1226: .\" If no targets are
1.12 christos 1227: .\" specified, then all targets are executed in parallel mode.
1.1 cgd 1228: .It Ic .PATH
1229: The sources are directories which are to be searched for files not
1230: found in the current directory.
1231: If no sources are specified, any previously specified directories are
1232: deleted.
1.34 thorpej 1233: If the source is the special
1234: .Ic .DOTLAST
1235: target, then the current working
1.33 thorpej 1236: directory is searched last.
1.14 christos 1237: .It Ic .PHONY
1238: Apply the
1239: .Ic .PHONY
1.67 grant 1240: attribute to any specified sources.
1241: Targets with this attribute do not
1.19 mycroft 1242: correspond to actual files; they are always considered to be out of date,
1243: and will not be created with the
1244: .Fl t
1245: option.
1.1 cgd 1246: .It Ic .PRECIOUS
1247: Apply the
1248: .Ic .PRECIOUS
1249: attribute to any specified sources.
1250: If no sources are specified, the
1251: .Ic .PRECIOUS
1252: attribute is applied to every
1253: target in the file.
1254: .It Ic .SILENT
1255: Apply the
1256: .Ic .SILENT
1257: attribute to any specified sources.
1258: If no sources are specified, the
1259: .Ic .SILENT
1260: attribute is applied to every
1261: command in the file.
1262: .It Ic .SUFFIXES
1263: Each source specifies a suffix to
1.74 wiz 1264: .Nm .
1.71 mjl 1265: If no sources are specified, any previously specified suffixes are deleted.
1.31 ross 1266: .El
1.1 cgd 1267: .Sh ENVIRONMENT
1.25 lukem 1268: .Nm
1.73 perry 1269: uses the following environment variables, if they exist:
1.16 christos 1270: .Ev MACHINE ,
1.26 hubertf 1271: .Ev MACHINE_ARCH ,
1.1 cgd 1272: .Ev MAKE ,
1.16 christos 1273: .Ev MAKEFLAGS ,
1274: .Ev MAKEOBJDIR ,
1.38 sjg 1275: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX ,
1.76 jrf 1276: .Ev MAKESYSPATH ,
1.1 cgd 1277: and
1.16 christos 1278: .Ev PWD .
1.57 wiz 1279: .Pp
1.38 sjg 1280: If
1281: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1282: is set, then
1283: .Nm
1.48 wiz 1284: will
1.38 sjg 1285: .Xr chdir 2
1286: to ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR} if it exists.
1287: Otherwise if
1288: .Ev MAKEOBJDIR
1289: and the named directory exists
1290: .Nm
1.48 wiz 1291: will
1.38 sjg 1292: .Xr chdir 2
1293: to it.
1.48 wiz 1294: These actions are taken before any makefiles are read which is why they
1.38 sjg 1295: need to be set in the environment.
1.1 cgd 1296: .Sh FILES
1297: .Bl -tag -width /usr/share/mk -compact
1298: .It .depend
1299: list of dependencies
1300: .It Makefile
1301: list of dependencies
1302: .It makefile
1303: list of dependencies
1304: .It sys.mk
1305: system makefile
1306: .It /usr/share/mk
1307: system makefile directory
1308: .El
1309: .Sh SEE ALSO
1310: .Xr mkdep 1
1311: .Sh HISTORY
1312: A
1.25 lukem 1313: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1314: command appeared in
1315: .At v7 .
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