Annotation of src/usr.bin/make/make.1, Revision 1.78
1.78 ! christos 1: .\" $NetBSD: make.1,v 1.77 2003/04/16 09:44:07 wiz Exp $
1.15 thorpej 2: .\"
1.16 christos 3: .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
4: .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
1.1 cgd 5: .\"
6: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8: .\" are met:
9: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11: .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13: .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14: .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
15: .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
16: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
17: .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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24: .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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1.16 christos 34: .\" from: @(#)make.1 8.4 (Berkeley) 3/19/94
1.1 cgd 35: .\"
1.77 wiz 36: .Dd March 14, 2003
1.1 cgd 37: .Dt MAKE 1
38: .Os
39: .Sh NAME
40: .Nm make
41: .Nd maintain program dependencies
42: .Sh SYNOPSIS
1.74 wiz 43: .Nm
1.75 thorpej 44: .Op Fl BeikNnqrstWX
1.30 mycroft 45: .Bk -words
1.1 cgd 46: .Op Fl D Ar variable
1.30 mycroft 47: .Ek
48: .Bk -words
1.1 cgd 49: .Op Fl d Ar flags
1.30 mycroft 50: .Ek
51: .Bk -words
1.1 cgd 52: .Op Fl f Ar makefile
1.30 mycroft 53: .Ek
54: .Bk -words
1.1 cgd 55: .Op Fl I Ar directory
1.30 mycroft 56: .Ek
1.1 cgd 57: .Bk -words
58: .Op Fl j Ar max_jobs
1.30 mycroft 59: .Ek
60: .Bk -words
1.44 sommerfe 61: .Op Fl J Ar private
62: .Ek
63: .Bk -words
1.13 christos 64: .Op Fl m Ar directory
1.1 cgd 65: .Ek
1.30 mycroft 66: .Bk -words
1.44 sommerfe 67: .Op Fl T Ar file
68: .Ek
69: .Bk -words
1.16 christos 70: .Op Fl V Ar variable
1.30 mycroft 71: .Ek
1.1 cgd 72: .Op Ar variable=value
1.30 mycroft 73: .Bk -words
1.1 cgd 74: .Op Ar target ...
1.30 mycroft 75: .Ek
1.1 cgd 76: .Sh DESCRIPTION
1.25 lukem 77: .Nm
1.1 cgd 78: is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other programs.
79: Its input is a list of specifications as to the files upon which programs
80: and other files depend.
81: If the file
82: .Ql Pa makefile
83: exists, it is read for this list of specifications.
84: If it does not exist, the file
85: .Ql Pa Makefile
86: is read.
87: If the file
88: .Ql Pa .depend
89: exists, it is read (see
1.66 wiz 90: .Xr mkdep 1 ) .
1.1 cgd 91: .Pp
92: This manual page is intended as a reference document only.
93: For a more thorough description of
1.25 lukem 94: .Nm
1.1 cgd 95: and makefiles, please refer to
96: .%T "Make \- A Tutorial" .
97: .Pp
98: The options are as follows:
99: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.16 christos 100: .It Fl B
1.10 christos 101: Try to be backwards compatible by executing a single shell per command and
102: by executing the commands to make the sources of a dependency line in sequence.
1.1 cgd 103: .It Fl D Ar variable
1.8 christos 104: Define
105: .Ar variable
1.1 cgd 106: to be 1, in the global context.
107: .It Fl d Ar flags
108: Turn on debugging, and specify which portions of
1.25 lukem 109: .Nm
1.1 cgd 110: are to print debugging information.
111: .Ar Flags
112: is one or more of the following:
113: .Bl -tag -width Ds
114: .It Ar A
115: Print all possible debugging information;
116: equivalent to specifying all of the debugging flags.
117: .It Ar a
118: Print debugging information about archive searching and caching.
119: .It Ar c
120: Print debugging information about conditional evaluation.
121: .It Ar d
122: Print debugging information about directory searching and caching.
123: .It Ar "g1"
124: Print the input graph before making anything.
125: .It Ar "g2"
126: Print the input graph after making everything, or before exiting
127: on error.
128: .It Ar j
129: Print debugging information about running multiple shells.
130: .It Ar m
131: Print debugging information about making targets, including modification
132: dates.
133: .It Ar s
134: Print debugging information about suffix-transformation rules.
135: .It Ar t
136: Print debugging information about target list maintenance.
137: .It Ar v
138: Print debugging information about variable assignment.
1.49 sjg 139: .It Ar x
1.57 wiz 140: Run shell commands with
141: .Fl x
142: so the actual commands are printed as they are executed.
1.1 cgd 143: .El
144: .It Fl e
1.68 perry 145: Specify that environment variables override macro assignments within
1.1 cgd 146: makefiles.
147: .It Fl f Ar makefile
148: Specify a makefile to read instead of the default
149: .Ql Pa makefile
150: and
151: If
152: .Ar makefile
153: is
154: .Ql Fl ,
155: standard input is read.
156: Multiple makefile's may be specified, and are read in the order specified.
157: .It Fl I Ar directory
158: Specify a directory in which to search for makefiles and included makefiles.
1.13 christos 159: The system makefile directory (or directories, see the
160: .Fl m
161: option) is automatically included as part of this list.
1.1 cgd 162: .It Fl i
163: Ignore non-zero exit of shell commands in the makefile.
164: Equivalent to specifying
165: .Ql Fl
166: before each command line in the makefile.
1.44 sommerfe 167: .It Fl J Ar private
168: This option should
169: .Em not
170: be specified by the user.
171: .Pp
172: When the
173: .Ar j
174: option is in use in a recursive build, this option is passed by a make
175: to child makes to allow all the make processes in the build to
176: cooperate to avoid overloading the system.
1.1 cgd 177: .It Fl j Ar max_jobs
178: Specify the maximum number of jobs that
1.25 lukem 179: .Nm
1.67 grant 180: may have running at any one time.
181: Turns compatibility mode off, unless the
1.11 christos 182: .Ar B
183: flag is also specified.
1.1 cgd 184: .It Fl k
185: Continue processing after errors are encountered, but only on those targets
186: that do not depend on the target whose creation caused the error.
1.13 christos 187: .It Fl m Ar directory
188: Specify a directory in which to search for sys.mk and makefiles included
1.67 grant 189: via the \*[Lt]...\*[Gt] style.
190: Multiple directories can be added to form a search path.
1.13 christos 191: This path will override the default system include path: /usr/share/mk.
192: Furthermore the system include path will be appended to the search path used
193: for "..."-style inclusions (see the
194: .Fl I
195: option).
1.1 cgd 196: .It Fl n
1.45 sommerfe 197: Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not
198: actually execute them unless the target depends on the .MAKE special
1.64 wiz 199: source (see below).
1.45 sommerfe 200: .It Fl N
201: Display the commands which would have been executed, but do not
202: actually execute any of them; useful for debugging top-level makefiles
203: without descending into subdirectories.
1.1 cgd 204: .It Fl q
205: Do not execute any commands, but exit 0 if the specified targets are
206: up-to-date and 1, otherwise.
207: .It Fl r
208: Do not use the built-in rules specified in the system makefile.
209: .It Fl s
210: Do not echo any commands as they are executed.
211: Equivalent to specifying
212: .Ql Ic @
213: before each command line in the makefile.
1.44 sommerfe 214: .It Fl T Ar tracefile
215: When used with the
1.48 wiz 216: .Fl j
1.44 sommerfe 217: flag,
218: append a trace record to
219: .Ar tracefile
220: for each job started and completed.
1.1 cgd 221: .It Fl t
222: Rather than re-building a target as specified in the makefile, create it
223: or update its modification time to make it appear up-to-date.
1.16 christos 224: .It Fl V Ar variable
225: Print
1.74 wiz 226: .Nm Ns 's
1.16 christos 227: idea of the value of
228: .Ar variable ,
229: in the global context.
230: Do not build any targets.
231: Multiple instances of this option may be specified;
232: the variables will be printed one per line,
233: with a blank line for each null or undefined variable.
1.46 christos 234: .It Fl W
235: Treat any warnings during makefile parsing as errors.
1.75 thorpej 236: .It Fl X
237: Don't export variables passed on the command line to the environment
238: individually.
239: Variables passed on the command line are still exported
240: via the
241: .Va MAKEFLAGS
242: environment variable.
243: This option may be useful on systems which have a small limit on the
244: size of command arguments.
1.1 cgd 245: .It Ar variable=value
246: Set the value of the variable
247: .Ar variable
248: to
249: .Ar value .
1.75 thorpej 250: Normally, all values passed on the command line are also exported to
251: sub-makes in the environment.
252: The
253: .Fl X
254: flag disables this behavior.
1.1 cgd 255: .El
256: .Pp
1.6 cgd 257: There are seven different types of lines in a makefile: file dependency
1.1 cgd 258: specifications, shell commands, variable assignments, include statements,
1.6 cgd 259: conditional directives, for loops, and comments.
1.1 cgd 260: .Pp
261: In general, lines may be continued from one line to the next by ending
262: them with a backslash
263: .Pq Ql \e .
264: The trailing newline character and initial whitespace on the following
265: line are compressed into a single space.
266: .Sh FILE DEPENDENCY SPECIFICATIONS
267: Dependency lines consist of one or more targets, an operator, and zero
268: or more sources.
269: This creates a relationship where the targets ``depend'' on the sources
270: and are usually created from them.
271: The exact relationship between the target and the source is determined
272: by the operator that separates them.
273: The three operators are as follows:
274: .Bl -tag -width flag
275: .It Ic \&:
276: A target is considered out-of-date if its modification time is less than
277: those of any of its sources.
278: Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
279: is used.
280: The target is removed if
1.25 lukem 281: .Nm
1.1 cgd 282: is interrupted.
283: .It Ic \&!
284: Targets are always re-created, but not until all sources have been
285: examined and re-created as necessary.
286: Sources for a target accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
287: is used.
288: The target is removed if
1.25 lukem 289: .Nm
1.1 cgd 290: is interrupted.
291: .It Ic \&::
292: If no sources are specified, the target is always re-created.
293: Otherwise, a target is considered out-of-date if any of its sources has
294: been modified more recently than the target.
295: Sources for a target do not accumulate over dependency lines when this
296: operator is used.
297: The target will not be removed if
1.25 lukem 298: .Nm
1.1 cgd 299: is interrupted.
300: .El
301: .Pp
302: Targets and sources may contain the shell wildcard values
303: .Ql ? ,
304: .Ql * ,
305: .Ql []
306: and
307: .Ql {} .
308: The values
309: .Ql ? ,
310: .Ql *
311: and
312: .Ql []
313: may only be used as part of the final
314: component of the target or source, and must be used to describe existing
315: files.
316: The value
317: .Ql {}
318: need not necessarily be used to describe existing files.
319: Expansion is in directory order, not alphabetically as done in the shell.
320: .Sh SHELL COMMANDS
321: Each target may have associated with it a series of shell commands, normally
322: used to create the target.
323: Each of the commands in this script
324: .Em must
325: be preceded by a tab.
326: While any target may appear on a dependency line, only one of these
327: dependencies may be followed by a creation script, unless the
328: .Ql Ic ::
329: operator is used.
330: .Pp
331: If the first or first two characters of the command line are
332: .Ql Ic @
333: and/or
334: .Ql Ic \- ,
335: the command is treated specially.
336: A
337: .Ql Ic @
338: causes the command not to be echoed before it is executed.
339: A
340: .Ql Ic \-
341: causes any non-zero exit status of the command line to be ignored.
342: .Sh VARIABLE ASSIGNMENTS
343: Variables in make are much like variables in the shell, and, by tradition,
344: consist of all upper-case letters.
345: The five operators that can be used to assign values to variables are as
346: follows:
347: .Bl -tag -width Ds
348: .It Ic \&=
349: Assign the value to the variable.
350: Any previous value is overridden.
351: .It Ic \&+=
352: Append the value to the current value of the variable.
353: .It Ic \&?=
354: Assign the value to the variable if it is not already defined.
355: .It Ic \&:=
356: Assign with expansion, i.e. expand the value before assigning it
357: to the variable.
358: Normally, expansion is not done until the variable is referenced.
359: .It Ic \&!=
360: Expand the value and pass it to the shell for execution and assign
361: the result to the variable.
362: Any newlines in the result are replaced with spaces.
363: .El
364: .Pp
365: Any white-space before the assigned
366: .Ar value
367: is removed; if the value is being appended, a single space is inserted
368: between the previous contents of the variable and the appended value.
369: .Pp
370: Variables are expanded by surrounding the variable name with either
371: curly braces
372: .Pq Ql {}
1.7 mycroft 373: or parentheses
1.1 cgd 374: .Pq Ql ()
375: and preceding it with
376: a dollar sign
377: .Pq Ql \&$ .
378: If the variable name contains only a single letter, the surrounding
1.7 mycroft 379: braces or parentheses are not required.
1.1 cgd 380: This shorter form is not recommended.
381: .Pp
382: Variable substitution occurs at two distinct times, depending on where
383: the variable is being used.
384: Variables in dependency lines are expanded as the line is read.
385: Variables in shell commands are expanded when the shell command is
386: executed.
387: .Pp
388: The four different classes of variables (in order of increasing precedence)
389: are:
390: .Bl -tag -width Ds
391: .It Environment variables
392: Variables defined as part of
1.74 wiz 393: .Nm Ns 's
1.1 cgd 394: environment.
395: .It Global variables
396: Variables defined in the makefile or in included makefiles.
397: .It Command line variables
398: Variables defined as part of the command line.
399: .It Local variables
400: Variables that are defined specific to a certain target.
401: The seven local variables are as follows:
402: .Bl -tag -width ".ARCHIVE"
403: .It Va .ALLSRC
404: The list of all sources for this target; also known as
1.62 ross 405: .Ql Va \&\*[Gt] .
1.1 cgd 406: .It Va .ARCHIVE
407: The name of the archive file.
408: .It Va .IMPSRC
409: The name/path of the source from which the target is to be transformed
410: (the ``implied'' source); also known as
1.62 ross 411: .Ql Va \&\*[Lt] .
1.1 cgd 412: .It Va .MEMBER
413: The name of the archive member.
414: .It Va .OODATE
415: The list of sources for this target that were deemed out-of-date; also
416: known as
417: .Ql Va \&? .
418: .It Va .PREFIX
419: The file prefix of the file, containing only the file portion, no suffix
420: or preceding directory components; also known as
421: .Ql Va * .
422: .It Va .TARGET
423: The name of the target; also known as
424: .Ql Va @ .
425: .El
426: .Pp
427: The shorter forms
428: .Ql Va @ ,
429: .Ql Va ? ,
1.65 christos 430: .Ql Va \&\*[Lt] ,
431: .Ql Va \&\*[Gt] ,
1.1 cgd 432: and
433: .Ql Va *
434: are permitted for backward
435: compatibility with historical makefiles and are not recommended.
436: The six variables
437: .Ql Va "@F" ,
438: .Ql Va "@D" ,
1.62 ross 439: .Ql Va "\*[Lt]F" ,
440: .Ql Va "\*[Lt]D" ,
1.66 wiz 441: .Ql Va "*F" ,
1.1 cgd 442: and
443: .Ql Va "*D"
1.66 wiz 444: are permitted for compatibility with
1.1 cgd 445: .At V
446: makefiles and are not recommended.
447: .Pp
448: Four of the local variables may be used in sources on dependency lines
449: because they expand to the proper value for each target on the line.
450: These variables are
451: .Ql Va .TARGET ,
452: .Ql Va .PREFIX ,
453: .Ql Va .ARCHIVE ,
454: and
455: .Ql Va .MEMBER .
1.59 bgrayson 456: .El
1.1 cgd 457: .Pp
458: In addition,
1.25 lukem 459: .Nm
1.1 cgd 460: sets or knows about the following variables:
1.50 sjg 461: .Bl -tag -width .MAKEOVERRIDES
1.1 cgd 462: .It Va \&$
463: A single dollar sign
464: .Ql \&$ ,
465: i.e.
466: .Ql \&$$
467: expands to a single dollar
468: sign.
1.22 pk 469: .Pq Va argv[0]
1.56 tv 470: .It Va .ALLTARGETS
1.67 grant 471: The list of all targets encountered in the Makefile.
472: If evaluated during
1.56 tv 473: Makefile parsing, lists only those targets encountered thus far.
1.1 cgd 474: .It Va .CURDIR
475: A path to the directory where
1.25 lukem 476: .Nm
1.1 cgd 477: was executed.
1.78 ! christos 478: .It Ev MAKE
1.55 tv 479: The name that
480: .Nm
1.78 ! christos 481: was executed with. For compatibily
! 482: .Nm
! 483: also sets
! 484: .Va .MAKE
! 485: with the same value.
! 486: The preferred variable to use is
! 487: .Ev MAKE
! 488: because it is more compatible with other versions of
! 489: .Nm
! 490: and cannot be confused with the special target with the same name.
1.1 cgd 491: .It Ev MAKEFLAGS
492: The environment variable
493: .Ql Ev MAKEFLAGS
494: may contain anything that
495: may be specified on
1.74 wiz 496: .Nm Ns 's
1.1 cgd 497: command line.
498: Anything specified on
1.74 wiz 499: .Nm Ns 's
1.1 cgd 500: command line is appended to the
501: .Ql Ev MAKEFLAGS
502: variable which is then
503: entered into the environment for all programs which
1.25 lukem 504: .Nm
1.1 cgd 505: executes.
1.50 sjg 506: .It Va .MAKEOVERRIDES
1.57 wiz 507: This variable is used to record the names of variables assigned to
508: on the command line, so that they may be exported as part of
1.50 sjg 509: .Ql Ev MAKEFLAGS .
1.57 wiz 510: This behaviour can be disabled by assigning an empty value to
1.50 sjg 511: .Ql Va .MAKEOVERRIDES
1.67 grant 512: within a makefile.
513: Extra variables can be exported from a makefile
1.57 wiz 514: by appending their names to
1.51 sjg 515: .Ql Va .MAKEOVERRIDES .
516: .Ql Ev MAKEFLAGS
1.57 wiz 517: is re-exported whenever
1.51 sjg 518: .Ql Va .MAKEOVERRIDES
519: is modified.
1.55 tv 520: .It Va MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR
1.57 wiz 521: When
1.55 tv 522: .Nm
523: stops due to an error, it prints its name and the value of
524: .Ql Va .CURDIR
1.57 wiz 525: as well as the value of any variables named in
1.55 tv 526: .Ql Va MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR .
527: .It Va .newline
528: This variable is simply assigned a newline character as its value.
529: This allows expansions using the :@ modifier to put a newline between
1.67 grant 530: iterations of the loop rather than a space.
531: For example, the printing of
1.55 tv 532: .Ql Va MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR
533: could be done as ${MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR:@v@$v='${$v}'${.newline}@}.
534: .It Va .OBJDIR
535: A path to the directory where the targets are built.
536: .It Va .PARSEDIR
537: A path to the directory of the current
538: .Ql Pa Makefile
539: being parsed.
540: .It Va .PARSEFILE
541: The basename of the current
542: .Ql Pa Makefile
543: being parsed.
544: This variable and
545: .Ql Va .PARSEDIR
546: are both set only while the
547: .Ql Pa Makefiles
548: are being parsed.
1.69 sjg 549: .It Va .PATH
1.70 wiz 550: A variable that represents the list of directories that
1.69 sjg 551: .Nm
1.70 wiz 552: will search for files.
553: The search list should be updated using the target
1.69 sjg 554: .Ql Va .PATH
555: rather than the variable.
1.16 christos 556: .It Ev PWD
557: Alternate path to the current directory.
1.25 lukem 558: .Nm
1.16 christos 559: normally sets
560: .Ql Va .CURDIR
561: to the canonical path given by
1.48 wiz 562: .Xr getcwd 3 .
1.16 christos 563: However, if the environment variable
564: .Ql Ev PWD
565: is set and gives a path to the current directory, then
1.25 lukem 566: .Nm
1.16 christos 567: sets
568: .Ql Va .CURDIR
569: to the value of
570: .Ql Ev PWD
1.67 grant 571: instead.
572: This behaviour is disabled if
1.40 sjg 573: .Ql Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
574: is set.
1.16 christos 575: .Ql Ev PWD
576: is set to the value of
577: .Ql Va .OBJDIR
578: for all programs which
1.25 lukem 579: .Nm
1.16 christos 580: executes.
1.1 cgd 581: .El
582: .Pp
583: Variable expansion may be modified to select or modify each word of the
584: variable (where a ``word'' is white-space delimited sequence of characters).
585: The general format of a variable expansion is as follows:
586: .Pp
587: .Dl {variable[:modifier[:...]]}
588: .Pp
589: Each modifier begins with a colon and one of the following
590: special characters.
591: The colon may be escaped with a backslash
592: .Pq Ql \e .
1.61 ross 593: .Bl -tag -width EEE
1.1 cgd 594: .It Cm E
595: Replaces each word in the variable with its suffix.
596: .It Cm H
597: Replaces each word in the variable with everything but the last component.
598: .It Cm M Ns Ar pattern
1.72 uebayasi 599: Select only those words that match
600: .Ar pattern .
1.1 cgd 601: The standard shell wildcard characters
602: .Pf ( Ql * ,
603: .Ql ? ,
604: and
605: .Ql Op )
606: may
607: be used.
608: The wildcard characters may be escaped with a backslash
609: .Pq Ql \e .
610: .It Cm N Ns Ar pattern
611: This is identical to
612: .Ql Cm M ,
613: but selects all words which do not match
1.72 uebayasi 614: .Ar pattern .
1.36 christos 615: .It Cm O
616: Order every word in variable alphabetically.
1.17 christos 617: .It Cm Q
618: Quotes every shell meta-character in the variable, so that it can be passed
619: safely through recursive invocations of
1.74 wiz 620: .Nm .
1.1 cgd 621: .It Cm R
622: Replaces each word in the variable with everything but its suffix.
1.60 pk 623: .It Cm tl
624: Converts variable to lower-case letters.
625: .It Cm tu
626: Converts variable to upper-case letters.
1.1 cgd 627: .Sm off
1.17 christos 628: .It Cm S No \&/ Ar old_string Xo
629: .No \&/ Ar new_string
630: .No \&/ Op Cm 1g
1.1 cgd 631: .Xc
632: .Sm on
633: Modify the first occurrence of
1.17 christos 634: .Ar old_string
635: in the variable's value, replacing it with
636: .Ar new_string .
1.1 cgd 637: If a
638: .Ql g
639: is appended to the last slash of the pattern, all occurrences
640: in each word are replaced.
1.17 christos 641: If a
642: .Ql 1
643: is appended to the last slash of the pattern, only the first word
644: is affected.
1.1 cgd 645: If
1.17 christos 646: .Ar old_string
647: begins with a caret
1.1 cgd 648: .Pq Ql ^ ,
1.17 christos 649: .Ar old_string
1.1 cgd 650: is anchored at the beginning of each word.
651: If
1.17 christos 652: .Ar old_string
1.1 cgd 653: ends with a dollar sign
654: .Pq Ql \&$ ,
655: it is anchored at the end of each word.
656: Inside
657: .Ar new_string ,
658: an ampersand
1.62 ross 659: .Pq Ql \*[Am]
1.1 cgd 660: is replaced by
1.17 christos 661: .Ar old_string
662: (without any
663: .Ql ^
664: or
665: .Ql \&$ ) .
1.1 cgd 666: Any character may be used as a delimiter for the parts of the modifier
667: string.
668: The anchoring, ampersand and delimiter characters may be escaped with a
669: backslash
670: .Pq Ql \e .
671: .Pp
672: Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
673: .Ar old_string
674: and
675: .Ar new_string
676: with the single exception that a backslash is used to prevent the expansion
677: of a dollar sign
1.17 christos 678: .Pq Ql \&$ ,
1.1 cgd 679: not a preceding dollar sign as is usual.
1.17 christos 680: .Sm off
681: .It Cm C No \&/ Ar pattern Xo
682: .No \&/ Ar replacement
683: .No \&/ Op Cm 1g
684: .Xc
685: .Sm on
686: The
687: .Cm C
688: modifier is just like the
689: .Cm S
1.37 msaitoh 690: modifier except that the old and new strings, instead of being
1.17 christos 691: simple strings, are a regular expression (see
692: .Xr regex 3 )
1.72 uebayasi 693: string
694: .Ar pattern
1.17 christos 695: and an
696: .Xr ed 1 Ns \-style
1.72 uebayasi 697: string
698: .Ar replacement .
699: Normally, the first occurrence of the pattern
700: .Ar pattern
701: in each word of the value is substituted with
702: .Ar replacement .
1.67 grant 703: The
1.17 christos 704: .Ql 1
705: modifier causes the substitution to apply to at most one word; the
706: .Ql g
707: modifier causes the substitution to apply to as many instances of the
1.72 uebayasi 708: search pattern
709: .Ar pattern
710: as occur in the word or words it is found in.
1.67 grant 711: Note that
1.17 christos 712: .Ql 1
713: and
714: .Ql g
715: are orthogonal; the former specifies whether multiple words are
716: potentially affected, the latter whether multiple substitutions can
717: potentially occur within each affected word.
1.1 cgd 718: .It Cm T
719: Replaces each word in the variable with its last component.
1.43 christos 720: .It Cm u
721: Remove adjacent duplicate words (like
1.57 wiz 722: .Xr uniq 1 ) .
1.40 sjg 723: .It Cm ? Ar true_string Cm : Ar false_string
1.27 christos 724: If the variable evaluates to true, return as its value the
1.57 wiz 725: .Ar true_string ,
1.27 christos 726: otherwise return the
1.57 wiz 727: .Ar false_string .
1.1 cgd 728: .It Ar old_string=new_string
729: This is the
730: .At V
731: style variable substitution.
732: It must be the last modifier specified.
1.16 christos 733: If
1.6 cgd 734: .Ar old_string
735: or
736: .Ar new_string
737: do not contain the pattern matching character
738: .Ar %
1.16 christos 739: then it is assumed that they are
1.6 cgd 740: anchored at the end of each word, so only suffixes or entire
1.67 grant 741: words may be replaced.
742: Otherwise
1.6 cgd 743: .Ar %
1.16 christos 744: is the substring of
745: .Ar old_string
1.6 cgd 746: to be replaced in
1.64 wiz 747: .Ar new_string .
1.40 sjg 748: .It Cm @ Ar temp Cm @ Xo
1.48 wiz 749: .No Ar string Cm @
1.40 sjg 750: .Xc
751: This is the loop expansion mechanism from the OSF Development
1.67 grant 752: Environment (ODE) make.
753: Unlike
1.48 wiz 754: .Cm \&.for
1.40 sjg 755: loops expansion occurs at the time of
1.67 grant 756: reference.
757: Assign
1.40 sjg 758: .Ar temp
759: to each word in the variable and evaluate
760: .Ar string .
1.48 wiz 761: The ODE convention is that
1.40 sjg 762: .Ar temp
1.67 grant 763: should start and end with a period.
764: For example.
1.40 sjg 765: .Dl ${LINKS:@.LINK.@${LN} ${TARGET} ${.LINK.}@}
766: .It Cm U Ar newval
767: If the variable is undefined
768: .Ar newval
1.63 lukem 769: is the value.
770: If the variable is defined, the existing value is returned.
1.67 grant 771: This is another ODE make feature.
772: It is handy for setting per-target CFLAGS for instance:
1.40 sjg 773: .Dl ${_${.TARGET:T}_CFLAGS:U${DEF_CFLAGS}}
1.63 lukem 774: If a value is only required if the variable is undefined, use:
775: .Dl ${VAR:D:Unewval}
1.40 sjg 776: .It Cm D Ar newval
777: If the variable is defined
778: .Ar newval
779: is the value.
780: .It Cm L
781: The name of the variable is the value.
782: .It Cm P
783: The path of the node which has the same name as the variable
1.67 grant 784: is the value.
785: If no such node exists or its path is null, then the
1.40 sjg 786: name of the variable is used.
787: .It Cm ! Ar cmd Cm !
788: The output of running
789: .Ar cmd
790: is the value.
791: .It Cm sh
792: If the variable is non-empty it is run as a command and the output
793: becomes the new value.
1.42 sjg 794: .It Cm \&:= Ar str
1.48 wiz 795: The variable is assigned the value
1.41 sjg 796: .Ar str
1.67 grant 797: after substitution.
798: This modifier and its variations are useful in
1.48 wiz 799: obscure situations such as wanting to apply modifiers to
1.41 sjg 800: .Cm \&.for
1.48 wiz 801: loop iteration variables which won't work due to the way
1.41 sjg 802: .Cm \&.for
1.67 grant 803: loops are implemented.
804: These assignment modifiers always expand to
1.41 sjg 805: nothing, so if appearing in a rule line by themselves should be
1.48 wiz 806: preceded with something to keep
1.41 sjg 807: .Nm
1.67 grant 808: happy.
809: As in:
1.41 sjg 810: .Bd -literal
811: use_foo: \&.USE
812: \&.for i in ${\&.TARGET} ${\&.TARGET:R}\&.gz
1.42 sjg 813: @: ${t::=$i}
1.41 sjg 814: @echo t:R:T=${t:R:T}
815: \&.endfor
816:
817: .Ed
1.42 sjg 818: The double
819: .Cm \&:
820: helps avoid false matches with the
821: .At V
1.48 wiz 822: style
1.42 sjg 823: .Cm \&=
1.48 wiz 824: modifier and since substitution always occurs the
1.42 sjg 825: .Cm \&:=
826: form is vaguely appropriate.
827: .It Cm \&:?= Ar str
1.41 sjg 828: As for
1.42 sjg 829: .Cm \&:=
1.41 sjg 830: but only if the variable does not already have a value.
1.42 sjg 831: .It Cm \&:+= Ar str
1.48 wiz 832: Append
1.41 sjg 833: .Ar str
834: to the variable.
1.42 sjg 835: .It Cm \&:!= Ar cmd
1.48 wiz 836: Assign the output of
1.41 sjg 837: .Ar cmd
838: to the variable.
1.6 cgd 839: .El
840: .Sh INCLUDE STATEMENTS, CONDITIONALS AND FOR LOOPS
1.16 christos 841: Makefile inclusion, conditional structures and for loops reminiscent
1.6 cgd 842: of the C programming language are provided in
1.74 wiz 843: .Nm .
1.1 cgd 844: All such structures are identified by a line beginning with a single
845: dot
846: .Pq Ql \&.
847: character.
848: Files are included with either
1.29 ross 849: .Cm \&.include Aq Ar file
1.1 cgd 850: or
1.29 ross 851: .Cm \&.include Pf \*q Ar file Ns \*q .
1.1 cgd 852: Variables between the angle brackets or double quotes are expanded
853: to form the file name.
854: If angle brackets are used, the included makefile is expected to be in
855: the system makefile directory.
856: If double quotes are used, the including makefile's directory and any
857: directories specified using the
858: .Fl I
859: option are searched before the system
860: makefile directory.
1.28 christos 861: For compatibility with other versions of
862: .Nm
863: .Ql include file ...
1.67 grant 864: is also accepted.
865: If the include statement is written as
1.29 ross 866: .Cm .-include
867: or as
868: .Cm .sinclude
1.28 christos 869: then errors locating and/or opening include files are ignored.
1.1 cgd 870: .Pp
871: Conditional expressions are also preceded by a single dot as the first
1.5 jtc 872: character of a line.
1.1 cgd 873: The possible conditionals are as follows:
874: .Bl -tag -width Ds
875: .It Ic .undef Ar variable
876: Un-define the specified global variable.
877: Only global variables may be un-defined.
878: .It Xo
879: .Ic \&.if
880: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar expression
881: .Op Ar operator expression ...
882: .Xc
883: Test the value of an expression.
884: .It Xo
885: .Ic .ifdef
886: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
887: .Op Ar operator variable ...
888: .Xc
1.7 mycroft 889: Test the value of a variable.
1.1 cgd 890: .It Xo
891: .Ic .ifndef
892: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
893: .Op Ar operator variable ...
894: .Xc
1.7 mycroft 895: Test the value of a variable.
1.1 cgd 896: .It Xo
897: .Ic .ifmake
898: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
899: .Op Ar operator target ...
900: .Xc
1.7 mycroft 901: Test the target being built.
1.1 cgd 902: .It Xo
903: .Ic .ifnmake
904: .Oo \&! Oc Ar target
905: .Op Ar operator target ...
906: .Xc
907: Test the target being built.
908: .It Ic .else
909: Reverse the sense of the last conditional.
910: .It Xo
911: .Ic .elif
912: .Oo \&! Oc Ar expression
913: .Op Ar operator expression ...
914: .Xc
915: A combination of
916: .Ql Ic .else
917: followed by
918: .Ql Ic .if .
919: .It Xo
920: .Ic .elifdef
921: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
922: .Op Ar operator variable ...
923: .Xc
924: A combination of
925: .Ql Ic .else
926: followed by
927: .Ql Ic .ifdef .
928: .It Xo
929: .Ic .elifndef
930: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar variable
931: .Op Ar operator variable ...
932: .Xc
933: A combination of
934: .Ql Ic .else
935: followed by
936: .Ql Ic .ifndef .
937: .It Xo
938: .Ic .elifmake
939: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
940: .Op Ar operator target ...
941: .Xc
942: A combination of
943: .Ql Ic .else
944: followed by
945: .Ql Ic .ifmake .
946: .It Xo
947: .Ic .elifnmake
948: .Oo \&! Oc Ns Ar target
949: .Op Ar operator target ...
950: .Xc
951: A combination of
952: .Ql Ic .else
953: followed by
954: .Ql Ic .ifnmake .
955: .It Ic .endif
956: End the body of the conditional.
957: .El
958: .Pp
959: The
960: .Ar operator
961: may be any one of the following:
962: .Bl -tag -width "Cm XX"
963: .It Cm \&|\&|
1.64 wiz 964: Logical OR.
1.62 ross 965: .It Cm \&\*[Am]\*[Am]
1.1 cgd 966: Logical
967: .Tn AND ;
968: of higher precedence than
1.26 hubertf 969: .Dq \&|\&| .
1.1 cgd 970: .El
971: .Pp
972: As in C,
1.25 lukem 973: .Nm
1.1 cgd 974: will only evaluate a conditional as far as is necessary to determine
975: its value.
1.16 christos 976: Parentheses may be used to change the order of evaluation.
1.1 cgd 977: The boolean operator
978: .Ql Ic \&!
979: may be used to logically negate an entire
980: conditional.
1.5 jtc 981: It is of higher precedence than
1.62 ross 982: .Ql Ic \&\*[Am]\*[Am] .
1.1 cgd 983: .Pp
984: The value of
985: .Ar expression
986: may be any of the following:
1.61 ross 987: .Bl -tag -width defined
1.1 cgd 988: .It Ic defined
989: Takes a variable name as an argument and evaluates to true if the variable
990: has been defined.
991: .It Ic make
992: Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
993: was specified as part of
1.74 wiz 994: .Nm Ns 's
1.1 cgd 995: command line or was declared the default target (either implicitly or
996: explicitly, see
997: .Va .MAIN )
998: before the line containing the conditional.
999: .It Ic empty
1.5 jtc 1000: Takes a variable, with possible modifiers, and evaluates to true if
1.1 cgd 1001: the expansion of the variable would result in an empty string.
1002: .It Ic exists
1003: Takes a file name as an argument and evaluates to true if the file exists.
1004: The file is searched for on the system search path (see
1005: .Va .PATH ) .
1006: .It Ic target
1007: Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
1008: has been defined.
1.47 christos 1009: .It Ic commands
1010: Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the target
1011: has been defined and has commands associated with it.
1.1 cgd 1012: .El
1013: .Pp
1014: .Ar Expression
1.67 grant 1015: may also be an arithmetic or string comparison.
1016: Variable expansion is
1.6 cgd 1017: performed on both sides of the comparison, after which the integral
1.67 grant 1018: values are compared.
1019: A value is interpreted as hexadecimal if it is
1.6 cgd 1020: preceded by 0x, otherwise it is decimal; octal numbers are not supported.
1.67 grant 1021: The standard C relational operators are all supported.
1022: If after
1.6 cgd 1023: variable expansion, either the left or right hand side of a
1.1 cgd 1024: .Ql Ic ==
1025: or
1026: .Ql Ic "!="
1.6 cgd 1027: operator is not an integral value, then
1028: string comparison is performed between the expanded
1029: variables.
1.1 cgd 1030: If no relational operator is given, it is assumed that the expanded
1031: variable is being compared against 0.
1032: .Pp
1033: When
1.25 lukem 1034: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1035: is evaluating one of these conditional expression, and it encounters
1036: a word it doesn't recognize, either the ``make'' or ``defined''
1037: expression is applied to it, depending on the form of the conditional.
1038: If the form is
1039: .Ql Ic .ifdef
1040: or
1041: .Ql Ic .ifndef ,
1042: the ``defined'' expression
1043: is applied.
1044: Similarly, if the form is
1045: .Ql Ic .ifmake
1046: or
1047: .Ql Ic .ifnmake , the ``make''
1048: expression is applied.
1049: .Pp
1050: If the conditional evaluates to true the parsing of the makefile continues
1051: as before.
1052: If it evaluates to false, the following lines are skipped.
1053: In both cases this continues until a
1054: .Ql Ic .else
1055: or
1056: .Ql Ic .endif
1057: is found.
1.16 christos 1058: .Pp
1.6 cgd 1059: For loops are typically used to apply a set of rules to a list of files.
1060: The syntax of a for loop is:
1.59 bgrayson 1061: .Pp
1062: .Bl -tag -compact -width Ds
1.6 cgd 1063: .It Xo
1064: .Ic \&.for
1.48 wiz 1065: .Ar variable
1.39 christos 1066: .Op Ar variable ...
1.16 christos 1067: .Ic in
1.6 cgd 1068: .Ar expression
1069: .Xc
1070: .It Xo
1.62 ross 1071: \*[Lt]make-rules\*[Gt]
1.6 cgd 1072: .Ic \&.endfor
1073: .Xc
1074: .El
1.59 bgrayson 1075: .Pp
1.6 cgd 1076: After the for
1.16 christos 1077: .Ic expression
1.67 grant 1078: is evaluated, it is split into words.
1079: On each iteration of the loop, one word is taken and assigned to each
1.39 christos 1080: .Ic variable ,
1081: in order, and these
1082: .Ic variables
1083: are substituted into the
1.16 christos 1084: .Ic make-rules
1.6 cgd 1085: inside the body of the for loop.
1.39 christos 1086: The number of words must come out even; that is, if there are three
1087: iteration variables, the number of words provided must be a multiple
1088: of three.
1.1 cgd 1089: .Sh COMMENTS
1090: Comments begin with a hash
1091: .Pq Ql \&#
1092: character, anywhere but in a shell
1093: command line, and continue to the end of the line.
1094: .Sh SPECIAL SOURCES
1.61 ross 1095: .Bl -tag -width .IGNOREx
1.1 cgd 1096: .It Ic .IGNORE
1097: Ignore any errors from the commands associated with this target, exactly
1098: as if they all were preceded by a dash
1099: .Pq Ql \- .
1.18 christos 1100: .It Ic .MADE
1.48 wiz 1101: Mark all sources of this target as being up-to-date.
1.1 cgd 1102: .It Ic .MAKE
1103: Execute the commands associated with this target even if the
1104: .Fl n
1105: or
1106: .Fl t
1107: options were specified.
1108: Normally used to mark recursive
1.74 wiz 1109: .Nm Ns 's .
1.1 cgd 1110: .It Ic .NOTMAIN
1111: Normally
1.25 lukem 1112: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1113: selects the first target it encounters as the default target to be built
1114: if no target was specified.
1115: This source prevents this target from being selected.
1116: .It Ic .OPTIONAL
1117: If a target is marked with this attribute and
1.25 lukem 1118: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1119: can't figure out how to create it, it will ignore this fact and assume
1120: the file isn't needed or already exists.
1121: .It Ic .PRECIOUS
1122: When
1.25 lukem 1123: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1124: is interrupted, it removes any partially made targets.
1125: This source prevents the target from being removed.
1126: .It Ic .SILENT
1127: Do not echo any of the commands associated with this target, exactly
1128: as if they all were preceded by an at sign
1129: .Pq Ql @ .
1130: .It Ic .USE
1131: Turn the target into
1.74 wiz 1132: .Nm Ns 's
1.1 cgd 1133: version of a macro.
1134: When the target is used as a source for another target, the other target
1135: acquires the commands, sources, and attributes (except for
1136: .Ic .USE )
1137: of the
1138: source.
1139: If the target already has commands, the
1140: .Ic .USE
1141: target's commands are appended
1142: to them.
1.52 christos 1143: .It Ic .USEBEFORE
1144: Exactly like
1145: .Ic .USE ,
1.57 wiz 1146: but prepend the
1.52 christos 1147: .Ic .USEBEFORE
1148: target commands to the target.
1.12 christos 1149: .It Ic .WAIT
1.71 mjl 1150: If
1.12 christos 1151: .Ic .WAIT
1.71 mjl 1152: appears in a dependency line, the sources that precede it are
1.67 grant 1153: made before the sources that succeed it in the line.
1.71 mjl 1154: Loops are not
1.12 christos 1155: detected and targets that form loops will be silently ignored.
1.1 cgd 1156: .El
1.57 wiz 1157: .Sh SPECIAL TARGETS
1.1 cgd 1158: Special targets may not be included with other targets, i.e. they must be
1159: the only target specified.
1.61 ross 1160: .Bl -tag -width .BEGINx
1.1 cgd 1161: .It Ic .BEGIN
1162: Any command lines attached to this target are executed before anything
1163: else is done.
1164: .It Ic .DEFAULT
1165: This is sort of a
1166: .Ic .USE
1167: rule for any target (that was used only as a
1168: source) that
1.25 lukem 1169: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1170: can't figure out any other way to create.
1171: Only the shell script is used.
1172: The
1173: .Ic .IMPSRC
1174: variable of a target that inherits
1175: .Ic .DEFAULT Ns 's
1176: commands is set
1177: to the target's own name.
1178: .It Ic .END
1179: Any command lines attached to this target are executed after everything
1180: else is done.
1181: .It Ic .IGNORE
1182: Mark each of the sources with the
1183: .Ic .IGNORE
1184: attribute.
1185: If no sources are specified, this is the equivalent of specifying the
1186: .Fl i
1187: option.
1188: .It Ic .INTERRUPT
1189: If
1.25 lukem 1190: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1191: is interrupted, the commands for this target will be executed.
1192: .It Ic .MAIN
1193: If no target is specified when
1.25 lukem 1194: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1195: is invoked, this target will be built.
1196: .It Ic .MAKEFLAGS
1197: This target provides a way to specify flags for
1.25 lukem 1198: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1199: when the makefile is used.
1200: The flags are as if typed to the shell, though the
1201: .Fl f
1202: option will have
1203: no effect.
1.12 christos 1204: .\" XXX: NOT YET!!!!
1205: .\" .It Ic .NOTPARALLEL
1.70 wiz 1206: .\" The named targets are executed in non parallel mode.
1207: .\" If no targets are
1.12 christos 1208: .\" specified, then all targets are executed in non parallel mode.
1.20 gwr 1209: .It Ic .NOPATH
1210: Apply the
1211: .Ic .NOPATH
1.67 grant 1212: attribute to any specified sources.
1213: Targets with this attribute are not
1.21 mycroft 1214: searched for in the directories specified by
1215: .Ic .PATH .
1.12 christos 1216: .It Ic .NOTPARALLEL
1217: Disable parallel mode.
1218: .It Ic .NO_PARALLEL
1219: Same as above, for compatibility with other pmake variants.
1220: .It Ic .ORDER
1221: The named targets are made in sequence.
1222: .\" XXX: NOT YET!!!!
1223: .\" .It Ic .PARALLEL
1.70 wiz 1224: .\" The named targets are executed in parallel mode.
1225: .\" If no targets are
1.12 christos 1226: .\" specified, then all targets are executed in parallel mode.
1.1 cgd 1227: .It Ic .PATH
1228: The sources are directories which are to be searched for files not
1229: found in the current directory.
1230: If no sources are specified, any previously specified directories are
1231: deleted.
1.34 thorpej 1232: If the source is the special
1233: .Ic .DOTLAST
1234: target, then the current working
1.33 thorpej 1235: directory is searched last.
1.14 christos 1236: .It Ic .PHONY
1237: Apply the
1238: .Ic .PHONY
1.67 grant 1239: attribute to any specified sources.
1240: Targets with this attribute do not
1.19 mycroft 1241: correspond to actual files; they are always considered to be out of date,
1242: and will not be created with the
1243: .Fl t
1244: option.
1.1 cgd 1245: .It Ic .PRECIOUS
1246: Apply the
1247: .Ic .PRECIOUS
1248: attribute to any specified sources.
1249: If no sources are specified, the
1250: .Ic .PRECIOUS
1251: attribute is applied to every
1252: target in the file.
1253: .It Ic .SILENT
1254: Apply the
1255: .Ic .SILENT
1256: attribute to any specified sources.
1257: If no sources are specified, the
1258: .Ic .SILENT
1259: attribute is applied to every
1260: command in the file.
1261: .It Ic .SUFFIXES
1262: Each source specifies a suffix to
1.74 wiz 1263: .Nm .
1.71 mjl 1264: If no sources are specified, any previously specified suffixes are deleted.
1.31 ross 1265: .El
1.1 cgd 1266: .Sh ENVIRONMENT
1.25 lukem 1267: .Nm
1.73 perry 1268: uses the following environment variables, if they exist:
1.16 christos 1269: .Ev MACHINE ,
1.26 hubertf 1270: .Ev MACHINE_ARCH ,
1.1 cgd 1271: .Ev MAKE ,
1.16 christos 1272: .Ev MAKEFLAGS ,
1273: .Ev MAKEOBJDIR ,
1.38 sjg 1274: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX ,
1.76 jrf 1275: .Ev MAKESYSPATH ,
1.1 cgd 1276: and
1.16 christos 1277: .Ev PWD .
1.57 wiz 1278: .Pp
1.38 sjg 1279: If
1280: .Ev MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1281: is set, then
1282: .Nm
1.48 wiz 1283: will
1.38 sjg 1284: .Xr chdir 2
1285: to ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR} if it exists.
1286: Otherwise if
1287: .Ev MAKEOBJDIR
1288: and the named directory exists
1289: .Nm
1.48 wiz 1290: will
1.38 sjg 1291: .Xr chdir 2
1292: to it.
1.48 wiz 1293: These actions are taken before any makefiles are read which is why they
1.38 sjg 1294: need to be set in the environment.
1.1 cgd 1295: .Sh FILES
1296: .Bl -tag -width /usr/share/mk -compact
1297: .It .depend
1298: list of dependencies
1299: .It Makefile
1300: list of dependencies
1301: .It makefile
1302: list of dependencies
1303: .It sys.mk
1304: system makefile
1305: .It /usr/share/mk
1306: system makefile directory
1307: .El
1308: .Sh SEE ALSO
1309: .Xr mkdep 1
1310: .Sh HISTORY
1311: A
1.25 lukem 1312: .Nm
1.1 cgd 1313: command appeared in
1314: .At v7 .
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