Annotation of src/lib/libc/sys/kqueue.2, Revision 1.26
1.26 ! mbalmer 1: .\" $NetBSD: kqueue.2,v 1.25 2009/10/24 17:49:58 christos Exp $
1.3 jdolecek 2: .\"
1.1 lukem 3: .\" Copyright (c) 2000 Jonathan Lemon
4: .\" All rights reserved.
5: .\"
1.16 jdolecek 6: .\" Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
1.3 jdolecek 7: .\" All rights reserved.
8: .\"
9: .\" Portions of this documentation is derived from text contributed by
10: .\" Luke Mewburn.
11: .\"
1.1 lukem 12: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
13: .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14: .\" are met:
15: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
17: .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
18: .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
19: .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
20: .\"
21: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND
22: .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23: .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24: .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25: .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26: .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27: .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28: .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29: .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30: .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31: .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
32: .\"
33: .\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/sys/kqueue.2,v 1.22 2001/06/27 19:55:57 dd Exp $
34: .\"
1.25 christos 35: .Dd October 24, 2009
1.1 lukem 36: .Dt KQUEUE 2
37: .Os
38: .Sh NAME
39: .Nm kqueue ,
40: .Nm kevent
41: .Nd kernel event notification mechanism
42: .Sh LIBRARY
43: .Lb libc
44: .Sh SYNOPSIS
1.18 wiz 45: .In sys/event.h
46: .In sys/time.h
1.1 lukem 47: .Ft int
48: .Fn kqueue "void"
49: .Ft int
1.3 jdolecek 50: .Fn kevent "int kq" "const struct kevent *changelist" "size_t nchanges" "struct kevent *eventlist" "size_t nevents" "const struct timespec *timeout"
1.20 wiz 51: .Fn EV_SET "\*[Am]kev" ident filter flags fflags data udata
1.1 lukem 52: .Sh DESCRIPTION
53: .Fn kqueue
54: provides a generic method of notifying the user when an event
55: happens or a condition holds, based on the results of small
56: pieces of kernel code termed filters.
57: A kevent is identified by the (ident, filter) pair; there may only
58: be one unique kevent per kqueue.
59: .Pp
60: The filter is executed upon the initial registration of a kevent
61: in order to detect whether a preexisting condition is present, and is also
62: executed whenever an event is passed to the filter for evaluation.
63: If the filter determines that the condition should be reported,
64: then the kevent is placed on the kqueue for the user to retrieve.
65: .Pp
66: The filter is also run when the user attempts to retrieve the kevent
67: from the kqueue.
68: If the filter indicates that the condition that triggered
69: the event no longer holds, the kevent is removed from the kqueue and
1.6 wiz 70: is not returned.
1.1 lukem 71: .Pp
72: Multiple events which trigger the filter do not result in multiple
73: kevents being placed on the kqueue; instead, the filter will aggregate
74: the events into a single struct kevent.
75: Calling
76: .Fn close
77: on a file descriptor will remove any kevents that reference the descriptor.
78: .Pp
79: .Fn kqueue
80: creates a new kernel event queue and returns a descriptor.
81: The queue is not inherited by a child created with
82: .Xr fork 2 .
1.22 wiz 83: .\" However, if
84: .\" .Xr rfork 2
85: .\" is called without the
86: .\" .Dv RFFDG
87: .\" flag, then the descriptor table is shared,
88: .\" which will allow sharing of the kqueue between two processes.
1.1 lukem 89: .Pp
90: .Fn kevent
91: is used to register events with the queue, and return any pending
92: events to the user.
93: .Fa changelist
94: is a pointer to an array of
1.6 wiz 95: .Va kevent
1.1 lukem 96: structures, as defined in
97: .Aq Pa sys/event.h .
1.6 wiz 98: All changes contained in the
1.1 lukem 99: .Fa changelist
100: are applied before any pending events are read from the queue.
101: .Fa nchanges
102: gives the size of
103: .Fa changelist .
104: .Fa eventlist
1.6 wiz 105: is a pointer to an array of kevent structures.
1.1 lukem 106: .Fa nevents
107: determines the size of
108: .Fa eventlist .
109: If
110: .Fa timeout
1.6 wiz 111: is a
112: .No non- Ns Dv NULL
113: pointer, it specifies a maximum interval to wait
1.7 wiz 114: for an event, which will be interpreted as a struct timespec.
115: If
1.1 lukem 116: .Fa timeout
1.6 wiz 117: is a
118: .Dv NULL
119: pointer,
1.1 lukem 120: .Fn kevent
1.7 wiz 121: waits indefinitely.
122: To effect a poll, the
1.1 lukem 123: .Fa timeout
1.6 wiz 124: argument should be
125: .No non- Ns Dv NULL ,
126: pointing to a zero-valued
1.1 lukem 127: .Va timespec
1.7 wiz 128: structure.
129: The same array may be used for the
1.1 lukem 130: .Fa changelist
1.6 wiz 131: and
1.1 lukem 132: .Fa eventlist .
133: .Pp
134: .Fn EV_SET
135: is a macro which is provided for ease of initializing a
136: kevent structure.
137: .Pp
138: The
139: .Va kevent
140: structure is defined as:
141: .Bd -literal
142: struct kevent {
143: uintptr_t ident; /* identifier for this event */
1.3 jdolecek 144: uint32_t filter; /* filter for event */
145: uint32_t flags; /* action flags for kqueue */
146: uint32_t fflags; /* filter flag value */
1.11 jdolecek 147: int64_t data; /* filter data value */
1.12 jdolecek 148: intptr_t udata; /* opaque user data identifier */
1.1 lukem 149: };
150: .Ed
151: .Pp
152: The fields of
153: .Fa struct kevent
154: are:
1.3 jdolecek 155: .Bl -tag -width XXXfilter -offset indent
1.1 lukem 156: .It ident
157: Value used to identify this event.
158: The exact interpretation is determined by the attached filter,
159: but often is a file descriptor.
160: .It filter
1.3 jdolecek 161: Identifies the kernel filter used to process this event.
162: There are pre-defined system filters (which are described below), and
163: other filters may be added by kernel subsystems as necessary.
1.1 lukem 164: .It flags
165: Actions to perform on the event.
166: .It fflags
167: Filter-specific flags.
168: .It data
1.6 wiz 169: Filter-specific data value.
1.1 lukem 170: .It udata
171: Opaque user-defined value passed through the kernel unchanged.
172: .El
173: .Pp
174: The
175: .Va flags
176: field can contain the following values:
1.3 jdolecek 177: .Bl -tag -width XXXEV_ONESHOT -offset indent
1.1 lukem 178: .It EV_ADD
1.7 wiz 179: Adds the event to the kqueue.
180: Re-adding an existing event will modify the parameters of the original
181: event, and not result in a duplicate entry.
182: Adding an event automatically enables it,
1.1 lukem 183: unless overridden by the EV_DISABLE flag.
184: .It EV_ENABLE
185: Permit
186: .Fn kevent
187: to return the event if it is triggered.
188: .It EV_DISABLE
189: Disable the event so
190: .Fn kevent
1.7 wiz 191: will not return it.
192: The filter itself is not disabled.
1.1 lukem 193: .It EV_DELETE
1.7 wiz 194: Removes the event from the kqueue.
195: Events which are attached to file descriptors are automatically deleted
196: on the last close of the descriptor.
1.1 lukem 197: .It EV_ONESHOT
198: Causes the event to return only the first occurrence of the filter
1.7 wiz 199: being triggered.
200: After the user retrieves the event from the kqueue, it is deleted.
1.1 lukem 201: .It EV_CLEAR
202: After the event is retrieved by the user, its state is reset.
203: This is useful for filters which report state transitions
1.7 wiz 204: instead of the current state.
205: Note that some filters may automatically set this flag internally.
1.1 lukem 206: .It EV_EOF
207: Filters may set this flag to indicate filter-specific EOF condition.
208: .It EV_ERROR
209: See
210: .Sx RETURN VALUES
211: below.
212: .El
1.3 jdolecek 213: .Ss Filters
214: Filters are identified by a number.
215: There are two types of filters; pre-defined filters which
216: are described below, and third-party filters that may be added with
1.19 augustss 217: .Xr kfilter_register 9
1.3 jdolecek 218: by kernel sub-systems, third-party device drivers, or loadable
219: kernel modules.
220: .Pp
221: As a third-party filter is referenced by a well-known name instead
222: of a statically assigned number, two
1.6 wiz 223: .Xr ioctl 2 Ns s
1.3 jdolecek 224: are supported on the file descriptor returned by
225: .Fn kqueue
226: to map a filter name to a filter number, and vice-versa (passing
227: arguments in a structure described below):
228: .Bl -tag -width KFILTER_BYFILTER -offset indent
229: .It KFILTER_BYFILTER
230: Map
231: .Va filter
232: to
233: .Va name ,
234: which is of size
235: .Va len .
236: .It KFILTER_BYNAME
237: Map
238: .Va name
239: to
240: .Va filter .
241: .Va len
242: is ignored.
243: .El
244: .Pp
245: The following structure is used to pass arguments in and out of the
246: .Xr ioctl 2 :
247: .Bd -literal -offset indent
248: struct kfilter_mapping {
249: char *name; /* name to lookup or return */
250: size_t len; /* length of name */
251: uint32_t filter; /* filter to lookup or return */
252: };
253: .Ed
254: .Pp
1.6 wiz 255: Arguments may be passed to and from the filter via the
1.1 lukem 256: .Va fflags
257: and
258: .Va data
259: fields in the kevent structure.
1.3 jdolecek 260: .Pp
261: The predefined system filters are:
1.1 lukem 262: .Bl -tag -width EVFILT_SIGNAL
263: .It EVFILT_READ
264: Takes a descriptor as the identifier, and returns whenever
265: there is data available to read.
266: The behavior of the filter is slightly different depending
267: on the descriptor type.
268: .Pp
269: .Bl -tag -width 2n
270: .It Sockets
271: Sockets which have previously been passed to
272: .Fn listen
273: return when there is an incoming connection pending.
274: .Va data
1.3 jdolecek 275: contains the size of the listen backlog (i.e., the number of
276: connections ready to be accepted with
277: .Xr accept 2 . )
1.1 lukem 278: .Pp
279: Other socket descriptors return when there is data to be read,
280: subject to the
281: .Dv SO_RCVLOWAT
282: value of the socket buffer.
283: This may be overridden with a per-filter low water mark at the
1.6 wiz 284: time the filter is added by setting the
285: NOTE_LOWAT
286: flag in
1.1 lukem 287: .Va fflags ,
288: and specifying the new low water mark in
289: .Va data .
290: On return,
291: .Va data
292: contains the number of bytes in the socket buffer.
293: .Pp
294: If the read direction of the socket has shutdown, then the filter
295: also sets EV_EOF in
296: .Va flags ,
1.6 wiz 297: and returns the socket error (if any) in
1.1 lukem 298: .Va fflags .
299: It is possible for EOF to be returned (indicating the connection is gone)
300: while there is still data pending in the socket buffer.
301: .It Vnodes
302: Returns when the file pointer is not at the end of file.
303: .Va data
304: contains the offset from current position to end of file,
305: and may be negative.
306: .It "Fifos, Pipes"
1.26 ! mbalmer 307: Returns when there is data to read;
1.1 lukem 308: .Va data
309: contains the number of bytes available.
310: .Pp
311: When the last writer disconnects, the filter will set EV_EOF in
312: .Va flags .
313: This may be cleared by passing in EV_CLEAR, at which point the
314: filter will resume waiting for data to become available before
315: returning.
316: .El
317: .It EVFILT_WRITE
318: Takes a descriptor as the identifier, and returns whenever
1.7 wiz 319: it is possible to write to the descriptor.
320: For sockets, pipes, fifos, and ttys,
1.1 lukem 321: .Va data
322: will contain the amount of space remaining in the write buffer.
323: The filter will set EV_EOF when the reader disconnects, and for
324: the fifo case, this may be cleared by use of EV_CLEAR.
325: Note that this filter is not supported for vnodes.
326: .Pp
1.6 wiz 327: For sockets, the low water mark and socket error handling is
1.1 lukem 328: identical to the EVFILT_READ case.
329: .It EVFILT_AIO
1.3 jdolecek 330: This is not implemented in
331: .Nx .
332: .ig
1.1 lukem 333: The sigevent portion of the AIO request is filled in, with
1.6 wiz 334: .Va sigev_notify_kqueue
1.1 lukem 335: containing the descriptor of the kqueue that the event should
336: be attached to,
337: .Va sigev_value
1.6 wiz 338: containing the udata value, and
1.1 lukem 339: .Va sigev_notify
340: set to SIGEV_EVENT.
341: When the aio_* function is called, the event will be registered
342: with the specified kqueue, and the
343: .Va ident
344: argument set to the
345: .Fa struct aiocb
346: returned by the aio_* function.
347: The filter returns under the same conditions as aio_error.
348: .Pp
1.6 wiz 349: Alternatively, a kevent structure may be initialized, with
1.1 lukem 350: .Va ident
351: containing the descriptor of the kqueue, and the
352: address of the kevent structure placed in the
353: .Va aio_lio_opcode
1.7 wiz 354: field of the AIO request.
355: However, this approach will not work on
1.8 wiz 356: architectures with 64-bit pointers, and should be considered deprecated.
1.3 jdolecek 357: ..
1.1 lukem 358: .It EVFILT_VNODE
1.6 wiz 359: Takes a file descriptor as the identifier and the events to watch for in
1.1 lukem 360: .Va fflags ,
361: and returns when one or more of the requested events occurs on the descriptor.
362: The events to monitor are:
363: .Bl -tag -width XXNOTE_RENAME
364: .It NOTE_DELETE
365: .Fn unlink
366: was called on the file referenced by the descriptor.
367: .It NOTE_WRITE
368: A write occurred on the file referenced by the descriptor.
369: .It NOTE_EXTEND
370: The file referenced by the descriptor was extended.
371: .It NOTE_ATTRIB
372: The file referenced by the descriptor had its attributes changed.
373: .It NOTE_LINK
374: The link count on the file changed.
375: .It NOTE_RENAME
376: The file referenced by the descriptor was renamed.
377: .It NOTE_REVOKE
1.6 wiz 378: Access to the file was revoked via
1.1 lukem 379: .Xr revoke 2
380: or the underlying fileystem was unmounted.
381: .El
382: .Pp
383: On return,
384: .Va fflags
385: contains the events which triggered the filter.
386: .It EVFILT_PROC
1.6 wiz 387: Takes the process ID to monitor as the identifier and the events to watch for
1.1 lukem 388: in
389: .Va fflags ,
390: and returns when the process performs one or more of the requested events.
391: If a process can normally see another process, it can attach an event to it.
392: The events to monitor are:
393: .Bl -tag -width XXNOTE_TRACKERR
394: .It NOTE_EXIT
395: The process has exited.
396: .It NOTE_FORK
397: The process has called
398: .Fn fork .
399: .It NOTE_EXEC
1.6 wiz 400: The process has executed a new process via
1.1 lukem 401: .Xr execve 2
402: or similar call.
403: .It NOTE_TRACK
404: Follow a process across
405: .Fn fork
1.7 wiz 406: calls.
407: The parent process will return with NOTE_TRACK set in the
1.1 lukem 408: .Va fflags
409: field, while the child process will return with NOTE_CHILD set in
410: .Va fflags
1.6 wiz 411: and the parent PID in
1.1 lukem 412: .Va data .
413: .It NOTE_TRACKERR
414: This flag is returned if the system was unable to attach an event to
415: the child process, usually due to resource limitations.
416: .El
417: .Pp
418: On return,
419: .Va fflags
420: contains the events which triggered the filter.
421: .It EVFILT_SIGNAL
422: Takes the signal number to monitor as the identifier and returns
1.3 jdolecek 423: when the given signal is delivered to the current process.
1.1 lukem 424: This coexists with the
425: .Fn signal
1.6 wiz 426: and
1.1 lukem 427: .Fn sigaction
1.7 wiz 428: facilities, and has a lower precedence.
429: The filter will record
1.1 lukem 430: all attempts to deliver a signal to a process, even if the signal has
1.7 wiz 431: been marked as SIG_IGN.
432: Event notification happens after normal signal delivery processing.
1.1 lukem 433: .Va data
434: returns the number of times the signal has occurred since the last call to
1.15 jdolecek 435: .Fn kevent .
436: This filter automatically sets the EV_CLEAR flag internally.
437: .It EVFILT_TIMER
438: Establishes an arbitrary timer identified by
439: .Va ident .
440: When adding a timer,
441: .Va data
442: specifies the timeout period in milliseconds.
443: The timer will be periodic unless EV_ONESHOT is specified.
444: On return,
445: .Va data
446: contains the number of times the timeout has expired since the last call to
1.1 lukem 447: .Fn kevent .
448: This filter automatically sets the EV_CLEAR flag internally.
449: .El
450: .Sh RETURN VALUES
451: .Fn kqueue
452: creates a new kernel event queue and returns a file descriptor.
1.6 wiz 453: If there was an error creating the kernel event queue, a value of \-1 is
1.1 lukem 454: returned and errno set.
455: .Pp
456: .Fn kevent
457: returns the number of events placed in the
458: .Fa eventlist ,
459: up to the value given by
460: .Fa nevents .
461: If an error occurs while processing an element of the
462: .Fa changelist
463: and there is enough room in the
464: .Fa eventlist ,
465: then the event will be placed in the
466: .Fa eventlist
467: with
468: .Dv EV_ERROR
469: set in
470: .Va flags
471: and the system error in
472: .Va data .
473: Otherwise,
1.6 wiz 474: .Dv \-1
1.1 lukem 475: will be returned, and
476: .Dv errno
477: will be set to indicate the error condition.
478: If the time limit expires, then
479: .Fn kevent
480: returns 0.
1.23 elad 481: .Sh EXAMPLES
482: The following example program monitors a file (provided to it as the first
483: argument) and prints information about some common events it receives
484: notifications for:
485: .Bd -literal -offset indent
1.24 wiz 486: #include \*[Lt]sys/types.h\*[Gt]
487: #include \*[Lt]sys/event.h\*[Gt]
488: #include \*[Lt]sys/time.h\*[Gt]
489: #include \*[Lt]stdio.h\*[Gt]
490: #include \*[Lt]unistd.h\*[Gt]
491: #include \*[Lt]stdlib.h\*[Gt]
492: #include \*[Lt]fcntl.h\*[Gt]
493: #include \*[Lt]err.h\*[Gt]
1.23 elad 494:
495: int
496: main(int argc, char *argv[])
497: {
498: int fd, kq, nev;
1.25 christos 499: struct kevent ev;
1.23 elad 500: static const struct timespec tout = { 1, 0 };
501:
502: if ((fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY)) == -1)
503: err(1, "Cannot open `%s'", argv[1]);
504:
505: if ((kq = kqueue()) == -1)
506: err(1, "Cannot create kqueue");
507:
1.25 christos 508: EV_SET(\*[Am]ev, fd, EVFILT_VNODE, EV_ADD | EV_ENABLE | EV_CLEAR,
1.23 elad 509: NOTE_DELETE|NOTE_WRITE|NOTE_EXTEND|NOTE_ATTRIB|NOTE_LINK|
510: NOTE_RENAME|NOTE_REVOKE, 0, 0);
1.25 christos 511: if (kevent(kq, \*[Am]ch, 1, NULL, 0, \*[Am]tout) == -1)
512: err(1, "kevent");
1.23 elad 513: for (;;) {
1.25 christos 514: nev = kevent(kq, NULL, 0, \*[Am]ev, 1, \*[Am]tout);
1.23 elad 515: if (nev == -1)
516: err(1, "kevent");
517: if (nev == 0)
518: continue;
1.24 wiz 519: if (ev.fflags \*[Am] NOTE_DELETE) {
1.23 elad 520: printf("deleted ");
1.24 wiz 521: ev.fflags \*[Am]= ~NOTE_DELETE;
1.23 elad 522: }
1.24 wiz 523: if (ev.fflags \*[Am] NOTE_WRITE) {
1.23 elad 524: printf("written ");
1.24 wiz 525: ev.fflags \*[Am]= ~NOTE_WRITE;
1.23 elad 526: }
1.24 wiz 527: if (ev.fflags \*[Am] NOTE_EXTEND) {
1.23 elad 528: printf("extended ");
1.24 wiz 529: ev.fflags \*[Am]= ~NOTE_EXTEND;
1.23 elad 530: }
1.24 wiz 531: if (ev.fflags \*[Am] NOTE_ATTRIB) {
1.25 christos 532: printf("chmod/chown/utimes ");
1.24 wiz 533: ev.fflags \*[Am]= ~NOTE_ATTRIB;
1.23 elad 534: }
1.24 wiz 535: if (ev.fflags \*[Am] NOTE_LINK) {
1.23 elad 536: printf("hardlinked ");
1.24 wiz 537: ev.fflags \*[Am]= ~NOTE_LINK;
1.23 elad 538: }
1.24 wiz 539: if (ev.fflags \*[Am] NOTE_RENAME) {
1.23 elad 540: printf("renamed ");
1.24 wiz 541: ev.fflags \*[Am]= ~NOTE_RENAME;
1.23 elad 542: }
1.24 wiz 543: if (ev.fflags \*[Am] NOTE_REVOKE) {
1.23 elad 544: printf("revoked ");
1.24 wiz 545: ev.fflags \*[Am]= ~NOTE_REVOKE;
1.23 elad 546: }
547: printf("\\n");
548: if (ev.fflags)
549: warnx("unknown event 0x%x\\n", ev.fflags);
550: }
551: }
552: .Ed
1.1 lukem 553: .Sh ERRORS
554: The
555: .Fn kqueue
556: function fails if:
557: .Bl -tag -width Er
558: .It Bq Er EMFILE
559: The per-process descriptor table is full.
560: .It Bq Er ENFILE
561: The system file table is full.
1.22 wiz 562: .It Bq Er ENOMEM
563: The kernel failed to allocate enough memory for the kernel queue.
1.1 lukem 564: .El
565: .Pp
566: The
567: .Fn kevent
568: function fails if:
569: .Bl -tag -width Er
570: .It Bq Er EACCES
571: The process does not have permission to register a filter.
1.22 wiz 572: .It Bq Er EBADF
573: The specified descriptor is invalid.
1.1 lukem 574: .It Bq Er EFAULT
1.6 wiz 575: There was an error reading or writing the
1.1 lukem 576: .Va kevent
1.6 wiz 577: structure.
1.1 lukem 578: .It Bq Er EINTR
579: A signal was delivered before the timeout expired and before any
580: events were placed on the kqueue for return.
581: .It Bq Er EINVAL
582: The specified time limit or filter is invalid.
583: .It Bq Er ENOENT
584: The event could not be found to be modified or deleted.
585: .It Bq Er ENOMEM
586: No memory was available to register the event.
587: .It Bq Er ESRCH
588: The specified process to attach to does not exist.
589: .El
590: .Sh SEE ALSO
1.3 jdolecek 591: .\" .Xr aio_error 2 ,
592: .\" .Xr aio_read 2 ,
593: .\" .Xr aio_return 2 ,
594: .Xr ioctl 2 ,
1.1 lukem 595: .Xr poll 2 ,
596: .Xr read 2 ,
597: .Xr select 2 ,
598: .Xr sigaction 2 ,
599: .Xr write 2 ,
1.3 jdolecek 600: .Xr signal 3 ,
1.6 wiz 601: .Xr kfilter_register 9 ,
602: .Xr knote 9
1.1 lukem 603: .Sh HISTORY
604: The
605: .Fn kqueue
606: and
607: .Fn kevent
608: functions first appeared in
1.3 jdolecek 609: .Fx 4.1 ,
610: and then in
1.11 jdolecek 611: .Nx 2.0 .
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