Annotation of src/sbin/gpt/gpt.8, Revision 1.44
1.44 ! martin 1: .\" $NetBSD: gpt.8,v 1.43 2015/12/06 09:36:57 wiz Exp $
1.2 wiz 2: .\"
1.1 christos 3: .\" Copyright (c) 2002 Marcel Moolenaar
4: .\" All rights reserved.
5: .\"
6: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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10: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12: .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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14: .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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17: .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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27: .\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/gpt/gpt.8,v 1.17 2006/06/22 22:22:32 marcel Exp $
28: .\"
1.44 ! martin 29: .Dd December 25, 2015
1.4 joerg 30: .Dt GPT 8
1.1 christos 31: .Os
32: .Sh NAME
33: .Nm gpt
1.2 wiz 34: .Nd GUID partition table maintenance utility
1.1 christos 35: .Sh SYNOPSIS
36: .Nm
1.39 christos 37: .Op Fl nrqv
1.38 christos 38: .Op Fl m Ar mediasize
39: .Op Fl s Ar sectorsize
1.1 christos 40: .Ar command
41: .Op Ar command_options
1.40 christos 42: .Ar device
1.1 christos 43: .Sh DESCRIPTION
44: The
45: .Nm
46: utility provides the necessary functionality to manipulate GUID partition
1.14 jnemeth 47: tables
48: .Pq GPTs ,
49: but see
1.1 christos 50: .Sx BUGS
51: below for how and where functionality is missing.
52: The basic usage model of the
53: .Nm
54: tool follows that of the
55: .Xr cvs 1
56: tool.
57: The general options are described in the following paragraph.
58: The remaining paragraphs describe the individual commands with their options.
59: Here we conclude by mentioning that a
60: .Ar device
61: is either a special file
62: corresponding to a disk-like device or a regular file.
63: The command is applied to each
64: .Ar device
65: listed on the command line.
66: .Ss General Options
67: The general options allow the user to change default settings or otherwise
68: change the behaviour that is applicable to all commands.
69: Not all commands use all default settings, so some general options may not
70: have an effect on all commands.
1.38 christos 71: .Bl -tag -width XXXX
72: .It Fl m Ar mediasize
73: Override the default media size for the device (obtained
1.33 christos 74: from the kernel if possible) or defaulting to the file size for
75: plain files.
1.38 christos 76: .It Fl n
77: Don't update the wedge information that
78: .Nm
79: changed.
80: You need to use the
81: .Xr dkctl 8
82: command manually update the device's wedge configuration if you do that.
83: .It Fl r
84: Open the device for reading only.
1.1 christos 85: .Nm
86: Currently this option is primarily useful for the
87: .Ic show
1.38 christos 88: command, but the intent is to use it to implement dry-run behaviour.
89: .It Fl q
90: Don't print error messages.
91: This is not implemented completely yet.
92: .It Fl s Ar sectorsize
93: Override the default sector size for the device (obtained
1.33 christos 94: from the kernel if possible) or
95: .Dv 512
96: for plain files.
1.38 christos 97: .It Fl v
98: Controls the verbosity level.
1.1 christos 99: The level increases with every occurrence of this option.
100: There is no formalized definition of the different levels yet.
1.38 christos 101: .El
1.1 christos 102: .Ss Commands
103: .Bl -tag -width indent
104: .\" ==== add ====
1.19 jnemeth 105: .It Nm Ic add Oo Fl a Ar alignment Oc Oo Fl b Ar blocknr Oc \
1.23 jnemeth 106: Oo Fl i Ar index Oc Oo Fl l Ar label Oc Oo Fl s Ar size Oc \
1.40 christos 107: Oo Fl t Ar type Oc
1.1 christos 108: The
109: .Ic add
110: command allows the user to add a new partition to an existing table.
111: By default, it will create a UFS partition covering the first available block
112: of an unused disk space.
113: The command-specific options can be used to control this behaviour.
114: .Pp
115: The
1.15 jnemeth 116: .Fl a Ar alignment
117: option allows the user to specify an alignment for the start and size.
118: The alignment may have a suffix to indicate its magnitude.
119: .Nm
120: will attempt to align the partition.
121: .Pp
122: The
1.19 jnemeth 123: .Fl b Ar blocknr
1.1 christos 124: option allows the user to specify the starting (beginning) sector number of
125: the partition.
126: The minimum sector number is 1, but has to fall inside an unused region of
127: disk space that is covered by the GPT.
128: .Pp
129: The
130: .Fl i Ar index
131: option allows the user to specify which (free) entry in the GPT table is to
132: be used for the new partition.
133: By default, the first free entry is selected.
134: .Pp
135: The
1.15 jnemeth 136: .Fl l Ar label
137: option allows the user to specify a label for the partition.
138: .Pp
139: The
1.23 jnemeth 140: .Fl s Ar size
141: option allows the user to specify the size of the partition.
142: If there is no suffix, or the suffix is
143: .Sq s
144: or
145: .Sq S
146: then size is in sectors, otherwise size is in bytes which must be
147: a multiple of the device's sector size.
148: The minimum size is 1 sector.
1.1 christos 149: .Pp
150: The
151: .Fl t Ar type
152: option allows the user to specify the partition type.
153: The type is given as an UUID, but
154: .Nm
155: accepts
1.35 mlelstv 156: .Bl -tag -width "windows-reserved" -compact -offset indent
157: .It Cm apple
158: Apple HFS
159: .It Cm apple-ufs
160: Apple UFS
161: .It Cm bios
162: BIOS Boot
163: .It Cm efi
164: EFI System
165: .It Cm fbsd-legacy
166: FreeBSD legacy
167: .It Cm fbsd-swap
168: FreeBSD swap
169: .It Cm fbsd-ufs
170: FreeBSD UFS/UFS2
171: .It Cm fbsd-vinum
172: FreeBSD vinum
173: .It Cm fbsd-zfs
174: FreeBSD ZFS
175: .It Cm linux-data
176: Linux data
177: .It Cm linux-raid
178: Linux RAID
179: .It Cm linux-swap
180: Linux swap
181: .It Cm linux-lvm
182: Linux LVM
183: .It Cm windows
184: Windows basic data
185: .It Cm windows-reserved
186: Windows reserved
187: .It Cm ccd
188: NetBSD ccd component
189: .It Cm cgd
190: NetBSD Cryptographic Disk
191: .It Cm ffs
192: NetBSD FFSv1/FFSv2
193: .It Cm lfs
194: NetBSD LFS
195: .It Cm raid
196: NetBSD RAIDFrame component
197: .It Cm swap
198: NetBSD swap
199: .El
1.1 christos 200: as aliases for the most commonly used partition types.
1.27 jnemeth 201: .\" ==== backup ====
1.41 christos 202: .It Nm Ic backup Oo Fl o Ar outfile Oc
1.27 jnemeth 203: The
204: .Ic backup
205: command dumps the MBR or (PMBR) and GPT partition tables to standard
1.41 christos 206: output or to a file specified by the
207: .Ar outfile
208: argument in a format to be used by the
1.27 jnemeth 209: .Ic restore
210: command.
211: The format is a plist.
212: It should not be modified.
1.7 jym 213: .\" ==== biosboot ====
1.32 jnemeth 214: .It Nm Ic biosboot Oo Fl c Ar bootcode Oc Oo Fl i Ar index Oc \
1.40 christos 215: Oo Fl L Ar label Oc
1.7 jym 216: The
217: .Ic biosboot
218: command allows the user to configure the partition that contains the
219: primary bootstrap program, used during
220: .Xr boot 8 .
221: .Pp
222: The
223: .Fl c
224: option allows the user to specify the filename that
225: .Nm
226: should read the bootcode from.
227: The default is to read from
1.10 drochner 228: .Pa /usr/mdec/gptmbr.bin .
1.7 jym 229: .Pp
230: The
231: .Fl i
232: option selects the partition that should contain the primary
233: bootstrap code, as installed via
234: .Xr installboot 8 .
1.32 jnemeth 235: The
236: .Fl L
237: option selects the partition by label.
238: If there are multiple partitions with the same label, it will use the
239: first one found.
1.1 christos 240: .\" ==== create ====
1.40 christos 241: .It Nm Ic create Oo Fl fP Oc Oo Fl p Ar partitions Oc
1.1 christos 242: The
243: .Ic create
244: command allows the user to create a new (empty) GPT.
245: By default, one cannot create a GPT when the device contains a MBR,
246: however this can be overridden with the
247: .Fl f
248: option.
249: If the
250: .Fl f
251: option is specified, an existing MBR is destroyed and any partitions
252: described by the MBR are lost.
253: .Pp
254: The
1.39 christos 255: .Fl P
1.1 christos 256: option tells
257: .Nm
258: to create only the primary table and not the backup table.
259: This option is only useful for debugging and should not be used otherwise.
1.39 christos 260: .Pp
261: The
262: .Fl p
263: option changes the default number of partitions the GPT can
264: accommodate.
265: This is used whenever a new GPT is created.
266: By default, the
267: .Nm
268: utility will create space for 128 partitions (or 32 sectors of 512 bytes).
1.1 christos 269: .\" ==== destroy ====
1.40 christos 270: .It Nm Ic destroy Oo Fl r Oc
1.1 christos 271: The
272: .Ic destroy
273: command allows the user to destroy an existing, possibly not empty GPT.
274: .Pp
275: The
276: .Fl r
277: option instructs
278: .Nm
279: to destroy the table in a way that it can be recovered.
1.37 jnemeth 280: .\" ==== header ====
1.40 christos 281: .It Nm Ic header
1.37 jnemeth 282: The
283: .Ic header
284: command displays size information about the media and information from the
285: GPT header if it exists.
1.1 christos 286: .\" ==== label ====
1.40 christos 287: .It Nm Ic label Oo Fl a Oc Ao Fl f Ar file | Fl l Ar label Ac
1.19 jnemeth 288: .It Nm Ic label Oo Fl b Ar blocknr Oc Oo Fl i Ar index Oc \
1.32 jnemeth 289: Oo Fl L Ar label Oc Oo Fl s Ar sectors Oc Oo Fl t Ar type Oc \
1.40 christos 290: Ao Fl f Ar file | Fl l Ar label Ac
1.1 christos 291: The
292: .Ic label
293: command allows the user to label any partitions that match the selection.
294: At least one of the following selection options must be specified.
295: .Pp
296: The
297: .Fl a
298: option specifies that all partitions should be labeled.
299: It is mutually exclusive with all other selection options.
300: .Pp
301: The
1.19 jnemeth 302: .Fl b Ar blocknr
1.1 christos 303: option selects the partition that starts at the given block number.
304: .Pp
305: The
306: .Fl i Ar index
307: option selects the partition with the given partition number.
308: .Pp
309: The
1.32 jnemeth 310: .Fl L Ar label
311: option selects all partitions that have the given label.
312: This can cause multiple partitions to be relabeled.
313: .Pp
314: The
1.19 jnemeth 315: .Fl s Ar sectors
1.1 christos 316: option selects all partitions that have the given size.
1.14 jnemeth 317: This can cause multiple partitions to be labeled.
1.1 christos 318: .Pp
319: The
320: .Fl t Ar type
321: option selects all partitions that have the given type.
322: The type is given as an UUID or by the aliases that the
323: .Ic add
324: command accepts.
1.14 jnemeth 325: This can cause multiple partitions to be labeled.
1.1 christos 326: .Pp
327: The
328: .Fl f Ar file
329: or
330: .Fl l Ar label
331: options specify the new label to be assigned to the selected partitions.
332: The
333: .Fl f Ar file
334: option is used to read the label from the specified file.
335: Only the first line is read from the file and the trailing newline
336: character is stripped.
337: If the file name is the dash or minus sign
338: .Pq Fl ,
339: the label is read from
340: the standard input.
341: The
342: .Fl l Ar label
343: option is used to specify the label in the command line.
344: The label is assumed to be encoded in UTF-8.
345: .\" ==== migrate ====
1.40 christos 346: .It Nm Ic migrate Oo Fl fs Oc Oo Fl p Ar partitions Oc
1.1 christos 347: The
348: .Ic migrate
349: command allows the user to migrate an MBR-based disk partitioning into a
350: GPT-based partitioning.
351: By default, the MBR is not migrated when it contains partitions of an unknown
352: type.
353: This can be overridden with the
354: .Fl f
355: option.
356: Specifying the
357: .Fl f
358: option will cause unknown partitions to be ignored and any data in it
359: to be lost.
360: .Pp
361: The
362: .Fl s
363: option prevents migrating
364: .Bx
365: disk labels into GPT partitions by creating
366: the GPT equivalent of a slice.
1.14 jnemeth 367: Note that the
368: .Fl s
369: option isn't applicable to
370: .Nx
371: partitions.
372: .Pp
373: The
1.39 christos 374: .Fl p
375: option changes the default number of partitions the GPT can
376: accommodate.
377: This is used whenever a new GPT is created.
378: By default, the
379: .Nm
380: utility will create space for 128 partitions (or 32 sectors of 512 bytes).
381: .Pp
382: The
1.14 jnemeth 383: .Ic migrate
384: command requires space at the beginning and the end of the device outside
385: any partitions to store the GPTs.
386: Space is required for the GPT header
387: .Pq which takes one sector
388: and the GPT partition table.
389: See the
390: .Fl p
391: option
392: for the size of the GPT partition table.
393: By default, just about all devices have a minimum of 62 sectors free at the
394: beginning of the device, but don't have any free space at the end.
395: For the default GPT partition table size on a 512 byte sector size device,
396: 33 sectors at the end of the device would need to be freed.
1.8 wiz 397: .\" ==== recover ====
1.40 christos 398: .It Nm Ic recover
1.8 wiz 399: The
400: .Ic recover
401: command tries to restore the GPT partition label from the backup
402: near the end of the disk.
403: It is very useful in case the primary label was deleted.
1.1 christos 404: .\" ==== remove ====
1.40 christos 405: .It Nm Ic remove Oo Fl a Oc
1.19 jnemeth 406: .It Nm Ic remove Oo Fl b Ar blocknr Oc Oo Fl i Ar index Oc \
1.40 christos 407: Oo Fl L Ar label Oc Oo Fl s Ar sectors Oc Oo Fl t Ar type Oc
1.1 christos 408: The
409: .Ic remove
410: command allows the user to remove any and all partitions that match the
411: selection.
412: It uses the same selection options as the
413: .Ic label
414: command.
415: See above for a description of these options.
416: Partitions are removed by clearing the partition type.
417: No other information is changed.
1.17 jnemeth 418: .\" ==== resize ====
419: .It Nm Ic resize Fl i Ar index Oo Fl a Ar alignment Oc \
1.40 christos 420: Oo Fl s Ar size Oc
1.17 jnemeth 421: The
422: .Ic resize
423: command allows the user to resize a partition.
1.18 wiz 424: The partition may be shrunk and if there is sufficient free space
1.17 jnemeth 425: immediately after it then it may be expanded.
426: The
427: .Fl s
428: option allows the new size to be specified, otherwise the partition will
429: be increased to the maximum available size.
1.23 jnemeth 430: If there is no suffix, or the suffix is
431: .Sq s
432: or
433: .Sq S
434: then size is in sectors, otherwise size is in bytes which must be
435: a multiple of the device's sector size.
436: The minimum size is 1 sector.
1.17 jnemeth 437: If the
438: .Fl a
439: option is specified then the size will be adjusted to be a multiple of
440: alignment if possible.
1.30 jnemeth 441: .\" ==== resizedisk ====
1.40 christos 442: .It Nm Ic resizedisk Oo Fl s Ar size Oc
1.30 jnemeth 443: The
444: .Ic resizedisk
445: command allows the user to resize a disk.
446: With GPTs, a backup copy is stored at the end of the disk.
447: If the underlying medium changes size
448: .Pq or is going to change size ,
449: then the backup copy needs to be moved to the new end of the disk,
450: and the last sector available for data storage needs to be adjusted.
451: This command does that.
452: If the backup copy no longer exists due to the medium shrinking, then
453: a new backup copy will be created using the primary copy.
454: .Pp
455: The
456: .Fl s
457: option allows the new size to be specified, otherwise the backup copy
458: will automatically be placed at the current end of the disk.
459: If there is no suffix, or the suffix is
460: .Sq s
461: or
462: .Sq S
463: then size is in sectors, otherwise size is in bytes which must be
464: a multiple of the device's sector size.
465: Using the
466: .Fl s
467: option allows you to move the backup copy prior to resizing the medium.
468: This is primarily useful when shrinking the medium.
1.29 jnemeth 469: .\" ==== restore ====
1.41 christos 470: .It Nm Ic restore Oo Fl F Oc Oo Fl i Ar infile Oc
1.29 jnemeth 471: The
472: .Ic restore
473: command restores a partition table that was previously saved using the
474: .Ic backup
475: command.
1.41 christos 476: The partition table is read from standard input or a file specified in
477: the
478: .Ar infile
479: argument and is expected to be in the format of a plist.
1.29 jnemeth 480: It assumes an empty disk.
481: The
482: .Fl F
483: option can be used to blank the disk.
484: The new disk does not have to be the same size as the old disk as long as all
485: the partitions fit, as
486: .Ic restore
487: will automatically adjust.
488: However, the new disk must use the same sector size as the old disk.
1.25 jnemeth 489: .\" ==== set ====
1.40 christos 490: .It Nm Ic set Fl a Ar attribute Fl i Ar index
1.42 christos 491: .It Nm Ic set Fl l
1.25 jnemeth 492: The
493: .Ic set
494: command sets various partition attributes.
495: The
1.42 christos 496: .Fl l
497: flag lists all available attributes.
498: The
1.25 jnemeth 499: .Fl a
1.42 christos 500: option specifies which attributes to set and may be specified more than once,
501: or the attributes can be comma-separated.
1.25 jnemeth 502: The
503: .Fl i
504: option specifies which entry to update.
505: The possible attributes are
506: .Do biosboot Dc ,
507: .Do bootme Dc ,
1.42 christos 508: .Do bootonce Dc ,
509: .Do bootfailed Dc ,
510: .Do noblockio Dc , and
511: .Do required Dc .
1.25 jnemeth 512: The biosboot flag is used to indicate which partition should be booted
513: by legacy BIOS boot code.
514: See the
515: .Ic biosboot
516: command for more information.
1.42 christos 517: The other attributes are for compatibility with
1.25 jnemeth 518: .Fx
519: and are not currently used by any
520: .Nx
521: code.
522: They may be used by
523: .Nx
524: code in the future.
1.1 christos 525: .\" ==== show ====
1.44 ! martin 526: .It Nm Ic show Oo Fl glu Oc Oo Fl i Ar index Oc Oo Fl a Oc
1.1 christos 527: The
528: .Ic show
529: command displays the current partitioning on the listed devices and gives
530: an overall view of the disk contents.
531: With the
1.21 jnemeth 532: .Fl g
533: option the GPT partition GUID will be displayed instead of the GPT partition
534: type.
535: With the
1.1 christos 536: .Fl l
537: option the GPT partition label will be displayed instead of the GPT partition
538: type.
539: With the
540: .Fl u
541: option the GPT partition type is displayed as an UUID instead of in a
542: user friendly form.
1.21 jnemeth 543: With the
544: .Fl i
545: option, all the details of a particular GPT partition will be displayed.
1.24 jnemeth 546: The format of this display is subject to change.
1.44 ! martin 547: With the
! 548: .Fl a
! 549: option, all information for all GPT partitions (just like with
! 550: .Fl i Ar index )
! 551: will be printed.
1.21 jnemeth 552: None of the options have any effect on non-GPT partitions.
553: The order of precedence for the options are:
1.44 ! martin 554: .Fl a ,
1.21 jnemeth 555: .Fl i ,
556: .Fl l ,
557: .Fl g ,
558: .Fl u .
1.31 jnemeth 559: .\" ==== type ====
1.40 christos 560: .It Nm Ic type Oo Fl a Oc Fl T Ar newtype
1.31 jnemeth 561: .It Nm Ic type Oo Fl b Ar blocknr Oc Oo Fl i Ar index Oc \
1.42 christos 562: .It Nm Ic type Oo Fl b Ar blocknr Oc Oo Fl i Ar index Oc \
1.32 jnemeth 563: Oo Fl L Ar label Oc Oo Fl s Ar sectors Oc Oo Fl t Ar type Oc \
1.40 christos 564: Fl T Ar newtype
1.42 christos 565: .It Nm Ic type Fl l
1.31 jnemeth 566: The
567: .Ic type
568: command allows the user to change the type of any and all partitions
569: that match the selection.
570: It uses the same selection options as the
571: .Ic label
572: command.
573: See above for a description of these options.
1.42 christos 574: The
575: .Fl l
576: flag lists available types.
1.25 jnemeth 577: .\" ==== unset ====
1.40 christos 578: .It Nm Ic unset Fl a Ar attribute Fl i Ar index
1.43 wiz 579: .It Nm Ic unset Fl l
1.25 jnemeth 580: The
581: .Ic unset
582: command unsets various partition attributes.
583: The
1.42 christos 584: .Fl l
585: flag lists all available attributes.
586: The
1.25 jnemeth 587: .Fl a
1.26 wiz 588: option specifies which attributes to unset and may be specified more than once.
1.25 jnemeth 589: The
590: .Fl i
591: option specifies which entry to update.
592: The possible attributes are
593: .Do biosboot Dc ,
594: .Do bootme Dc ,
1.42 christos 595: .Do bootonce Dc ,
596: .Do bootfailed Dc ,
597: .Do noblockio Dc , and
598: .Do required Dc .
1.25 jnemeth 599: The biosboot flag is used to indicate which partition should be booted
600: by legacy BIOS boot code.
601: See the
602: .Ic biosboot
603: command for more information.
1.42 christos 604: The other attributes are for compatibility with
1.25 jnemeth 605: .Fx
606: and are not currently used by any
607: .Nx
608: code.
609: They may be used by
610: .Nx
611: code in the future.
1.1 christos 612: .El
1.9 wiz 613: .Sh EXAMPLES
614: .Bd -literal
615: nas# gpt show wd3
616: start size index contents
617: 0 1 PMBR
618: 1 3907029167
619: nas# gpt create wd3
620: nas# gpt show wd3
621: start size index contents
622: 0 1 PMBR
623: 1 1 Pri GPT header
624: 2 32 Pri GPT table
625: 34 3907029101
626: 3907029135 32 Sec GPT table
627: 3907029167 1 Sec GPT header
628: nas# gpt add -s 10486224 -t swap -i 1 wd3
629: nas# gpt label -i 1 -l swap_1 wd3
630: parition 1 on rwd3d labeled swap_1
631: nas# gpt show wd3
632: start size index contents
633: 0 1 PMBR
634: 1 1 Pri GPT header
635: 2 32 Pri GPT table
636: 34 10486224 1 GPT part - NetBSD swap
637: 10486258 3896542877
638: 3907029135 32 Sec GPT table
639: 3907029167 1 Sec GPT header
1.14 jnemeth 640: nas# gpt show -l wd3
641: start size index contents
642: 0 1 PMBR
643: 1 1 Pri GPT header
644: 2 32 Pri GPT table
645: 34 10486224 1 GPT part - "swap_1"
646: 10486258 3896542877
647: 3907029135 32 Sec GPT table
648: 3907029167 1 Sec GPT header
1.9 wiz 649: nas#
650: .Ed
1.1 christos 651: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.7 jym 652: .Xr boot 8 ,
1.38 christos 653: .Xr dkctl 8 ,
1.1 christos 654: .Xr fdisk 8 ,
1.7 jym 655: .Xr installboot 8 ,
1.1 christos 656: .Xr mount 8 ,
657: .Xr newfs 8 ,
658: .Xr swapon 8
659: .Sh HISTORY
660: The
661: .Nm
662: utility appeared in
663: .Fx 5.0
664: for ia64.
665: .Sh BUGS
666: The development of the
667: .Nm
668: utility is still work in progress.
669: Many necessary features are missing or partially implemented.
670: In practice this means that the manual page, supposed to describe these
671: features, is farther removed from being complete or useful.
672: As such, missing functionality is not even documented as missing.
673: However, it is believed that the currently present functionality is reliable
674: and stable enough that this tool can be used without bullet-proof footware if
675: one thinks one does not make mistakes.
676: .Pp
677: It is expected that the basic usage model does not change, but it is
678: possible that future versions will not be compatible in the strictest sense
679: of the word.
680: Also, options primarily intended for diagnostic or debug purposes may be
681: removed in future versions.
682: .Pp
683: Another possibility is that the current usage model is accompanied by
684: other interfaces to make the tool usable as a back-end.
685: This all depends on demand and thus feedback.
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