Annotation of src/external/public-domain/tz/dist/australasia, Revision 1.1.1.1.4.3.2.7
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 6(martin 1:8): # tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific
2:8):
1.1 apb 3: # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4: # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5:
6: # This file also includes Pacific islands.
7:
8: # Notes are at the end of this file
9:
10: ###############################################################################
11:
12: # Australia
13:
14: # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
15:
16: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
17: Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
18: Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
19: Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
20: Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S
21: Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D
22: Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
23: Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D
24: # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
25: # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
26: # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
27:
28: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
29: # Northern Territory
30: Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
31: 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
32: 9:30 Aus AC%sT
33: # Western Australia
34: #
35: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
36: Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
37: Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
38: Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
39: Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
40: Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D
41: Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
42: Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D
43: Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
44: Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
45: Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
46: 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul
47: 8:00 AW AW%sT
48: Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 49:7): 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul
50:7): 8:45 AW +0845/+0945
1.1 apb 51:
52: # Queensland
53: #
54: # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
55: # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
56: # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
57: # Queensland ceased to.
58: #
59: # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
60: # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
61: # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
62: # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
63: # so use Lindeman.
64: #
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 1(snj 65:6): # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
66:6): # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday
67:6): # islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the
68:6): # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and
69:6): # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone
70:6): # applies to all of the Whitsundays.
71:6): # http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands
72:6): #
1.1 apb 73: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
74: Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
75: Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
76: Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
77: Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
78: Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
79: Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
80: Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
81: 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
82: 10:00 AQ AE%sT
83: Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
84: 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
85: 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul
86: 10:00 Holiday AE%sT
87:
88: # South Australia
89: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
90: Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
91: Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
92: Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
93: Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
94: Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
95: Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
96: Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S
97: Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S
98: Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S
99: Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S
100: Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
101: Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S
102: Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
103: Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
104: Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
105: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
106: Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
107: 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
108: 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
109: 9:30 AS AC%sT
110:
111: # Tasmania
112: #
113: # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 114: # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
1.1 apb 115: # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
116: #
117: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
118: Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
119: Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
120: Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
121: Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S
122: Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
123: Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
124: Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
125: Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
126: Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
127: Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
128: Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D
129: Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
130: Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
131: Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
132: Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
133: Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
134: Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
135: Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
136: Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
137: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
138: Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 139: 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
1.1 apb 140: 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
141: 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
142: 10:00 AT AE%sT
143: Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 144: 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
1.1 apb 145: 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
146: 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul
147: 10:00 AT AE%sT
148:
149: # Victoria
150: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
151: Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
152: Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
153: Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
154: Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
155: Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
156: Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
157: Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
158: Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
159: Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
160: Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
161: Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
162: Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
163: Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
164: Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
165: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
166: Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
167: 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
168: 10:00 AV AE%sT
169:
170: # New South Wales
171: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
172: Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
173: Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
174: Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
175: Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
176: Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
177: Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
178: Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
179: Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
180: Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
181: Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
182: Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
183: Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
184: Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
185: Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
186: Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
187: Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
188: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
189: Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
190: 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
191: 10:00 AN AE%sT
192: Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
193: 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23
194: 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
195: 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
196: 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000
197: 9:30 AS AC%sT
198:
199: # Lord Howe Island
200: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 201:8): Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
202:8): Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
203:8): Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
204:8): Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
205:8): Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
206:8): Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
207:8): Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
208:8): Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
209:8): Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
210:8): Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
211:8): Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
212:8): Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
213:8): Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
214:8): Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
1.1 apb 215: Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
216: 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 217:7): 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul
218:7): 10:30 LH +1030/+11
1.1 apb 219:
220: # Australian miscellany
221: #
222: # Ashmore Is, Cartier
223: # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
224: # no times are set
225: #
226: # Coral Sea Is
227: # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
228: # no times are set
229: #
230: # Macquarie
231: # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
232: # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
233: # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 234: # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
235: # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
1.1 apb 236: # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
237: #
238: # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
239: # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
240: # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
241: # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
242: # on 4 April.
243: #
244: # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
245: # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
246: # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
247: # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
248: # pre-2013 versions of localtime.
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 2(snj 249:6): Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 250: 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
1.1 apb 251: 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 252: 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 2(snj 253:6): 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25
1.1 apb 254: 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 255: 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 256:7): 11:00 - +11
1.1 apb 257:
258: # Christmas
259: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
260: Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 261:7): 7:00 - +07
1.1 apb 262:
263: # Cocos (Keeling) Is
264: # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
265: # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
266: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
267: Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 268:7): 6:30 - +0630
1.1 apb 269:
270:
271: # Fiji
272:
273: # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
274:
275: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
276: # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
277: # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
278: #
279: # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
280: # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
281: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
282:
283: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
284: # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
285: # amendments:
286: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
287:
288: # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
289: # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
290: # 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
291: # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
292: # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
293: #
294: # Official source:
295: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
296: #
297: # A bit more background info here:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 298:7): # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
1.1 apb 299:
300: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
301: # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
302: # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
303: # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
304: # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
305: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
306: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
307:
308: # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
309: # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
310: # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
311: #
312: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
313: # which says
314: # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
315: # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
316: # 2am on February 26 next year.
317:
318: # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
319: # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
320: # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
321: #
322: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
323: # states:
324: #
325: # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
326: # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
327: # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
328: # on the 23rd of October, 2011.
329:
330: # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
331: # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
332: # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
333: # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
334: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
335:
336: # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
337: # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
338: # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
339: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
340:
341: # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
342: # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
343: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
344:
1.1.1.1.4.2 snj 345: # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20):
346: # DST will start Nov. 2 this year.
347: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx
348:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 1(snj 349:6): # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77
350:6): # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28),
351:6): # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02):
352:6): # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time
353:6): # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at
354:6): # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016.
355:6):
2(snj 356:6): # From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04):
357:6): # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx
358:6): # "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when
359:6): # clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will
360:6): # end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017."
361:6):
4(snj 362:7): # From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21):
363:7): # Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing
364:7): # Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27),
365:7): # [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate.
6(martin 366:8):
367:8): # From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13):
368:8): # http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/
369:8): # ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019.
370:8): #
371:8): # From Paul Eggert (2018-07-15):
4(snj 372:7): # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00
6(martin 373:8): # the first Sunday on or after January 13. January transitions reportedly
374:8): # depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches
1(snj 375:6): # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future
1.1.1.1.4.2 snj 376: # practice than guessing no DST.
1.1 apb 377:
378: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 379:8): Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 380: Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 381:8): Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 382: Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 383:8): Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 384: Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
385: Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
1.1.1.1.4.2 snj 386: Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 387:8): Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
6(martin 388:8): Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=13 3:00 0 -
1.1 apb 389: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 390: Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 391:7): 12:00 Fiji +12/+13
1.1 apb 392:
393: # French Polynesia
394: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 395: Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 396:7): -9:00 - -09
1.1 apb 397: Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 398:7): -9:30 - -0930
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 399: Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 400:7): -10:00 - -10
1.1 apb 401: # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
402: # it is uninhabited.
403:
404: # Guam
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 405:9):
406:9): # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
407:9): # http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf
408:9): # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf
409:9): Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D
410:9): # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf
411:9): Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S
412:9): # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
413:9): Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D
414:9): # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
415:9): Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S
416:9): # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
417:9): Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
418:9): Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S
419:9): # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
420:9): # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
421:9): # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
422:9): Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
423:9): Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
424:9): # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf
425:9): Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D
426:9): # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf
427:9): Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S
428:9): # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
429:9): Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D
430:9): # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf
431:9): Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S
432:9): # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
433:9): Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D
434:9): # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf
435:9): Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S
436:9):
1.1 apb 437: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
438: Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 439: 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 440:9): 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam
441:9): 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31
442:9): 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23
1.1 apb 443: 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
1.1.1.1.4.3 snj 444: Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
1.1 apb 445:
446: # Kiribati
447: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 448: Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 449:7): 12:00 - +12
1.1 apb 450: Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 451:7): -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
5(martin 452:8): -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31
3(snj 453:7): 13:00 - +13
1.1 apb 454: Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 455:7): -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct
5(martin 456:8): -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31
3(snj 457:7): 14:00 - +14
1.1 apb 458:
459: # N Mariana Is
1.1.1.1.4.3 snj 460: # See Pacific/Guam.
1.1 apb 461:
462: # Marshall Is
463: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 464:9): Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
465:9): 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
466:9): 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
467:9): 11:00 - +11 1937
468:9): 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
469:9): 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30
470:9): 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
471:9): 12:00 - +12
472:9): Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
473:9): 11:00 - +11 1937
474:9): 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
475:9): 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6
476:9): 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
477:9): -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00
478:9): 12:00 - +12
1.1 apb 479:
480: # Micronesia
481: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 482:9): Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
483:9): 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
484:9): 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct
485:9): 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
486:9): 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
487:9): 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
488:9): 10:00 - +10
489:9): Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia
490:9): 10:32:52 - LMT 1901
491:9): 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
492:9): 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
493:9): 11:00 - +11 1937
494:9): 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
495:9): 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
496:9): 11:00 - +11
497:9): Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
498:9): 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
499:9): 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
500:9): 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
501:9): 11:00 - +11 1937
502:9): 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
503:9): 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
504:9): 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
505:9): 12:00 - +12 1999
506:9): 11:00 - +11
1.1 apb 507:
508: # Nauru
509: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 510: Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 511:9): 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29
512:9): 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8
513:9): 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00
3(snj 514:7): 12:00 - +12
1.1 apb 515:
516: # New Caledonia
517: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 518:8): Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 519: Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 520:8): Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 -
1.1 apb 521: # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
522: Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
523: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
524: Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 525:7): 11:00 NC +11/+12
1.1 apb 526:
527:
528: ###############################################################################
529:
530: # New Zealand
531:
532: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
533: Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
534: Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
535: Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
536: Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
537: Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
538: Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
539: Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 540:8): # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a
541:8): # there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this
542:8): # transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change
543:8): # time to percolate out.
1.1 apb 544: Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 545:8): Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 -
1.1 apb 546: Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 547:8): Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 -
1.1 apb 548: Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 549:8): Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 -
1.1 apb 550: Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 551:8): Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 -
1.1 apb 552: Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 553:8): Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 -
1.1 apb 554: Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 555:8): Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 -
1.1 apb 556: Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 557:8): Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 -
1.1 apb 558: Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 559:8): Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 -
1.1 apb 560: Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 561:8): Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 -
1.1 apb 562: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
563: Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
564: 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
565: 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
566: Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 567:7): 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1
568:7): 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345
1.1 apb 569:
570: Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
571:
572: # Auckland Is
573: # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
574: # and scientific personnel have wintered
575:
576: # Campbell I
577: # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
578: # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
579: # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
580: # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
581:
582: # Cook Is
583: # From Shanks & Pottenger:
584: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 585:8): Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 -
1.1 apb 586: Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 587:8): Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 -
1.1 apb 588: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 589: Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 590:7): -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12
591:7): -10:00 Cook -10/-0930
1.1 apb 592:
593: ###############################################################################
594:
595:
596: # Niue
597: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 598: Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 599:7): -11:20 - -1120 1951
600:7): -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1
601:7): -11:00 - -11
1.1 apb 602:
603: # Norfolk
604: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 605: Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 606:7): 11:12 - +1112 1951
607:7): 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00
608:7): 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00
609:7): 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00
610:7): 11:00 - +11
1.1 apb 611:
612: # Palau (Belau)
613: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 614:9): Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror
615:9): 8:57:56 - LMT 1901
616:9): 9:00 - +09
1.1 apb 617:
618: # Papua New Guinea
619: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
620: Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 621: 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 622:7): 10:00 - +10
1.1.1.1.4.2 snj 623: #
624: # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
625: # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
626: # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
627: #
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 2(snj 628:6): # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
1.1.1.1.4.2 snj 629: # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
630: # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
631: # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
632: # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 633:7): # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
1.1.1.1.4.2 snj 634: # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
635: #
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 2(snj 636:6): # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11
3(snj 637:7): # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time".
638:7): # See:
1.1.1.1.4.2 snj 639: # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
640: #
641: Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880
642: 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 643:7): 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul
644:7): 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21
645:7): 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00
646:7): 11:00 - +11
1.1 apb 647:
648: # Pitcairn
649: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 650: Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 651:7): -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00
652:7): -8:00 - -08
1.1 apb 653:
654: # American Samoa
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 655:7): Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5
1.1 apb 656: -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 657: -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
1.1.1.1.4.3 snj 658: Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands
1.1 apb 659:
660: # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
661:
662: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
663: # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
664: # the following info:
665: #
666: # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
667: # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
668: # Sunday of April 2011."
669: #
670: # Background info:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 671:7): # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
1.1 apb 672: #
673: # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
674: # contain any dates:
675: # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
676:
677: # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
678: # Please see
679: # http://www.mcil.gov.ws
680: # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
681: # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
682: # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
683: # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
684:
685: # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
686: # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
687: #
688: # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
689: # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
690: # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
691: # (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
692:
693: # From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
694: # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
695: #
696: # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
697:
698: # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
699: # The International Date Line Act 2011
700: # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 2(snj 701:6): # changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
1.1 apb 702: # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted
703: # accordingly.
704:
705: # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
706: # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
707: #
708: # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
709: #
710: # DST
711: # Year End Time Start Time
712: # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
713: # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
714: #
715: # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
716: # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
717: # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
718: #
719: # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
720: # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
721: # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
722: # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
723: #
724: # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
725: # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
726: # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
727:
728: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 729:8): Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 -
730:8): Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 -
731:8): Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 -
732:8): Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 -
733:8): Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 -
1.1 apb 734: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 735:7): Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5
1.1 apb 736: -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 737:7): -11:30 - -1130 1950
738:7): -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00
739:7): 13:00 WS +13/+14
1.1 apb 740:
741: # Solomon Is
742: # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
743: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 744: Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 745:7): 11:00 - +11
1.1 apb 746:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 747:7): # Tokelau
1.1 apb 748: #
749: # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
750: # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
751: # December 31 this year ...
752: #
753: # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
754: # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
755: # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 756:8): # Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
757:8): # actually was to UT-11 back then.
1.1 apb 758: #
759: # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
760: # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
761: # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 762:7): # <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
1.1 apb 763: # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
764: # are off by an hour starting in 1901.
765:
766: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
767: Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 768:7): -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30
769:7): 13:00 - +13
1.1 apb 770:
771: # Tonga
772: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 773:8): Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 -
1.1 apb 774: Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 775:8): Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 776: Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 777:8): Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
4(snj 778:7): Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
1.1 apb 779: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
780: Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 2(snj 781:6): 12:20 - +1220 1941
782:6): 13:00 - +13 1999
783:6): 13:00 Tonga +13/+14
1.1 apb 784:
785: # Tuvalu
786: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
787: Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 788:7): 12:00 - +12
1.1 apb 789:
790:
791: # US minor outlying islands
792:
793: # Howland, Baker
794: # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
795: # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
796: # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
797: # uninhabited thereafter.
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 2(snj 798:6): # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937;
1.1 apb 799: # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
800: # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
801: # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
802: # until they were abandoned after the war.
803:
804: # Jarvis
805: # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
806: # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
807: # uninhabited thereafter.
808: # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
809:
810: # Johnston
811: #
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 812:7): # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
1.1 apb 813: # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
814: # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 815:7): # treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited,
816:7): # its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file.
1.1 apb 817: #
818: # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
819: # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
820: # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
821: # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and
822: # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
823: #
824: # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
825: # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
826: # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
827: # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the
828: # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
829: # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
830: # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 831: # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 832:7): # https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
1.1 apb 833: # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
834: # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
835: # Minus One Hour".
836:
837: # Kingman
838: # uninhabited
839:
840: # Midway
1.1.1.1.4.3 snj 841: # See Pacific/Pago_Pago.
1.1 apb 842:
843: # Palmyra
844: # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
845:
846: # Wake
847: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
848: Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 849:7): 12:00 - +12
1.1 apb 850:
851:
852: # Vanuatu
853: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 854:8): Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 855: Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 856:8): Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 -
857:8): Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 858: Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 859:8): Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 860: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 861: Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 862:7): 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
1.1 apb 863:
864: # Wallis and Futuna
865: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
866: Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 867:7): 12:00 - +12
1.1 apb 868:
869: ###############################################################################
870:
871: # NOTES
872:
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 873: # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
1.1 apb 874: # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 875: # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
876: # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
1.1 apb 877:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 878:9): # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1.1.1.1.4.2 snj 879: #
880: # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
1.1 apb 881: # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
882: # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1.1.1.1.4.2 snj 883: # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
1.1 apb 884: #
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 3(snj 885:7): # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
886:7): # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
1.1 apb 887: # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
888: # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
1.1.1.1.4.2 snj 889: # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
890: # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
1.1 apb 891: #
892: # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
893: # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
894: # I found in the UCLA library.
895: #
896: # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 897: # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 898:7): # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
1.1 apb 899: #
900: # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
901: # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
902: #
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 903:9): # I invented the abbreviation marked "*".
3(snj 904:7): # The following abbreviations are from other sources.
1.1 apb 905: # Corrections are welcome!
906: # std dst
907: # LMT Local Mean Time
908: # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
909: # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
910: # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 911:9): # 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000
1.1 apb 912: # 10:00 ChST Chamorro
913: # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
914: # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
915: # -11:00 SST Samoa
916: # -10:00 HST Hawaii
917: #
918: # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
919: # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
920:
921: ###############################################################################
922:
923: # Australia
924:
925: # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
926: # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
927: # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
928: # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
929: # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
930: # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
931: # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
932: # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
933: # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
934: # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
935: # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
936: # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
937:
938: # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
939: # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 940: # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
1.1 apb 941: # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
942:
943: # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
944: # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 945: # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
1.1 apb 946: # covers New South Wales in particular.
947:
948: # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
949: # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
950: # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
951: # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
952: # abbreviation does _not_ change...
953: # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
954: # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
955: # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
956: # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
957: # time'.
958: # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
959: # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
960: # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
961: # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
962: # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
963: # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
964: # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
965:
966: # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
967: #
968: # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
969: # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
970: # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
971: # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
972: # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
973: # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
974: # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
975: # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web
976: # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
977: # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
978: # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
979: # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
980: #
981: # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
982: # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
983: # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
984: # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
985: # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
986: # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
987: # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
988: # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
989: # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
990: # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
991: #
992: # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
993: # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
994: #
995: # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
996: # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages
997: # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
998: # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
999: #
1000: # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
1001: # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au
1002: #
1003: # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
1004: # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
1005: # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
1006: # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers
1007: # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
1008: # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
1009: # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
1010: #
1011: # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
1012: # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/>
1013: # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
1014: # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
1015: # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
1016: # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
1017: # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
1018: # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not
1019: # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
1020: # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
1021: # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
1022: # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
1023: # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
1024: # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
1025: #
1026: # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree:
1027: #
1028: # The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
1029: # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
1030: # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
1031: # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
1032: #
1033: # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
1034: # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
1035: # EST CST WST EDT CDT
1036: #
1037: # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
1038: # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
1039: # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
1040: #
1041: # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
1042: # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
1043: # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
1044: #
1045: # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 1046:7): # https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
1.1 apb 1047: # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
1048: #
1049: # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
1050: # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
1051: # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
1052: # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
1053: # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
1054: # appear in reports of events with international implications.
1055: #
1056: # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
1057: # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
1058: # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
1059: # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
1060: # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
1061: # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
1062: # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current
1063: # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
1064: # "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
1065:
1066: # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
1067: # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1068: # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
1069: # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
1070: # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
1071: # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
1072: # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
1073:
1074: # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
1075: #
1076: # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
1077: # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
1078: # relevant entries in this database.
1079: #
1080: # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
1081: # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 1082:7): # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
1.1 apb 1083: # ACT
1084: # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 1085:7): # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
1.1 apb 1086: # SA
1087: # Standard Time Act, 1898
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 1088:7): # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
1.1 apb 1089:
1090: # From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
1091: # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
1092: # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
1093: # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
1094: # in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
1095: #
1096: # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
1097: # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
1098: # to extend DST together in 2006.
1099: # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
1100: # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
1101: # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
1102: # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
1103: # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
1104: # allude to it.
1105: # But not Queensland
1106: # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
1107:
1108: # Northern Territory
1109:
1110: # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1111: # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
1112: # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1113: # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
1114: # ...
1115: # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
1116:
1117: # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1118: # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1119: # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
1120:
1121: # Western Australia
1122:
1123: # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1124: # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
1125: # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1126: # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
1127: # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
1128: # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
1129: # # before reaching parliament.
1130: # ...
1131: # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
1132: # ...
1133: # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1134: # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1135: # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1136: # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1137:
1138: # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1139: # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1140: # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
1141:
1142: # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
1143: # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
1144: # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
1145: # work at 9.00am.)
1146: # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
1147: # everybody again.
1148:
1149: # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1150: # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
1151: # it matches what was used in the past.
1152:
1153: # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 1154: # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
1.1 apb 1155: # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1156: # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
1157:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 6(martin 1158:8): # From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01):
1159:8): # The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the
1160:8): # government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1,
1161:8): # 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption
1162:8): # would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing
1163:8): # to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See:
1164:8): # Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01.
1165:8): # https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/
1166:8):
1.1 apb 1167: # Queensland
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 1168:8):
1169:8): # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26):
1170:8): # I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST:
1171:8): # Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland.
1172:8): # Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403
1173:8): # https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS
1174:8):
1.1 apb 1175: # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1176: # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
1177: # # [ Dec 1990 ]
1178: # ...
1179: # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
1180: # ...
1181: # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1182: # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
1183: # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1184: # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
1185:
1186: # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
1187: # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
1188: # October 1989).
1189:
1190: # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1191: # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1192: # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1193: # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1194:
1195: # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
1196: # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
1197: # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
1198: # me.)
1199:
1200: # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
1201: # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
1202: # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
1203: # ...
1204: # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1205: # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1206: # ...
1207:
1208: # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1209: # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
1210:
1211: # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
1212: # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
1213: # WA are trialing DST for three years.
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 1214: # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
1.1 apb 1215:
1216: # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
1217: # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
1218: # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
1219: # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
1220: # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
1221: # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
1222: # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
1223: # Australia and Western Australia....
1224: #
1225: # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
1226: # This is confirmed by the section entitled
1227: # "What's the deal with time zones???" in
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 1228: # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
1.1 apb 1229: #
1230: # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
1231: # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
1232: # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
1233: # coast of the continent.
1234: #
1235: # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
1236: # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
1237: # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
1238: # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
1239: # the largest population centre in this zone....
1240: #
1241: # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
1242: # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
1243: # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
1244: # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
1245: #
1246: # (2006-12-09):
1247: # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
1248: # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
1249: # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
1250: # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
1251:
1252: # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
1253: # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
1254: # introduction of standard time in 1895.
1255:
1256:
1257: # southeast Australia
1258: #
1259: # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1260: # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
1261: # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
1262: # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
1263:
1264:
1265: # South Australia
1266:
1267: # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1268: # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1269: # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1270: # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1271:
1272: # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1273: # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
1274: # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1275: # ...
1276: # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
1277: # ...
1278: # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1279: # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1280: # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
1281: # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1282:
1283: # From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
1284: # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
1285: # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
1286: # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
1287:
1288: # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
1289: # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
1290: # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
1291: # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
1292: # is on...
1293:
1294: # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
1295: # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
1296: # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
1297: # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
1298:
1299: # From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
1300: # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
1301: # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
1302: # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
1303:
1304: # From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
1305: # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
1306: # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
1307: # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
1308:
1309: # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1310: # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1311:
1312: # Tasmania
1313:
1314: # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1315: # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1316: # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1317: # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1318:
1319: # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
1320: # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
1321: # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
1322: # (but nothing new about that).
1323:
1324: # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
1325: # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
1326: # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
1327: # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
1328: # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
1329: # instead of the first Sunday in October.
1330:
1331: # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
1332: # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
1333:
1334: # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1335: # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1336:
1337: # Victoria
1338:
1339: # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1340: # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1341: # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1342: # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1343:
1344: # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
1345: # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
1346: # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
1347: # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
1348: # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
1349: # in Melbourne, Australia.
1350: #
1351: # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
1352: # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
1353: # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
1354: # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
1355: # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
1356: # expected time.
1357: #
1358: # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1359: # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1360: # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1361: # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1362: #
1363: # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1364: # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1365:
1366: # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1367: # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1368:
1369: # New South Wales
1370:
1371: # From Arthur David Olson:
1372: # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1373: # Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1374: # who notes:
1375: # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1376: # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
1377: # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1378: # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1379: # legislation. This is very important to understand.
1380: # I have researched New South Wales time only...
1381:
1382: # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1383: # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 1384: # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore,
1385: # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
1386: # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
1.1 apb 1387:
1388: # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1389: # See the following official NSW source:
1390: # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 1391: # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
1.1 apb 1392: #
1393: # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1394: # daylight saving next year. See:
1395: # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 1396: # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
1.1 apb 1397: # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1398: #
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 1399:7): # Victoria will follow NSW. See:
1.1 apb 1400: # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 1401: # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
1.1 apb 1402: #
1403: # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1404: # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 1405: # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
1.1 apb 1406: #
1407: # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1408: # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 1409: # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
1.1 apb 1410: # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1411: # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1412: # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1413: # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1414: # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1415: # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
1416: #
1417: # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1418: # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 1419: # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
1.1 apb 1420:
1421: # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1422: # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1423: # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1424:
1425: # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1426: # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1427: # towns to use Queensland time.
1428:
1429: # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1430: # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1431:
1432: # Yancowinna
1433:
1434: # From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1435: # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1436:
1437: # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1438: # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1439: # # [ Dec 1990 ]
1440: # ...
1441: # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1442: # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1443: # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1444: # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1445: # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1446: # # presently available.
1447: # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1448: # ...
1449: # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1450: # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1451: # [followed by other Rules]
1452:
1453: # Lord Howe Island
1454:
1455: # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1456: # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
1457: # [ Dec 1990 ]
1458: # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
1459: # hour ahead of NSW time.
1460:
1461: # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
1462: # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
1463: # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
1464: # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
1465: # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
1466: # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
1467: # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
1468: # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
1469: # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
1470: # however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
1471:
1472: # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1473: # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1474: # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1475: # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1476: # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1477: # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1478:
1479: # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1480: # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1481: # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1482:
1483: # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1484: # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1485:
1486: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1487: # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1488: # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1489: # summer (southern hemisphere).
1490: #
1491: # From
1492: # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1493: # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1494: # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1495: # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1496: # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1497: # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1498: # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1499: # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1500: #
1501: # We have a wrap-up here:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 1502:7): # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1.1 apb 1503: ###############################################################################
1504:
1505: # New Zealand
1506:
1507: # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1508: # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1509: # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1510: # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1511: # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1512:
1513: # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1514: # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1515: # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1516: # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1517: # # [ Nov 1990 ]
1518: # ...
1519: # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1520: # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1521: # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1522: # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1523: # ...
1524: # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1525: # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1526:
1527: # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1528: # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1529: # rather than the October 1 value.
1530:
1531: # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1532: # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1533: # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1534: # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1535: # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1536: # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1537: #
1538: # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1539: # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 1540:8): # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references.
1.1 apb 1541: # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1542: #
1543: # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1544: # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1545: # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1546:
1547: # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1548: # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1549: # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1550: # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1551: # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1552:
1553: # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
1554: # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 1555: # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 1556:7): # https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
1.1 apb 1557: # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
1558: # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
1559: # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
1560: # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
1561: # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
1562: # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 2(snj 1563:6): # LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
1.1 apb 1564: # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
1565:
1566: ###############################################################################
1567:
1568:
1569: # Fiji
1570:
1571: # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1572: # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1573: # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1574:
1575: # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1576: # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1577: # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1578: # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1579:
1580: # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1581: # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1582:
1583: # From the BBC World Service in
1584: # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
1585: # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1586: # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
1587: # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
1588: # of the new millennium.
1589:
1590: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1591: # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1592:
1593:
1594: # Kiribati
1595:
1596: # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1597: # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1598: # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1599: # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1600:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 1601:8): # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03):
1602:8): # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition
1603:8): # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995.
1604:8): # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04):
1605:8): # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All:
1606:8): # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007).
1.1 apb 1607:
1608: # Kwajalein
1609:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 1610:9): # From an AP article (1993-08-22):
1611:9): # "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good
1612:9): # excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were
1613:9): # going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight
1614:9): # -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from
1615:9): # one side of the international date line to the other."
1616:9): # "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22.
1617:9): # https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html
1618:9):
1619:9): # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
1620:9): # <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時> ... pointed out that
1621:9): # currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in
1622:9): # 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it
1623:9): # synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch
1624:9): # should occur at around 1950s instead.
1625:9): #
1626:9): # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1627:9): # The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this.
1628:9): # The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States
1629:9): # Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test
1630:9): # Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was
1631:9): # transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground"
1632:9): # <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>.
1633:9): # Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined
1634:9): # to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence.
1.1 apb 1635:
1636:
1637: # N Mariana Is, Guam
1638:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 1639:9): # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
1640:9): # Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ...
1641:9): # however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that
1642:9): # period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during
1643:9): # that period of time like the surrounding area.
1644:9):
1645:9): # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1.1 apb 1646: # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1647: # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1648: # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1649: # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1650: # see Asia/Manila.
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 1651:9): #
1652:9): # Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start
1653:9): # and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern
1654:9): # Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume
1655:9): # they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff.
1656:9): #
2(snj 1657:6): # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
1.1 apb 1658: # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1659: # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1660: # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1661:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 1662:9): # See also the commentary for Micronesia.
1.1 apb 1663:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 1664:9):
1665:9): # Marshall Is
1666:9): # See the commentary for Micronesia.
1667:9):
1668:9):
1669:9): # Micronesia (and nearby)
1670:9):
1671:9): # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1672:9): # Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies
1673:9): # kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844.
1.1 apb 1674:
1675: # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1676: # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1677: # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1678: #
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 2(snj 1679:6): # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
1.1 apb 1680: # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1681:
1682: # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1683: # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1684: # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 1685: # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 2(snj 1686:6): # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
1687:6): # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
1.1 apb 1688:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 1689:9): # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
1690:9): #
1691:9): # From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時
1692:9): # ...
1693:9): # For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of
1694:9): # Micronesia + Marshall Islands):
1695:9): #
1696:9): # A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands
1697:9): # who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like
1698:9): # of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been
1699:9): # implemented (yet). No further information after that were found.
1700:9): #
1701:9): # Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were
1702:9): # instructed to use JST at the time.
1703:9): #
1704:9): # 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use
1705:9): # the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the
1706:9): # longitude of the atoll.
1707:9): # 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until
1708:9): # February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST.
1709:9): # However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and
1710:9): # probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that
1711:9): # is if they keep their own time back then)
1712:9): #
1713:9): # In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area
1714:9): # into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1,
1715:9): # +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same
1716:9): # year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying
1717:9): # force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard
1718:9): # time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such.
1719:9): # * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area
1720:9): # (Southern Islands Western Standard Time)
1721:9): # * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil
1722:9): # administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time)
1723:9): # * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil
1724:9): # administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time).
1725:9): # * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been
1726:9): # formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal
1727:9): # governance structure have been established, these district [become
1728:9): # subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard
1729:9): # time of the area.
1730:9): # * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was
1731:9): # occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the
1732:9): # Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape
1733:9): # subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape
1734:9): # subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E
1735:9): # starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the
1736:9): # Marshall Islands.
1737:9): #
1738:9): # And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the
1739:9): # area into 2 timezones:
1740:9): # * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and
1741:9): # Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time)
1742:9): # * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk),
1743:9): # Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern
1744:9): # Standard Time)
1745:9): #
1746:9): # Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year,
1747:9): # standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian
1748:9): # of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area.
1749:9): #
1750:9): # Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the
1751:9): # island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this
1752:9): # period of time....
1753:9): #
1754:9): # After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the
1755:9): # (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time
1756:9): # different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking
1757:9): # time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10.
1758:9): #
1759:9): # After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands
1760:9): # under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some
1761:9): # American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those
1762:9): # area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable
1763:9): # information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable
1764:9): # information can be found.
1765:9): #
1766:9): #
1767:9): # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1768:9): #
1769:9): # For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that
1770:9): # plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information
1771:9): # for Wake is too sketchy to act on.
1772:9): #
1773:9): # The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been
1774:9): # done, so omit it from the data for now.
1775:9): #
1776:9): # The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein.
1777:9):
1.1 apb 1778:
1779: # Midway
1780:
1781: # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1782: # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1783: # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1784: # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1785: # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1786: # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1787: # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1788: # air at 6am your time.
1789: #
1790: # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1791: # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1792: # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1793: # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1794:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 1795:9): # Nauru
1796:9):
1797:9): # From Phake Nick (2018-10-31):
1798:9): # Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then
1799:9): # switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades.
1800:9): # However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then
1801:9): # showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時
1802:9): # And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced.
1803:9): # ...
1804:9): # The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change"
1805:9): # http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3
1806:9): # based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change"
1807:9): # http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru
1808:9): # Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb.
1809:9): #
1810:9): # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19):
1811:9): # The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in
1812:9): # "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935),
1813:9): # page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by
1814:9): # Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to
1815:9): # 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from:
1816:9): # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru
1817:9):
1(snj 1818:6): # Norfolk
1819:6):
1820:6): # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
1821:6): # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
1822:6): # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
1823:6): # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
1824:6): # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
1825:6):
1826:6): # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1827:6): # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
1828:6): # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
1829:6): # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
1830:6): # other than in 1974/5. See:
4(snj 1831:7): # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
1.1 apb 1832:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 1833:9): # Palau
1834:9): # See commentary for Micronesia.
1835:9):
1.1 apb 1836: # Pitcairn
1837:
1838: # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1839: # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1840: # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1841: #
1842: # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1843: # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1844: # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1845: #
1846: # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1847: # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1848: # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1849:
1850: # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1851: # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1852: # ... at midnight.
1853:
1854: # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1855: # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 1856:8): # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in
1.1 apb 1857: # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1858:
1859:
1860: # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
1861:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 1862:7): # Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean
1863:7): # time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change
1.1 apb 1864: # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1865: # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
1866: # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 1867:7): # This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20.
1868:7): # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm
1.1 apb 1869:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 2(snj 1870:6): # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30
1871:6): # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11
1.1 apb 1872: # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
1873: # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 2(snj 1874:6): # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950,
1.1 apb 1875: # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
1876: # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
1877: # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
1878:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 1879:7):
1.1 apb 1880: # Tonga
1881:
1882: # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1883: # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
1884: # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
1885: # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1886:
1887: # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 1888: # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
1889: # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
1890: #
1.1 apb 1891: # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1892: # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1893: # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1894: # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 5(martin 1895:8): # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13°
1.1 apb 1896: # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1897: #
1898: # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1899: # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1900: # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1901: #
1902: # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1903: # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1904: # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1905: # minutes we have lost?"
1906: #
1907: # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1908: # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1909: # to say your prayers in the morning."
1910:
1911: # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1912: # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1913:
1914: # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1915: # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
1916: # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1917: # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1918: # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1919: # Government.
1920:
1921: # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1922: # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1923: #
1924: # I was given this link by John Letts:
1925: # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1926: #
1927: # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1928: # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1929: # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1930: # (12 + 1 hour DST).
1931:
1932: # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1933: # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>:
1934: # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1935: # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1936: # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1937: # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1938: # set back an hour on the closing date."
1939: # Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1940:
1941: # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1942: # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1943: # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1944:
1945: # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1946: # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1947: # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1948: # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1949: # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1950: # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1951: # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>)
1952:
1953: # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1954: # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1955:
1956: # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1957: # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1958: # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1959: # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1960: # hour to 1:00am.
1961:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 2(snj 1962:6): # From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05):
1.1 apb 1963: # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1964:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 2(snj 1965:6): # From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27):
1966:6): # http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017
1967:6): # Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen
1968:6): # the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set.
1969:6): #
1970:6): # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26):
1971:6): # Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00
1972:6): # through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now.
1.1 apb 1973:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 1974:7): # From David Wade (2017-10-18):
1975:7): # In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister
1976:7): # continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few
1977:7): # decisions will be made until elections 16th November.
1978:7): #
1979:7): # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1980:7): # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing.
1981:7):
1982:7):
1.1 apb 1983: # Wake
1984:
1985: # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1986: # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1987: #
1988: # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
1989: # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1990: # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1991: # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1992: # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1993: # impossible.
1994: #
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 1995:7): # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
1.1 apb 1996:
1997: # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1998: # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1999:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 7(martin 2000:9): # See also the commentary for Micronesia.
2001:9):
2002:9):
1.1 apb 2003: ###############################################################################
2004:
2005: # The International Date Line
2006:
2007: # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
2008: #
2009: # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
2010: # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
2011: # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
2012: # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
2013: #
2014: # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
2015: # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
2016: # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
2017: # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
2018: # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
2019: # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
2020: # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
2021: # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
2022: # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
2023: # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
2024: # correct date is ambiguous.
2025:
1.1.1.1.4.3.2 4(snj 2026:7): # From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1.1 apb 2027: # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
2028: # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
2029: # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
2030: # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
2031: # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
2032: # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
2033: # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
2034: # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
2035: # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
2036: # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were
2037: # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
2038: # independent merchant ships until World War II.
2039:
2040: # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
2041: # (2005-03-20):
2042: #
2043: # The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1.1.1.1.4.1 snj 2044: # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
1.1 apb 2045: # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
2046: # international waters; it ignores the international date line.
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