Annotation of src/external/public-domain/tz/dist/asia, Revision 1.9
1.2 kre 1: # tzdb data for Asia and environs
2:
1.1 apb 3: # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4: # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5:
1.2 kre 6: # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
1.1 apb 7: # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
1.2 kre 8: # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
9: # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
1.1 apb 10:
1.2 kre 11: # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
1.1 apb 12: #
1.2 kre 13: # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
1.1 apb 14: # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
15: # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1.2 kre 16: # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
1.1 apb 17: #
1.2 kre 18: # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
19: # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
1.1 apb 20: # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
21: # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
1.2 kre 22: # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
23: # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
1.1 apb 24: #
25: # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26: # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
27: # I found in the UCLA library.
28: #
29: # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
1.2 kre 30: # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
31: # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
32: #
33: # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
34: # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
35: # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
1.1 apb 36: #
1.2 kre 37: # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables
38: # (corrections are welcome):
1.1 apb 39: # std dst
40: # LMT Local Mean Time
41: # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
42: # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
43: # 5:30 IST India
44: # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
45: # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
46: # 8:00 CST China
1.2 kre 47: # 8:00 HKT HKST Hong Kong (HKWT* for Winter Time in late 1941)
48: # 8:00 PST PDT* Philippines
49: # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
1.1 apb 50: # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
51: # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
1.2 kre 52: # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
53: # *I invented the abbreviations HKWT and PDT; see below.
54: # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
55: # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier
56: # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
57: # offset, this did not reflect common practice.
1.1 apb 58: #
59: # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
60:
61: # From Guy Harris:
62: # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
63: # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
64: # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
1.2 kre 65: # Worldwide Edition).
1.1 apb 66:
67: ###############################################################################
68:
69: # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
1.2 kre 70: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 71: Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
72: Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
73: Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
1.2 kre 74: Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 75: Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
76: Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1.2 kre 77: Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 78: Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1.2 kre 79: Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
80: Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
81: Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1.1 apb 82:
83: # Afghanistan
1.2 kre 84: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 85: Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
1.2 kre 86: 4:00 - +04 1945
87: 4:30 - +0430
1.1 apb 88:
89: # Armenia
90: # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
91: # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
92: # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
93: # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
94: # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
95: # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
96: # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
97: # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
98: # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
99:
100: # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
101: # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
102: # follow Russia's "old" rules.
103:
104: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
105: # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
106: # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
107: #
108: # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
109: # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
110: # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
111: # or
112: # (brief)
113: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
1.2 kre 114: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
115: Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
116: Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
117: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 118: Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.2 kre 119: 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
120: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
121: 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
122: 4:00 - +04 1997
123: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011
124: 4:00 Armenia +04/+05
1.1 apb 125:
126: # Azerbaijan
1.2 kre 127:
1.1 apb 128: # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
129: # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
1.2 kre 130: # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
131: # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
132:
133: # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
134: # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
135: # daylight saving time....
136: # https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
137: # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
138: # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
139:
140: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
141: Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 -
142: Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
143: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 144: Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.2 kre 145: 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
146: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
147: 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
148: 4:00 - +04 1996
149: 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997
150: 4:00 Azer +04/+05
1.1 apb 151:
152: # Bahrain
1.4 kre 153: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
154: Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1941 Jul 20 # Manamah
155: 3:30 - +0330 1944 Jan 1
156: 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
157: 3:00 - +03
1.1 apb 158:
159: # Bangladesh
160: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
161: # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
162: # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
163: #
164: # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
165: # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
166: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
167: #
168: # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
169: # June
170: # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
171: # crippling power crisis. "
172: #
173: # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
174: # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
175:
176: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
177: # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
178: # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
179: #
180: # Some sources:
1.2 kre 181: # https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
1.1 apb 182: # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
183: #
184: # Our wrap-up:
1.2 kre 185: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
1.1 apb 186:
187: # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
188: # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
189: # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
190: # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
191: #
192: # No DST end date has been announced yet.
193:
194: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
195: # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
196: # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
197: #
198: # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
199: # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
200: # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
201: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
202:
203: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
204: # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
205: # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
206: # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
207: # "continue for an indefinite period."
208: #
209: # One of many places where it is published:
210: # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
211:
212: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
213: # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
214: # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
215: #
216: # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
217: # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
218: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
219: #
220: # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
221: # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
222: # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
223: # Minister's Office last night..."
224:
225: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
226: # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
227: # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
228: # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
229: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
230:
1.2 kre 231: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
232: Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 -
233: Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
1.1 apb 234:
1.2 kre 235: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 236: Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
237: 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
1.2 kre 238: 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
239: 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
240: 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30
241: 6:00 - +06 2009
242: 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07
1.1 apb 243:
244: # Bhutan
1.2 kre 245: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 246: Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
1.2 kre 247: 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct
248: 6:00 - +06
1.1 apb 249:
250: # British Indian Ocean Territory
251: # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
252: # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
253: # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
254: # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
255: # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
1.2 kre 256: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 257: Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
1.2 kre 258: 5:00 - +05 1996
259: 6:00 - +06
1.1 apb 260:
261: # Brunei
1.2 kre 262: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
263: Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
264: 7:30 - +0730 1933
265: 8:00 - +08
1.1 apb 266:
1.6 kre 267: # Myanmar (Burma)
1.1 apb 268:
269: # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
270:
1.2 kre 271: # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
272: # Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is
273: # used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead
274: # of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630,
275: # a transition for which Shanks is the only source.
276:
277: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
278: Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
279: 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time
280: 6:30 - +0630 1942 May
281: 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3
282: 6:30 - +0630
1.1 apb 283:
284: # Cambodia
1.4 kre 285: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
286: Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
287: 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
288: 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
289: 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
290: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
291: 7:00 - +07
1.2 kre 292:
1.1 apb 293: # China
294:
1.2 kre 295: # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
296: # According to this news report:
297: # http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-09-01/19524201403.shtml
298: # on April 11, 1919, newspaper in Shanghai said clocks in Shanghai will spring
299: # forward for an hour starting from midnight of that Saturday. The report did
300: # not mention what happened in Shanghai thereafter, but it mentioned that a
301: # similar trial in Tianjin which ended at October 1st as citizens are told to
302: # recede the clock on September 30 from 12:00pm to 11:00pm. The trial at
303: # Tianjin got terminated in 1920.
304: #
305: # From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15):
306: # The Returns of Trade and Trade Reports, page 711, says "Daylight saving was
307: # given a trial during the year, and from the 12th April to the 1st October
308: # the clocks were all set one hour ahead of sun time. Though the scheme was
309: # generally esteemed a success, it was announced early in 1920 that it would
310: # not be repeated."
311: #
312: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
313: Rule Shang 1919 only - Apr 12 24:00 1:00 D
314: Rule Shang 1919 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S
315:
316: # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02):
317: # The following comes from Table 1 of:
318: # Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai.
319: # Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50.
320: # http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020
321: # The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times.
322: # Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding
323: # zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power.
324:
325: # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
326: #
327: # For the history of time in Shanghai between 1940-1942, the situation is
328: # actually slightly more complex than the table [below].... At the time,
329: # there were three different authorities in Shanghai, including Shanghai
330: # International Settlement, a settlement established by western countries with
331: # its own westernized form of government, Shanghai French Concession, similar
332: # to the international settlement but is controlled by French, and then the
333: # rest of the city of Shanghai, which have already been controlled by Japanese
334: # force through a puppet local government (Wang Jingwei regime). It was
335: # additionally complicated by the circumstances that, according to the 1940s
336: # Shanghai summer time essay cited in the database, some
337: # departments/businesses/people in the Shanghai city itself during that time
338: # period, refused to change their clock and instead only changed their opening
339: # hours.
340: #
341: # For example, as quoted in the article, in 1940, other than the authority
342: # itself, power, tram, bus companies, cinema, department stores, and other
343: # public service organizations have all decided to follow the summer time and
344: # spring forward the clock. On the other hand, the custom office refused to
345: # spring forward the clock because of worry on mechanical wear to the physical
346: # clock, postal office refused to spring forward because of disruption to
347: # business and log-keeping, although they did changed their office hour to
348: # match rest of the city. So is travel agents, and also weather
349: # observatory. It is said both time standards had their own supporters in the
350: # city at the time, those who prefer new time standard would have moved their
351: # clock while those who prefer the old time standard would keep their clock
352: # unchange, and there were different clocks that use different time standard
353: # in the city at the time for people who use different time standard to adjust
354: # their clock to their preferred time.
355: #
1.5 kre 356: # a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay [says] ... "Hong
357: # Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time on
358: # the same date as Shanghai".
1.2 kre 359: #
360: # b. For the 1940 fall back, it was said that they initially intended to do
361: # so on September 30 00:59 at night, however they postponed it to October 12
362: # after discussion with relevant parties. However schools restored to the
363: # original schedule ten days earlier.
364: #
365: # c. For the 1941 spring forward, it is said to start from March 15
366: # "following the previous year's method", and in addition to that the essay
367: # cited an announcement in 1941 from the Wang regime which said the Special
368: # City of Shanghai under Wang regime control will follow the DST rule set by
369: # the Settlements, irrespective of the original DST plan announced by the Wang
370: # regime for other area under its control(April 1 to September 30). (no idea
371: # to situation before that announcement)
372: #
373: # d. For the 1941 fall back, it was said that the fall back would occurs at
374: # the end of September (A newspaper headline cited by the essay, published on
375: # October 1, 1941, have the headlines which said "French Concession would
376: # rewind to the old clock this morning), but it ultimately didn't happen due
377: # to disagreement between the international settlement authority and the
378: # French concession authority, and the fall back ultimately occurred on
379: # November 1.
380: #
381: # e. In 1941 December, Japan have officially started war with the United
382: # States and the United Kingdom, and in Shanghai they have marched into the
383: # international settlement, taken over its control
384: #
385: # f. For the 1942 spring forward, the essay said that the spring forward
386: # started on January 31. It said this time the custom office and postal
387: # department will also change their clocks, unlike before.
388: #
389: # g. The essay itself didn't cover any specific changes thereafter until the
390: # end of the war, it quoted a November 1942 command from the government of the
391: # Wang regime, which claim the daylight saving time applies year round during
392: # the war. However, the essay ambiguously said the period is "February 1 to
393: # September 30", which I don't really understand what is the meaning of such
394: # period in the context of year round implementation here.. More researches
395: # might be needed to show exactly what happened during that period of time.
396:
397: # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
398: # According to a Japanese tour bus pamphlet in Nanjing area believed to be
399: # from around year 1941: http://www.tt-museum.jp/tairiku_0280_nan1941.html ,
400: # the schedule listed was in the format of Japanese time. Which indicate some
401: # use of the Japanese time (instead of syncing by DST) might have occurred in
402: # the Yangtze river delta area during that period of time although the scope
403: # of such use will need to be investigated to determine.
404: #
405: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
406: Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
407: Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S
408: Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
409: Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S
410: Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D
411: Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S
412: Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
413: Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S
414: Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
415: Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S
416: Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
417: Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan
418:
1.1 apb 419: # From Guy Harris:
420: # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
421:
422: # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
423: # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
424: # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
425: # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
426: # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
427: # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
428: #
429: # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
430: # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
431: # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
432: #
433: # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
434: # 1987 mid-April - ??
435:
436: # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
437: # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
438: # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
439:
440: # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
441: # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
442: # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
443: # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
444:
1.2 kre 445: # From P Chan (2018-05-07):
446: # The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00
447: # (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end)....
448: # Government notices about summer time:
449: #
450: # 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22
451: # (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour
452: # at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.)
453: #
454: # 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114
455: # (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September)
456: #
457: # 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709
458: # (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April
459: # until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September)
460: #
461: # 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152
462: # (To suspend summer time from 1992)
463: #
464: # The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time
465: # to begin on 17 April.
466: # http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg
467:
468: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
469: Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D
470: Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S
471: Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D
1.1 apb 472:
473: # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
474: # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
475: # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
476: # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
477: #
478: # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
479: # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
1.2 kre 480: # https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
1.1 apb 481: # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
482: # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
483: # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
484: # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
485: # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
486: # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
487: # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
488:
1.2 kre 489: # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
1.1 apb 490: # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
491: #
492: # (1)
1.2 kre 493: # Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
1.1 apb 494: # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
495: # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
1.2 kre 496: # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9.
497: # http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003
1.1 apb 498: # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
499: # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
500: # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
501: # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
502: # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
503: # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
504: # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
505: # could well have ignored any such mandate.
506: #
507: # (2)
508: # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
509: # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
510: # [undated and unknown publication location]
511: # It says several things:
512: # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
513: # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
514: # the official calendar book of 1914.
515: # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
1.2 kre 516: # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
517: # Observatory and set to local mean time.
1.1 apb 518: # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
519: # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
520: # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
521: # became used by railways as well.
522: # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
523: # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
524: # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
525: # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
526: # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
527: # Japanese-occupied territory.
528: # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
529: # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
530: # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
531: # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
532: # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
533: #
534: # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
535: # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
536: # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
537: # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
1.2 kre 538: # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
1.1 apb 539: #
540: # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
1.2 kre 541: # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
1.1 apb 542: # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
543: # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
544: # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
545: # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
546: #
1.2 kre 547: # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
548: # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
1.1 apb 549: # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
550: #
1.2 kre 551: # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
552: # Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
1.1 apb 553: # most of China
1.5 kre 554: # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time....
1.2 kre 555: # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
1.1 apb 556: #
1.2 kre 557: # Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
558: # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
1.1 apb 559: # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
1.2 kre 560: # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong
1.1 apb 561: # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
562: # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
563: #
1.2 kre 564: # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
565: # This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with
566: # current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that
567: # disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here.
1.1 apb 568: # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
569: # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
570: # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
571: # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
572: # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
573: # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
574: # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
575: # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
576: #
1.2 kre 577: # Kunlun Time UT +05:30
578: # This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above).
1.1 apb 579: # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
580: # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
581: # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
582: # and Yarkand.
583:
584: # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
585: # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
586: # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
587: # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
588: # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
589: # they implicitly use Beijing time.
590: #
591: # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
592: # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
1.2 kre 593: # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
1.1 apb 594: # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
595: # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
596: # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
597: # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
598: # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
599: #
600: # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
601: # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
602: # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
603: #
604: # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
605: # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
606: # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
607: # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
608: # others moving their clocks ahead.)
609:
610: # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
611: # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
612: # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
613: #
614: # 1. Wulumuqi...
615: # 2. Kashi...
616: # 3. Urumqi...
617: # 4. Kashgar...
618: # ...
619: # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
620: # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
621: # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
622: #
623: # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
624: # start date for Xinjiang time.
625: #
626: # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
627: # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
628: # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
629: # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
630:
631: # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
632: # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
1.2 kre 633: # https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
1.1 apb 634:
635: # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
636: # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
637: # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
638: # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
639: # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
640: # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
641: # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
642: # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
643: # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
644: # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
645: # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
646: # having the same time as Beijing.
647:
648: # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
1.2 kre 649: # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
650: # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
1.1 apb 651: # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
652: # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
653: # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
654: #
655: # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
656: # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
657: # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
658: # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
1.2 kre 659: # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
1.1 apb 660: # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
661: # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
662: # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
663: # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
1.2 kre 664: # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
1.1 apb 665: # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
1.2 kre 666: # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
667: # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
1.1 apb 668: # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
1.2 kre 669: # +08 mandate back then.
1.1 apb 670:
1.2 kre 671: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 672: # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
1.5 kre 673: #STDOFF 8:05:43.2
1.1 apb 674: Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
1.2 kre 675: 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28
1.1 apb 676: 8:00 PRC C%sT
677: # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
678: # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
1.6 kre 679: # Vostok base in Antarctica matches this since 1970.
1.1 apb 680: Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
1.2 kre 681: 6:00 - +06
1.1 apb 682:
1.2 kre 683: # Hong Kong
1.1 apb 684:
1.5 kre 685: # Milne gives 7:36:41.7.
1.1 apb 686:
687: # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
688: # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
689: # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
690: # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
691: # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
692: # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
1.2 kre 693: # think 3:30 is correct.
694:
695: # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
696: # According to Singaporean newspaper
697: # http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37
698: # the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904.
699: #
700: # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17):
701: # Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui.
702: # "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm
703: # (except on Sundays and Government holidays)."
704: # Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983.
705: # <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf>
706: # "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order
707: # of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in
708: # advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time."
709: # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
710: # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
711: #
712: # From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18):
713: # An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old
714: # astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight.
715: #
716: # From Steve Allen (2018-11-17):
717: # Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904
718: # page 4 <https://books.google.com/books?id=kgw5AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA4>
719: # ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the
720: # ball was dropped. So that looks like a special case drop for the sake
721: # of broadcasting the new local time.
722: #
723: # From Phake Nick (2018-11-18):
724: # According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the
725: # governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to
726: # make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the
727: # dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one."
728: # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
729: # See <https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk> for this; unfortunately Flash is required.
730:
731: # From Phake Nick (2018-10-26):
732: # I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library....
733: # on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was
734: # stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong
735: # Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00
736: # probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given
737: # the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China
738: # Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to
739: # before. After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and
740: # the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that
741: # period of time. Some media resumed publication soon after that within the
742: # same month, but there were not much information about time there. Later they
743: # started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service,
744: # explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note
745: # saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it
746: # also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was
747: # captured by Japan.
748: #
749: # Image of related sections on newspaper:
750: # * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow".
751: # https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese)
752: # * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset
753: # time and other things for September 30 and October 1.
754: # https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg
755: # * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide.
756: # https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg
757: # * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow.
758: # https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png
759: # * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning.
760: # https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png
761:
762: # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
763: # "Hong Kong winter time" is considered to be daylight saving.
764: # "Hong Kong had adopted daylight saving on June 15 as a wartime measure,
765: # clocks moving forward one hour until October 1, when they would be put back
766: # by just half an hour for 'Hong Kong Winter time', so that daylight saving
767: # operated year round." -- Low Z. The longest day: when wartime Hong Kong
768: # introduced daylight saving. South China Morning Post. 2019-06-28.
769: # https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3016281/longest-day-when-wartime-hong-kong-introduced
770:
771: # From P Chan (2018-12-31):
772: # * According to the Hong Kong Daylight-Saving Regulations, 1941, the
773: # 1941 spring-forward transition was at 03:00.
774: # http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/304271.pdf
775: # http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/305516.pdf
776: # * According to some articles from South China Morning Post, +08 was
777: # resumed on 1945-11-18 at 02:00.
778: # https://i.imgur.com/M2IsZ3c.png
779: # https://i.imgur.com/iOPqrVo.png
780: # https://i.imgur.com/fffcGDs.png
781: # * Some newspapers ... said the 1946 spring-forward transition was on
782: # 04-21 at 00:00. The Kung Sheung Evening News 1946-04-20 (Chinese)
783: # https://i.imgur.com/ZSzent0.png
784: # https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGhRBfe p.4
785: # The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese)
786: # https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png
787: # https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3Wh p.4
788: # * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback
789: # transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08)
790: # http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf
791: # * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979
792: # Summer Time Ordinance 1953
793: # https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg
794: # Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965
795: # https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg
796: # Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966)
797: # https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg
798: # Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 <https://i.imgur.com/OpRWrKz.jpg>
799: # Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977
800: # https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg
801: # Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979
802: # https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39
1.1 apb 803:
1.2 kre 804: # From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15):
1.1 apb 805: # Here are the dates given at
1.2 kre 806: # https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/Summertime.htm
807: # as of 2020-02-10:
1.1 apb 808: # Year Period
1.2 kre 809: # 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep
1.1 apb 810: # 1942 Whole year
811: # 1943 Whole year
812: # 1944 Whole year
813: # 1945 Whole year
814: # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
1.2 kre 815: # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Nov
1.1 apb 816: # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
817: # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
818: # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
819: # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
1.2 kre 820: # 1952 6 Apr to 2 Nov
1.1 apb 821: # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
822: # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
823: # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
824: # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
825: # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
826: # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
827: # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
828: # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
829: # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
830: # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
831: # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
832: # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
833: # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
834: # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
835: # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
836: # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
837: # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
838: # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
839: # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
840: # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
841: # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
842: # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
843: # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
844: # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
845: # 1977 Nil
846: # 1978 Nil
847: # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
848: # 1980 to Now Nil
1.2 kre 849: # The page does not give times of day for transitions,
850: # or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions.
851: # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25.
852:
853: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
854: Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 21 0:00 1:00 S
855: Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30s 0 -
856: Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30s 1:00 S
857: Rule HK 1947 only - Nov 30 3:30s 0 -
858: Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30s 1:00 S
859: Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct Sun>=28 3:30s 0 -
1.1 apb 860: Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
1.2 kre 861: Rule HK 1953 1964 - Oct Sun>=31 3:30 0 -
1.1 apb 862: Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
863: Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
864: Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
865: Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
1.2 kre 866: Rule HK 1979 only - May 13 3:30 1:00 S
867: Rule HK 1979 only - Oct 21 3:30 0 -
868: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.5 kre 869: #STDOFF 7:36:41.7
870: Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 29 17:00u
1.2 kre 871: 8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:00
872: 8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00
873: 8:00 0:30 HKWT 1941 Dec 25
874: 9:00 - JST 1945 Nov 18 2:00
1.1 apb 875: 8:00 HK HK%sT
876:
877: ###############################################################################
878:
879: # Taiwan
880:
881: # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
882: # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
883: # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
884: # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
885:
886: # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
887: # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
888: # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
889: # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
890: # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
891: # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
892: # found on Wikisource:
1.2 kre 893: # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1.1 apb 894: # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
895: # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
896: # declared officially.
897: #
898: # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
899: # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
900: # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
901: # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
902: # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
903: # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
1.2 kre 904: # (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
1.1 apb 905: # be found on Wikisource:
1.2 kre 906: # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1.1 apb 907: #
1.2 kre 908: # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
1.1 apb 909:
910: # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
1.2 kre 911: # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9
912: # back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
1.1 apb 913: # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
1.2 kre 914: # zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another
1.1 apb 915: # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
916: # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
917: # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
918: # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
919: # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
920: # that:
921: #
922: # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
923: # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
924: #
925: # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
926: # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
927: # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
928: # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
929: #
930: # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
931: # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
932: # Time.
933: #
934: # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
935: # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
936: # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
937: # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
938: # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
939: # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
940:
941: # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
942: # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
943: # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
944: # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
945: # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
946: # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
947: # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
948: # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
949: # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
950: # would be a good one.
951: # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
952: # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
953:
954: # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
955: # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
956: # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
957: #
958: # Original Bulletin:
1.2 kre 959: # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
960: # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
1.1 apb 961: #
962: # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
963: # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
964: #
1.2 kre 965: # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
1.1 apb 966: #
967: # Here is a brief translation:
968: #
969: # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
970: # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
1.2 kre 971: # adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
1.1 apb 972: #
973: # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
974: # be found from historical government announcement database.
975:
976: # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
1.2 kre 977: # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
1.1 apb 978: # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
979: # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
980:
1.2 kre 981: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 982: Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
983: Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
984: Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
985: Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
986: Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
987: Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
988: Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
989: Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
990: Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
991: Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
992: Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
993: Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
994: Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
995: Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
996: Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
997:
1.2 kre 998: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 999: # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
1000: Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
1.2 kre 1001: 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1
1002: 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
1.1 apb 1003: 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
1004:
1005: # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
1.2 kre 1006: #
1007: # From P Chan (2018-05-10):
1008: # * LegisMac
1009: # http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt
1010: # A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in
1011: # Chinese and Portuguese. The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for
1012: # searching decrees about summer time.
1013: # * Archives of Macao
1014: # http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/
1015: # It contains images of old official gazettes.
1016: # * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the
1017: # summer time history. But it is not complete and has some mistakes.
1018: # http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm
1019: # Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong. Clocks were
1020: # advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds. Which means the LMT used was
1021: # +7:34:10. As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904
1022: # and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904.
1023: # http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG
1024: #
1025: # Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau.
1026: #
1027: # From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ...
1028: # [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation]
1029: # DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20
1030: # DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30
1031: # DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10
1032: # PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17
1033: # PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25
1034: # PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29
1035: # PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27
1036: # PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28
1037: # PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10
1038: # PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29
1039: # PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01
1040: # PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30
1041: # PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02
1042: # PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29
1043: # PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25
1044: # PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28
1045: # PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24
1046: # PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27
1047: # PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05
1048: # PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25
1049: # PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28
1050: # PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31
1051: # PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20
1052: # PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30
1053: # PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19
1054: # PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05
1055: # PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17
1056: # PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03
1057: # PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23
1058: # PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26
1059: # PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22
1060: # PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25
1061: # PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21
1062: # PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24
1063: # PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12
1064: # PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29
1065: # PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11
1066: # PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28
1067: # PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10
1068: # PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27
1069: # PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23
1070: # PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26
1071: # PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14
1072: # PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24
1073: # PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10
1074: # PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16
1075: # PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09
1076: # PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08
1077: # PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15
1078: # PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14
1079: # PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13
1080: # PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12
1081: # PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19
1082: # PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18
1083: # PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11
1084: # PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10
1085: # PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03
1086: # PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09
1087: # PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01
1088: # PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07
1089: # PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07
1090: # PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06
1091: # PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22
1092: # PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12
1093: # PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12
1094: # PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11
1095: # PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03
1096: # PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09
1097: # PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12
1098: # PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20
1099: # Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to
1100: # LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched
1101: # between GMT+9 and GMT+10. Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am.
1102:
1103: # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10):
1104: # The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of
1105: # Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT.
1106:
1107: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1108: Rule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 -
1109: Rule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 -
1110: Rule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S
1111: Rule Macau 1946 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 D
1112: Rule Macau 1946 only - Sep 30 23:00s 0 S
1113: Rule Macau 1947 only - Apr 19 23:00s 1:00 D
1114: Rule Macau 1947 only - Nov 30 23:00s 0 S
1115: Rule Macau 1948 only - May 2 23:00s 1:00 D
1116: Rule Macau 1948 only - Oct 31 23:00s 0 S
1117: Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D
1118: Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S
1119: Rule Macau 1951 only - Mar 31 23:00s 1:00 D
1120: Rule Macau 1951 only - Oct 28 23:00s 0 S
1121: Rule Macau 1952 1953 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D
1122: Rule Macau 1952 only - Nov 1 23:00s 0 S
1123: Rule Macau 1953 1954 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S
1124: Rule Macau 1954 1956 - Mar Sat>=17 23:00s 1:00 D
1125: Rule Macau 1955 only - Nov 5 23:00s 0 S
1126: Rule Macau 1956 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 03:30 0 S
1127: Rule Macau 1957 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 03:30 1:00 D
1128: Rule Macau 1965 1973 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D
1129: Rule Macau 1965 1966 - Oct Sun>=16 02:30 0 S
1130: Rule Macau 1967 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S
1131: Rule Macau 1973 only - Dec 30 03:30 1:00 D
1132: Rule Macau 1975 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D
1133: Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D
1134: Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S
1135:
1136: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1137: Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
1138: 8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00
1139: 9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00
1140: 8:00 Macau C%sT
1.1 apb 1141:
1142:
1143: ###############################################################################
1144:
1145: # Cyprus
1.2 kre 1146:
1.1 apb 1147: # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
1.2 kre 1148: # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
1149:
1150: # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
1151: # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
1152: # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
1153: # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
1154: #
1155: # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
1156: # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
1157: # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
1158:
1159: # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1160: # Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus
1161: # staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A.
1162: # Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17.
1163: # https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/
1164:
1165: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 1166: Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
1167: Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
1168: Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
1169: Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
1170: Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1171: Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1172: Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
1173: Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1174: Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1.2 kre 1175: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 1176: Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
1177: 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
1178: 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
1.2 kre 1179: Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
1180: 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
1181: 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8
1182: 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u
1183: 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
1.1 apb 1184:
1185: # Georgia
1186: # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
1187: # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
1188: # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
1189: # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
1190: # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
1191: #
1192: # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
1193: # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
1194: # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
1195: # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
1196: #
1197: # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
1198: #
1199: # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
1200: # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
1201: # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
1202: # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
1203: # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
1204: # of integration into Europe.
1205:
1206: # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
1207: # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
1208: # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
1209: # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
1210: # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
1211: # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
1212: # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
1213: # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
1214: # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
1215:
1.2 kre 1216: # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
1217: # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
1218: # Go with Byalokoz.
1219:
1220: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1221: Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
1222: 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
1223: 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
1224: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1225: 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992
1226: 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun
1227: 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun
1228: 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun
1229: 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27
1230: 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
1231: 4:00 - +04
1.1 apb 1232:
1233: # East Timor
1234:
1235: # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
1236:
1237: # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
1238: # East Timor may be late for its millennium
1.2 kre 1239: # <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
1.1 apb 1240: # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
1241: # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
1242: # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
1243: # conflicts with their way of life.
1244:
1245: # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
1246: # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
1247: # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
1248:
1249: # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
1250: # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
1251: # (2000-08-16):
1252: # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
1253: # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
1254: # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
1255: # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
1256:
1.2 kre 1257: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1258: Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
1259: 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00
1260: 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3
1261: 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00
1262: 9:00 - +09
1.1 apb 1263:
1264: # India
1.2 kre 1265:
1266: # British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset:
1267: # "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah.
1268: # The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours
1269: # east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories. No reason is
1270: # given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be
1271: # chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with
1272: # that of almost the whole of the civilised world."
1273: # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
1274: # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
1275:
1276: # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
1277: # https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
1278: # (2015-12-22):
1279: # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
1280: # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
1281: # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
1282: # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
1283:
1284: # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
1285: # Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India.
1286: # "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic
1287: # measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras
1288: # (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time,
1289: # and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time:
1290: # 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19.
1291: # "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present
1292: # standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of
1293: # Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of
1294: # his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat
1295: # of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change
1296: # the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted
1297: # Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the
1298: # rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its
1299: # place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement.
1300: # Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55.
1301: #
1302: # "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the
1303: # only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time,
1304: # first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR)....
1305: # Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their
1306: # local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and
1307: # Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145.
1308: #
1309: # Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8.
1310: # https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212
1311: # This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on
1312: # 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some
1313: # municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta
1314: # continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at
1315: # government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or
1316: # at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more
1317: # appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do
1318: # elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was
1319: # consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway
1320: # time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the
1321: # 1941-1945 data.
1322:
1323: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1324: Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata
1325: 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time?
1326: 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time
1327: 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct
1328: 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15
1.1 apb 1329: 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1.2 kre 1330: 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
1.1 apb 1331: 5:30 - IST
1.2 kre 1332: # Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata:
1.1 apb 1333: # Andaman Is
1334: # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
1335: # Nicobar Is
1336:
1337: # Indonesia
1338: #
1.2 kre 1339: # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
1340: # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
1.5 kre 1341: # civil time was 7:07:12.5.
1.2 kre 1342: #
1.1 apb 1343: # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
1.2 kre 1344: # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
1.1 apb 1345: # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
1346: # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
1347: # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
1348: #
1349: # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
1350: # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
1351: # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
1352: # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
1353: # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
1354: # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
1355: # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
1356: # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
1357: # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
1.2 kre 1358: # from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
1.1 apb 1359: # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
1360: # switched on 1945-09-23.
1361: #
1362: # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
1363: # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
1364: # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
1365: # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
1366: # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
1367: # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
1368: # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
1.2 kre 1369: # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
1.1 apb 1370: #
1.2 kre 1371: # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
1372: # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
1373: # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
1.1 apb 1374: #
1.2 kre 1375: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 1376: # Java, Sumatra
1.5 kre 1377: #STDOFF 7:07:12.5
1.1 apb 1378: Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
1379: # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
1380: # but this must be a typo.
1.5 kre 1381: 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 16:40u # Batavia
1.2 kre 1382: 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov
1383: 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23
1384: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
1385: 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
1386: 8:00 - +08 1950 May
1387: 7:30 - +0730 1964
1.1 apb 1388: 7:00 - WIB
1389: # west and central Borneo
1390: Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
1391: 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
1.2 kre 1392: 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29
1393: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
1394: 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
1395: 8:00 - +08 1950 May
1396: 7:30 - +0730 1964
1.1 apb 1397: 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
1398: 7:00 - WIB
1399: # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
1400: Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
1401: 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
1.2 kre 1402: 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9
1403: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
1.1 apb 1404: 8:00 - WITA
1405: # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
1406: Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
1.2 kre 1407: 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1
1408: 9:30 - +0930 1964
1.1 apb 1409: 9:00 - WIT
1410:
1411: # Iran
1412:
1.5 kre 1413: # From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-05-30):
1414: # Here's an order from the Cabinet to the rest of the government to switch to
1415: # Tehran time, which is mentioned to be already at +03:30:
1416: # https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/180138
1417: # Just in case that goes away, I also saved a copy at archive.org:
1418: # https://web.archive.org/web/20220530111940/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/180138
1419: # Here's my translation:
1420: #
1421: # "Circular on Matching the Hours of Governmental and Official Circles
1422: # in Provinces
1423: # Approved 1314/03/22 [=1935-06-13]
1424: # According to the ruling of the Honorable Cabinet, it is ordered that from
1425: # now on in all internal provinces of the country, governmental and official
1426: # circles set their time to match Tehran time (three hours and half before
1427: # Greenwich)....
1428: #
1429: # I still haven't found out when Tehran itself switched to +03:30....
1430: #
1431: # From Paul Eggert (2022-06-05):
1432: # Although the above says Tehran was at +03:30 before 1935-06-13, we don't
1433: # know when it switched to +03:30. For now, use 1935-06-13 as the switch date.
1434: # Although most likely wrong, we have no better info.
1435:
1436: # From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-06-01):
1437: # This is from Kayhan newspaper, one of the major Iranian newspapers, from
1438: # March 20, 1978, page 2:
1439: #
1440: # "Pull the clocks 60 minutes forward
1441: # As we informed before, from the fourth day of the month Farvardin of the
1442: # new year [=1978-03-24], clocks will be pulled forward, and people's daily
1443: # work and life program will start one hour earlier than the current program.
1444: # On the 1st day of the month Farvardin of this year [=1977-03-21], they had
1445: # pulled the clocks forward by one hour, but in the month of Mehr
1446: # [=1977-09-23], the clocks were pulled back by 30 minutes.
1447: # In this way, from the 4th day of the month Farvardin, clocks will be ahead
1448: # of the previous years by one hour and a half.
1449: # According to the new program, during the night of 4th of Farvardin, when
1450: # the midnight, meaning 24 o'clock is announced, the hands of the clock must
1451: # be pulled forward by one hour and thus consider midnight 1 o'clock in the
1452: # forenoon."
1453: #
1454: # This implies that in September 1977, when the daylight savings time was
1455: # done with, Iran didn't go back to +03:30, but immediately to +04:00.
1456: #
1457: #
1458: # This is from the major Iranian newspaper Ettela'at, dated [1978-08-03]...,
1459: # page 32. It looks like they decided to get the clocks back to +4:00
1460: # just in time for Ramadan that year:
1461: #
1462: # "Tomorrow Night, Pull the Clocks Back by One Hour
1463: # At 1 o'clock in the forenoon of Saturday 14 Mordad [=1978-08-05], the
1464: # clocks will be pulled one hour back and instead of 1 o'clock in the
1465: # forenoon, Radio Iran will announce 24 o'clock.
1466: # This decision was made in the Cabinet of Ministers meeting of 25 Tir
1467: # [=1978-07-16], [...]
1468: # At the beginning of the year 2537 [=March 1978: Iran was using a different
1469: # year number for a few years then, based on the Coronation of Cyrus the
1470: # Great], the country's official time was pulled forward by one hour and now
1471: # the official time is one hour and a half ahead compared to last year,
1472: # because in Farvardin of last year [=March 1977], the official time was
1473: # pulled forward one hour and this continued until the second half of last
1474: # year [=September 1977] until in the second half of last year the official
1475: # time was pulled back half an hour and that half hour still remains."
1476: #
1477: # This matches the time of the true noon published in the newspapers, as they
1478: # clearly go from +05:00 to +04:00 after that date (which happened during a
1479: # long weekend in Iran).
1480:
1481: # From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-05-31):
1482: # [Movahedi S. Cultural preconceptions of time: Can we use operational time
1483: # to meddle in God's Time? Comp Stud Soc Hist. 1985;27(3):385-400]
1484: # https://www.jstor.org/stable/178704
1485: # Here's the quotes from the paper:
1486: # 1. '"Iran's official time keeper moved the clock one hour forward as from
1487: # March 22, 1977 (Farvardin 2, 2536) to make maximum use of daylight and save
1488: # in energy consumption. Thus Iran joined such other countries as Britain in
1489: # observing what is known as 'daylight saving.' The proposal was originally
1490: # put forward by the Ministry of Energy, in no way having any influence on
1491: # observing religious ceremonies. Moving time one hour forward in summer
1492: # means that at 11:00 o'clock on March 21, the official time was set as
1493: # midnight March 22. Then September 24 will actually begin one hour later
1494: # than the end of September 23 [...]." Iran's time base thus continued to be
1495: # Greenwich Mean Time plus three and one-half hours (plus four and one-half
1496: # hours in summer).'
1497: #
1498: # The article sources this from Iran Almanac and Book of Facts, 1977, Tehran:
1499: # Echo of Iran, which is on Google Books at
1500: # https://www.google.com/books/edition/Iran_Almanac_and_Book_of_Facts/9ybVAAAAMAAJ.
1501: # (I confirmed it by searching for snippets.)
1502: #
1503: # 2. "After the fall of the shah, the revolutionary government returned to
1504: # daylight-saving time (DST) on 26 May 1979."
1505: #
1506: # This seems to have been announced just one day in advance, on 25 May 1979.
1507: #
1508: # The change in 1977 clearly seems to be the first daylight savings effort in
1509: # Iran. But the article doesn't mention what happened in 1978 (which was
1510: # still during the shah's government), or how things continued in 1979
1511: # onwards (which was during the Islamic Republic).
1512:
1513: # From Francis Santoni (2022-06-01):
1.6 kre 1514: # for Iran and 1977 the effective change is only 20 October
1515: # (UIT No. 143 17.XI.1977) and not 23 September (UIT No. 141 13.IX.1977).
1.5 kre 1516: # UIT is the Operational Bulletin of International Telecommunication Union.
1517:
1.1 apb 1518: # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
1519: # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
1520: # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
1521: #
1522: # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
1523: # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
1524: #
1525: # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
1526: #
1527: # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
1528: # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
1529: # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
1530: # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
1531: # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
1532: # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
1533: #
1534: # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
1535: # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
1536: # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
1537: # Shahrivar.
1538: #
1539: # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
1540: #
1541: # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
1542: # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
1543: # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
1544: # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
1545: #
1546: # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
1547: # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
1548: # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
1549: # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
1550: # plan to change that law....
1551: #
1.5 kre 1552: # From Paul Eggert (2022-06-30):
1553: # Go with Pournader for 1935 through spring 1979, and for timestamps
1554: # after August 1991; go with with Shanks & Pottenger for other timestamps.
1555: # Go with Santoni's citation of the UIT for fall 1977, as 20 October 1977
1556: # is 28 Mehr 1356, consistent with the "Mehr" in Pournader's source.
1557: # Assume that the UIT's "1930" is UTC, i.e., 24:00 local time.
1.1 apb 1558: #
1559: # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1560: # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1561: # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1562: # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1563: # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1564: # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1565: # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1566: # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
1567: # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1568: # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1569: # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
1570: # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1571: # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1572: #
1573: # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1574: # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1575: # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1576: #
1577: # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1578: # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1579: # daylight saving time ...
1.2 kre 1580: # https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1.1 apb 1581: #
1582: # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1583: # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1.2 kre 1584: # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1.1 apb 1585: # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1586: # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1587: # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1588: # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1589: # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1590: #
1.5 kre 1591: # From Ali Mirjamali (2022-05-10):
1592: # Official IR News Agency announcement: irna.ir/xjJ3TT
1593: # ...
1594: # Highlights: DST will be cancelled for the next Iranian year 1402
1595: # (i.e 2023-March-21) and forthcoming years.
1596: #
1.2 kre 1597: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.5 kre 1598: # Work around a bug in zic 2022a and earlier.
1599: Rule Iran 1910 only - Jan 1 00:00 0 -
1600: #
1601: Rule Iran 1977 only - Mar 21 23:00 1:00 -
1602: Rule Iran 1977 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 -
1603: Rule Iran 1978 only - Mar 24 24:00 1:00 -
1604: Rule Iran 1978 only - Aug 5 01:00 0 -
1605: Rule Iran 1979 only - May 26 24:00 1:00 -
1.2 kre 1606: Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
1.5 kre 1607: Rule Iran 1980 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1.2 kre 1608: Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 22 24:00 0 -
1609: Rule Iran 1991 only - May 2 24:00 1:00 -
1610: Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1611: Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1612: Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1613: Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1614: Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1615: Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1616: Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1617: Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1618: Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1619: Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1620: Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1621: Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1622: Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1623: Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1624: Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1625: Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1626: Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1627: Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1628: Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1629: Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1630: Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1631: Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1632: Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1633: Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1634: Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1635: Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1636: Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1637: Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1.5 kre 1638: Rule Iran 2021 2022 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1639: Rule Iran 2021 2022 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1.2 kre 1640:
1641: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 1642: Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
1.5 kre 1643: 3:25:44 - TMT 1935 Jun 13 # Tehran Mean Time
1644: 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1977 Oct 20 24:00
1.2 kre 1645: 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979
1646: 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430
1.1 apb 1647:
1648:
1649: # Iraq
1650: #
1651: # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1652: # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1653: # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1654: # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1655: # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1656: #
1657: # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1658: # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1659: # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1660: # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1661: # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1662: #
1663: # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1664:
1665: # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1666: # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1667: # news sources (in Arabic):
1668: # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
1669: # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1670: #
1671: # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1.2 kre 1672: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1.1 apb 1673:
1.2 kre 1674: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1675: Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 -
1676: Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1677: Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 -
1678: Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
1679: Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1680: Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 -
1.1 apb 1681: # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1682: # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1683: #
1.2 kre 1684: Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 -
1685: Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 -
1686: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 1687: Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1.2 kre 1688: 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1689: 3:00 - +03 1982 May
1690: 3:00 Iraq +03/+04
1.1 apb 1691:
1692:
1693: ###############################################################################
1694:
1695: # Israel
1696:
1.2 kre 1697: # For more info about the motivation for DST in Israel, see:
1698: # Barak Y. Israel's Daylight Saving Time controversy. Israel Affairs.
1699: # 2020-08-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2020.1806564
1700:
1.1 apb 1701: # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1702: #
1703: # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1704: # different abbreviations in use:
1705: #
1706: # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1707: # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1708: # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1709: #
1710: # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1711: # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1712: # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1713: # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1714: # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1715: # settings in Israeli computers.
1716: #
1717: # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1718: # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1719: # family is from India).
1720:
1.2 kre 1721: # From P Chan (2020-10-27), with corrections:
1722: #
1723: # 1940-1946 Supplement No. 2 to the Palestine Gazette
1724: # # issue page Order No. dated start end note
1725: # 1 1010 729 67 of 1940 1940-05-22 1940-05-31* 1940-09-30* revoked by #2
1726: # 2 1013 758 73 of 1940 1940-05-31 1940-05-31 1940-09-30
1727: # 3 1055 1574 196 of 1940 1940-11-06 1940-11-16 1940-12-31
1728: # 4 1066 1811 208 of 1940 1940-12-17 1940-12-31 1941-12-31
1729: # 5 1156 1967 116 of 1941 1941-12-16 1941-12-31 1942-12-31* amended by #6
1730: # 6 1228 1608 86 of 1942 1942-10-14 1941-12-31 1942-10-31
1731: # 7 1256 279 21 of 1943 1943-03-18 1943-03-31 1943-10-31
1732: # 8 1323 249 19 of 1944 1944-03-13 1944-03-31 1944-10-31
1733: # 9 1402 328 20 of 1945 1945-04-05 1945-04-15 1945-10-31
1734: #10 1487 596 14 of 1946 1946-04-04 1946-04-15 1946-10-31
1735: #
1736: # 1948 Iton Rishmi (Official Gazette of the Provisional Government)
1737: # # issue page dated start end
1738: #11 2 7 1948-05-20 1948-05-22 1948-10-31*
1739: # ^This moved timezone to +04, replaced by #12 from 1948-08-31 24:00 GMT.
1740: #12 17 (Annex B) 84 1948-08-22 1948-08-31 1948-10-31
1741: #
1742: # 1949-2000 Kovetz HaTakanot (Collection of Regulations)
1743: # # issue page dated start end note
1744: #13 6 133 1949-03-23 1949-04-30 1949-10-31
1745: #14 80 755 1950-03-17 1950-04-15 1950-09-14
1746: #15 164 782 1951-03-22 1951-03-31 1951-09-29* amended by #16
1747: #16 206 1940 1951-09-23 ---------- 1951-10-22* amended by #17
1748: #17 212 78 1951-10-19 ---------- 1951-11-10
1749: #18 254 652 1952-03-03 1952-04-19 1952-09-27* amended by #19
1750: #19 300 11 1952-09-15 ---------- 1952-10-18
1751: #20 348 817 1953-03-03 1953-04-11 1953-09-12
1752: #21 420 385 1954-02-17 1954-06-12 1954-09-11
1753: #22 497 548 1955-01-14 1955-06-11 1955-09-10
1754: #23 591 608 1956-03-12 1956-06-02 1956-09-29
1755: #24 680 957 1957-02-08 1957-04-27 1957-09-21
1756: #25 3192 1418 1974-06-28 1974-07-06 1974-10-12
1757: #26 3322 1389 1975-04-03 1975-04-19 1975-08-30
1758: #27 4146 2089 1980-07-15 1980-08-02 1980-09-13
1759: #28 4604 1081 1984-02-22 1984-05-05* 1984-08-25* revoked by #29
1760: #29 4619 1312 1984-04-06 1984-05-05 1984-08-25
1761: #30 4744 475 1984-12-23 1985-04-13 1985-09-14* amended by #31
1762: #31 4851 1848 1985-08-18 ---------- 1985-08-31
1763: #32 4932 899 1986-04-22 1986-05-17 1986-09-06
1764: #33 5013 580 1987-02-15 1987-04-18* 1987-08-22* revoked by #34
1765: #34 5021 744 1987-03-30 1987-04-14 1987-09-12
1766: #35 5096 659 1988-02-14 1988-04-09 1988-09-03
1767: #36 5167 514 1989-02-03 1989-04-29 1989-09-02
1768: #37 5248 375 1990-01-23 1990-03-24 1990-08-25
1769: #38 5335 612 1991-02-10 1991-03-09* 1991-08-31 amended by #39
1770: # 1992-03-28 1992-09-05
1771: #39 5339 709 1991-03-04 1991-03-23 ----------
1772: #40 5506 503 1993-02-18 1993-04-02 1993-09-05
1773: # 1994-04-01 1994-08-28
1774: # 1995-03-31 1995-09-03
1775: #41 5731 438 1996-01-01 1996-03-14 1996-09-15
1776: # 1997-03-13* 1997-09-18* overridden by 1997 Temp Prov
1777: # 1998-03-19* 1998-09-17* revoked by #42
1778: #42 5853 1243 1997-09-18 1998-03-19 1998-09-05
1779: #43 5937 77 1998-10-18 1999-04-02 1999-09-03
1780: # 2000-04-14* 2000-09-15* revoked by #44
1781: # 2001-04-13* 2001-09-14* revoked by #44
1782: #44 6024 39 2000-03-14 2000-04-14 2000-10-22* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov
1783: # 2001-04-06* 2001-10-10* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov
1784: # 2002-03-29* 2002-10-29* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov
1785: #
1786: # These are laws enacted by the Knesset since the Minister could only alter the
1787: # transition dates at least six months in advanced under the 1992 Law.
1788: # dated start end
1789: # 1997 Temporary Provisions 1997-03-06 1997-03-20 1997-09-13
1790: # 2000 Temporary Provisions 2000-07-28 ---------- 2000-10-06
1791: # 2001-04-09 2001-09-24
1792: # 2002-03-29 2002-10-07
1793: # 2003-03-28 2003-10-03
1794: # 2004-04-07 2004-09-22
1795: # Note:
1796: # Transition times in 1940-1957 (#1-#24) were midnight GMT,
1797: # in 1974-1998 (#25-#42 and the 1997 Temporary Provisions) were midnight,
1798: # in 1999-April 2000 (#43,#44) were 02:00,
1799: # in the 2000 Temporary Provisions were 01:00.
1800: #
1801: # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1802: # Links:
1803: # 1 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537490&increment=687
1804: # 2 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537490&increment=716
1805: # 3 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537491&increment=721
1806: # 4 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537491&increment=958
1807: # 5 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537502&increment=558
1808: # 6 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537511&increment=105
1809: # 7 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537516&increment=278
1810: # 8 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537522&increment=248
1811: # 9 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537530&increment=329
1812: #10 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537537&increment=601
1813: #11 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law12/er-002.pdf#page=3
1814: #12 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law12/er-017-t2.pdf#page=4
1815: #13 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0006.pdf#page=3
1816: #14 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0080.pdf#page=7
1817: #15 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0164.pdf#page=10
1818: #16 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0206.pdf#page=4
1819: #17 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0212.pdf#page=2
1820: #18 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0254.pdf#page=4
1821: #19 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0300.pdf#page=5
1822: #20 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0348.pdf#page=3
1823: #21 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0420.pdf#page=5
1824: #22 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0497.pdf#page=10
1825: #23 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0591.pdf#page=6
1826: #24 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0680.pdf#page=3
1827: #25 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-3192.pdf#page=2
1828: #26 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-3322.pdf#page=5
1829: #27 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4146.pdf#page=2
1830: #28 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4604.pdf#page=7
1831: #29 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4619.pdf#page=2
1832: #30 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4744.pdf#page=11
1833: #31 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4851.pdf#page=2
1834: #32 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4932.pdf#page=19
1835: #33 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5013.pdf#page=8
1836: #34 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5021.pdf#page=8
1837: #35 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5096.pdf#page=3
1838: #36 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5167.pdf#page=2
1839: #37 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5248.pdf#page=7
1840: #38 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5335.pdf#page=6
1841: #39 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5339.pdf#page=7
1842: #40 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5506.pdf#page=19
1843: #41 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5731.pdf#page=2
1844: #42 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5853.pdf#page=3
1845: #43 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5937.pdf#page=9
1846: #44 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-6024.pdf#page=4
1847: #
1848: # Time Determination (Temporary Provisions) Law, 1997
1849: # https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law19/p201_003.htm
1850: #
1851: # Time Determination (Temporary Provisions) Law, 2000
1852: # https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law19/p201_004.htm
1853: #
1854: # Time Determination Law, 1992 and amendments
1855: # https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/p201_002.htm
1856: # https://main.knesset.gov.il/Activity/Legislation/Laws/Pages/LawPrimary.aspx?lawitemid=2001174
1857:
1858: # From Paul Eggert (2020-10-27):
1859: # Several of the midnight transitions mentioned above are ambiguous;
1860: # are they 00:00, 00:00s, 24:00, or 24:00s? When resolving these ambiguities,
1861: # try to minimize changes from previous tzdb versions, for lack of better info.
1862: # Commentary from previous versions is included below, to help explain this.
1863:
1864: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1865: Rule Zion 1940 only - May 31 24:00u 1:00 D
1866: Rule Zion 1940 only - Sep 30 24:00u 0 S
1867: Rule Zion 1940 only - Nov 16 24:00u 1:00 D
1868: Rule Zion 1942 1946 - Oct 31 24:00u 0 S
1869: Rule Zion 1943 1944 - Mar 31 24:00u 1:00 D
1870: Rule Zion 1945 1946 - Apr 15 24:00u 1:00 D
1871: Rule Zion 1948 only - May 22 24:00u 2:00 DD
1872: Rule Zion 1948 only - Aug 31 24:00u 1:00 D
1873: Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Oct 31 24:00u 0 S
1874: Rule Zion 1949 only - Apr 30 24:00u 1:00 D
1875: Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 15 24:00u 1:00 D
1876: Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 14 24:00u 0 S
1877: Rule Zion 1951 only - Mar 31 24:00u 1:00 D
1878: Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 10 24:00u 0 S
1879: Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 19 24:00u 1:00 D
1880: Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 18 24:00u 0 S
1881: Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 11 24:00u 1:00 D
1882: Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 12 24:00u 0 S
1883: Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 12 24:00u 1:00 D
1884: Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 11 24:00u 0 S
1885: Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 24:00u 1:00 D
1886: Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 10 24:00u 0 S
1887: Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 2 24:00u 1:00 D
1888: Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00u 0 S
1889: Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 27 24:00u 1:00 D
1890: Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 21 24:00u 0 S
1891: Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 6 24:00 1:00 D
1892: Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S
1893: Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 19 24:00 1:00 D
1894: Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 30 24:00 0 S
1895:
1896: # From Alois Treindl (2019-03-06):
1897: # http://www.moin.gov.il/Documents/שעון%20קיץ/clock-50-years-7-2014.pdf
1898: # From Isaac Starkman (2019-03-06):
1899: # Summer time was in that period in 1980 and 1984, see
1900: # https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3951073,00.html
1901: # You can of course read it in translation.
1902: # I checked the local newspapers for that years.
1903: # It started on midnight and end at 01.00 am.
1904: # From Paul Eggert (2019-03-06):
1905: # Also see this thread about the moin.gov.il URL:
1906: # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-November/027194.html
1907: Rule Zion 1980 only - Aug 2 24:00s 1:00 D
1908: Rule Zion 1980 only - Sep 13 24:00s 0 S
1909: Rule Zion 1984 only - May 5 24:00s 1:00 D
1910: Rule Zion 1984 only - Aug 25 24:00s 0 S
1911:
1912: Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 13 24:00 1:00 D
1913: Rule Zion 1985 only - Aug 31 24:00 0 S
1914: Rule Zion 1986 only - May 17 24:00 1:00 D
1915: Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 6 24:00 0 S
1916: Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 14 24:00 1:00 D
1917: Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S
1.1 apb 1918:
1919: # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
1920: # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
1921: # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
1922: # ends and changes to Sunday.
1.2 kre 1923: Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 24:00 1:00 D
1924: Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 24:00 0 S
1.1 apb 1925:
1926: # From Ephraim Silverberg
1927: # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1928: # and 2005-02-17):
1929:
1930: # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1931: # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1932: # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1933: # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1934: # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1935: # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1936: # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1937: # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1938: # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1939: # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1940: # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1941: # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1942: # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1943: # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1944: # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1945: # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1946: # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1947: # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1948: # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1949: # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1950: # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1951: # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1952:
1.2 kre 1953: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1954: Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 29 24:00 1:00 D
1955: Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 2 24:00 0 S
1956: Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 24 24:00 1:00 D
1957: Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 25 24:00 0 S
1958: Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 23 24:00 1:00 D
1959: Rule Zion 1991 only - Aug 31 24:00 0 S
1960: Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 28 24:00 1:00 D
1961: Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 5 24:00 0 S
1.1 apb 1962: Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1963: Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1964:
1965: # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1966: # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1967: # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1968:
1.2 kre 1969: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 1970: Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1971: Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1972: Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1973: Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1974:
1975: # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1976: # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1977: # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1978: #
1979: # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1980: #
1981: # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1982: #
1983: # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1984: #
1985: # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1986: #
1987: # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1988:
1.2 kre 1989: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1990: Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 14 24:00 1:00 D
1991: Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 15 24:00 0 S
1992: Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 D
1993: Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 13 24:00 0 S
1.1 apb 1994: Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1995: Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1996: Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1997: Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1998:
1999: # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
2000: # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
2001: # years 2001-2004 as well.
2002: #
2003: # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
2004: #
2005: # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
2006: #
2007: # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
2008: # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
2009: #
2010: # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
2011:
1.2 kre 2012: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 2013: Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
2014: Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
2015: Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
2016: Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
2017: Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
2018: Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
2019: Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
2020: Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
2021: Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
2022: Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
2023:
2024: # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
2025: # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
2026: # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
2027: # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
2028: # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
2029: #
2030: # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
2031: #
2032: # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
2033:
1.2 kre 2034: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2035: Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Apr Fri<=1 2:00 1:00 D
1.1 apb 2036: Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
2037: Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
2038: Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
2039: Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
2040: Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
2041: Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
2042: Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
2043: Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
2044:
1.2 kre 2045: # From Ephraim Silverberg (2020-10-26):
2046: # The current time law (2013) from the State of Israel can be viewed
2047: # (in Hebrew) at:
2048: # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/israel/announcements/2013+law.pdf
2049: # It translates to:
2050: # Every year, in the period from the Friday before the last Sunday in
2051: # the month of March at 02:00 a.m. until the last Sunday of the month
2052: # of October at 02:00 a.m., Israel Time will be advanced an additional
2053: # hour such that it will be UTC+3.
1.1 apb 2054:
1.2 kre 2055: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 2056: Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
2057: Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2058:
1.2 kre 2059: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2060: Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
1.2 kre 2061: 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1.1 apb 2062: 2:00 Zion I%sT
2063:
2064:
2065:
2066: ###############################################################################
2067:
2068: # Japan
2069:
2070: # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
2071:
1.2 kre 2072: # From Paul Eggert (2020-01-19):
2073: # Starting in the 7th century, Japan generally followed an ancient Chinese
2074: # timekeeping system that divided night and day into six hours each,
2075: # with hour length depending on season. In 1873 the government
2076: # started requiring the use of a Western style 24-hour clock. See:
2077: # Yulia Frumer, "Making Time: Astronomical Time Measurement in Tokugawa Japan"
2078: # <https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1043907065>. As the tzdb code and
2079: # data support only 24-hour clocks, its tables model timestamps before
2080: # 1873 using Western-style local mean time.
1.1 apb 2081:
2082: # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
2083: # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1.2 kre 2084: # Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N.
1.1 apb 2085: # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
2086: # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
2087: # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
2088: # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
2089:
2090: # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
2091: # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1.2 kre 2092: # which stands for the time on 135° E.
1.1 apb 2093: # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
2094: # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1.2 kre 2095: # time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard
1.1 apb 2096: # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
2097: # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
2098: # standard....
2099: #
2100: # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
2101: # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
2102:
2103: # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
2104: # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
2105: # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1.2 kre 2106: # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1.1 apb 2107: #
2108: # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
2109: # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1.2 kre 2110: # Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
2111: # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
2112:
2113: # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
2114: # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
2115: # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
2116: # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
1.1 apb 2117:
1.2 kre 2118: # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
2119: # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
2120: # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
2121: # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
2122: # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
2123: # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
2124: # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
2125: # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
2126: # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
2127: # wanted to keep it.)
2128:
2129: # From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19):
2130: # The source of information is Japanese law.
2131: # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm
2132: # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm
2133: # ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday
2134: # in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September.
2135:
2136: # From Phake Nick (2018-09-27):
2137: # [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
2138: # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html
2139: # ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September
2140: # 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time.
2141: # It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed
2142: # during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation
2143: # of the summer time is described in the document.
2144: # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf
2145: # The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at
2146: # September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can
2147: # change the clock before they sleep.
2148: #
2149: # From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27):
2150: # This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats
2151: # it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can
2152: # do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later,
2153: # which should be safe now.
2154:
2155: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2156: Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
2157: Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S
2158: Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
2159: Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
2160:
2161: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2162: Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
2163: 9:00 Japan J%sT
1.2 kre 2164: # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo,
2165: # except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not
2166: # switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file.
1.1 apb 2167:
2168: # Jordan
2169: #
2170: # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
2171: # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
2172: # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
2173: # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
2174: # all year round.
2175: #
2176: # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
2177: # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
2178: # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
2179: # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
2180: # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
2181: # government's departments from six to seven hours.
2182: #
2183: # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2184: # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2185: #
2186: # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2187: # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
2188: # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
2189: #
2190: # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
2191: # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
2192: # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
2193: #
2194:
2195: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
2196: # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
2197: # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
2198: #
2199: # Google's translation:
2200: #
2201: # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
2202: # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
2203: # > of the month of March of each year.
2204: #
2205: # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
2206:
2207: # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
2208: # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
2209:
2210: # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
2211: # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
2212: # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
2213: # until about the same time next year (at least).
2214: # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
2215:
2216: # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
2217: # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
2218: # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
2219: # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
2220: # Official, in Arabic:
2221: # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
2222: # ... Our background/permalink about it
1.2 kre 2223: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
1.1 apb 2224: # ...
2225: # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
2226: # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
2227: # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
2228:
2229: # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
2230: # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
2231:
1.2 kre 2232: # From Steffen Thorsen (2021-09-24):
2233: # The Jordanian Government announced yesterday that they will start DST
2234: # in February instead of March:
2235: # https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=37683&lang=en&name=en_news (English)
2236: # https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=189969&lang=ar&name=news (Arabic)
2237: # From the Arabic version, it seems to say it would be at midnight
2238: # (assume 24:00) on the last Thursday in February, starting from 2022.
2239:
1.6 kre 2240: # From Issam Al-Zuwairi (2022-10-05):
2241: # The Council of Ministers in Jordan decided Wednesday 5th October 2022,
2242: # that daylight saving time (DST) will be throughout the year....
2243: #
2244: # From Brian Inglis (2022-10-06):
2245: # https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=45567&lang=en&name=en_news
2246: #
2247: # From Paul Eggert (2022-10-05):
2248: # Like Syria, model this as a transition from EEST +03 (DST) to plain +03
2249: # (non-DST) at the point where DST would otherwise have ended.
2250:
1.2 kre 2251: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 2252: Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
2253: Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2254: Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2255: Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2256: Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2257: Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
2258: Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2259: Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2260: Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2261: Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2262: Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2263: Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
2264: Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
2265: Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
2266: Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
2267: Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
2268: Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2269: Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2270: Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2271: Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
2272: Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
2273: Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
2274: Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
2275: Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2276: Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
2277: Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
2278: Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
2279: Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
2280: Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
1.2 kre 2281: Rule Jordan 2014 2021 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1.6 kre 2282: Rule Jordan 2014 2022 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
2283: Rule Jordan 2022 only - Feb lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1.2 kre 2284: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2285: Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1.6 kre 2286: 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 2022 Oct 28 0:00s
2287: 3:00 - +03
1.1 apb 2288:
2289:
2290: # Kazakhstan
2291:
1.2 kre 2292: # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
1.1 apb 2293: # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
2294: # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
2295: # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
2296: # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
2297: #
2298: # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
2299: # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
2300: # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
2301: # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
2302: # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1.2 kre 2303: # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū,
2304: # Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1.1 apb 2305: # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
2306: # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
2307:
1.2 kre 2308: # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
2309: # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
2310: # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
2311: #
2312: # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
2313: # from 1991-02-04 No. 20
2314: # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
2315: # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
2316: # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
2317: # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
2318: # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
2319: #
2320: # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
2321: # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
2322: # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
2323: # text.
2324: #
2325: # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
2326: # -- page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
2327: # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564 -- on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
2328: # transition to "summer" time:
2329: # Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
2330: # Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
2331: # were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
2332: # Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
2333: # SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
2334: # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
2335: # Other territories were to not move clocks.
2336: # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
2337: # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
2338: # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
2339: #
2340: # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
2341: # was one of such changes.
2342: #
2343: # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное_время
2344: # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
2345: # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
2346: # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
2347: # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
2348: # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
2349: # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
2350: # move clocks.)
2351: #
2352: # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
2353: # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
2354: # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth
2355: # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
2356: #
2357: # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2358: # from 1992-01-13 No. 28
2359: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
2360: # (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
2361: # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
2362: # 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated
2363: # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
2364: # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
2365: # 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
2366: # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
2367: # border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk
2368: # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth
2369: # time belt).
2370: #
2371: # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
2372: # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from
2373: # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk)....
2374: #
2375: # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2376: # from 1992-03-27 No. 284
2377: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
2378: # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts
2379: # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
2380: # and the fifth time belts respectively.
2381: #
2382: # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2383: # from 1994-09-23 No. 384
2384: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
2385: # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū
2386: # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
2387: # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
2388: # result)....
2389: #
2390: # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2391: # from 1996-05-08 No. 575
2392: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
2393: # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
2394: # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
2395: #
2396: # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2397: # from 1999-03-26 No. 305
2398: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
2399: # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the
2400: # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
2401: # time belt.
2402: #
2403: # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05....
2404: #
2405: # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2406: # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
2407: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
2408: # replaces the previous five documents.
2409: #
2410: # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
2411: # fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling
2412: # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
2413: # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast
2414: # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast
2415: # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
2416: # fourth time belt (no change in practice).
2417: #
2418: # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2419: # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
2420: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
2421: # modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently.
2422: #
2423: # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2424: # from 2004-07-20 No. 775
2425: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
2426: # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into
2427: # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
2428: # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
2429: # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented
2430: # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
2431: # amended before implementation happened.
2432: #
2433: # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2434: # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
2435: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
2436: # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
2437: # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
2438: # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan,
2439: # Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks
2440: # during the 2004 transition to "winter" time.
2441: #
2442: # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no
2443: # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
2444: # +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
2445: # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....
2446: #
2447: # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2448: # from 2005-03-15 No. 231
2449: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
2450: # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
2451: # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
2452: # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
2453: # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
2454: # time.
2455: #
2456: # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
2457: # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
2458: # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
2459: # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
2460:
2461: # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08):
2462: # Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay
2463: # oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone.
2464: # (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
2465: # according to wikipedia.)
2466: #
2467: # [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
2468: # suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
2469: # 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand
2470: # how that could happen....
2471: #
2472: # [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
2473: # (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
2474: # and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
2475: # the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
2476:
2477: # From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20):
1.5 kre 2478: # (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from UTC+6 to UTC+5
2479: # effective December 21st, 2018....
2480: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language).
1.2 kre 2481:
2482: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2483: #
2484: # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1.2 kre 2485: # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
2486: # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
1.1 apb 2487: Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1.2 kre 2488: 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2489: 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2490: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2491: 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2492: 6:00 - +06
2493: # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
1.1 apb 2494: Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.2 kre 2495: 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2496: 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2497: 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2498: 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2499: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2500: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2501: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2502: 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2503: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2504: 6:00 - +06 2018 Dec 21 0:00
2505: 5:00 - +05
2506: #
2507: # Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS)
2508: # The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
2509: # reorganization.
2510: Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:28 - LMT 1924 May 2
2511: 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2512: 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2513: 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2514: 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2515: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2516: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2517: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2518: 6:00 - +06
2519:
2520: # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
1.1 apb 2521: Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.2 kre 2522: 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2523: 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2524: 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2525: 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2526: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2527: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2528: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2529: 5:00 - +05
2530: # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
1.1 apb 2531: # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1.2 kre 2532: # so include timestamps before 1963.
1.1 apb 2533: Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.2 kre 2534: 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2535: 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
2536: 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2537: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2538: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2539: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
2540: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2541: 5:00 - +05
2542: # Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
2543: # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
2544: Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2
2545: 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2546: 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
2547: 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2548: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2549: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2550: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s
2551: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2552: 5:00 - +05
2553: # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
2554: # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2555: # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1.1 apb 2556: Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1.2 kre 2557: 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
2558: 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2559: 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2560: 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2561: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2562: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2563: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2564: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2565: 5:00 - +05
1.1 apb 2566:
2567: # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
2568: # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2569:
2570: # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
2571: # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1.2 kre 2572: # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1.1 apb 2573: # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
2574: # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
2575: # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
2576: # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
2577: # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
2578:
1.2 kre 2579: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2580: Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 -
1.1 apb 2581: Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1.2 kre 2582: Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 -
1.1 apb 2583: Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1.2 kre 2584: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2585: Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.2 kre 2586: 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2587: 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2588: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00
2589: 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12
2590: 6:00 - +06
1.1 apb 2591:
2592: ###############################################################################
2593:
2594: # Korea (North and South)
2595:
1.2 kre 2596: # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
2597: # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
2598: # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
2599: # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
2600: # between 1987 and 1988 ...
2601:
2602: # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
2603: # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
2604: # According to the Korean Wikipedia
2605: # https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
2606: # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
2607: # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
2608: # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
2609: # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
2610: # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
2611: # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
2612:
2613: # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
2614: # 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end
2615: # date in South Korea should be
2616: # 1955-09-08 without specifying time
2617: # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557
2618: # 1956-09-29 without specifying time
2619: # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341
2620: # 1957-09-21 24 o'clock
2621: # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3
2622: # 1958-09-20 24 o'clock
2623: # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189
2624: # 1959-09-19 24 o'clock
2625: # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2
2626: # 1960-09-17 24 o'clock
2627: # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104
2628: # ...
2629: # 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/대한민국%20표준시 ... [says]
2630: # when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international
2631: # aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to
2632: # follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability.
2633:
2634:
2635: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2636: Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
2637: Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S
2638: Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
2639: Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sat>=7 24:00 0 S
2640: Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
2641: Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
2642: Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
2643: Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 8 24:00 0 S
2644: Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
2645: Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00 0 S
2646: Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2647: Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sat>=17 24:00 0 S
2648: Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
2649: Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
2650:
2651: # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
2652: # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
2653: #
2654: # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
2655: # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
2656: # (Announcement No. 338)
2657: # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
2658: # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
2659: #
2660: # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
2661: # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
2662: #
2663: # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1.1 apb 2664: # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
2665: # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1.2 kre 2666: #
2667: # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
2668: # have no information otherwise.
1.1 apb 2669:
1.2 kre 2670: # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
2671: # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
2672: # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
2673: # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
2674: #
2675: # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
2676: # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
2677: # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
2678: # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
2679: # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
2680: # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
2681:
2682: # From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29):
2683: # North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang
2684: # Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time).
2685: #
2686: # From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30):
2687: # Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan.
2688: # https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf
2689: # ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree
2690: # No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's
2691: # Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun.
2692: # From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29):
2693: # It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column.
2694: #
2695: # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04):
2696: # The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today.
2697: # https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705
2698:
2699: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2700: Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
2701: 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1.1 apb 2702: 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1.2 kre 2703: 9:00 ROK K%sT 1954 Mar 21
2704: 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1.1 apb 2705: 9:00 ROK K%sT
1.2 kre 2706: Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
2707: 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1.1 apb 2708: 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1.2 kre 2709: 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
2710: 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30
1.1 apb 2711: 9:00 - KST
2712:
2713: # Kuwait
1.4 kre 2714: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2715: Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
2716: 3:00 - +03
1.1 apb 2717:
2718: # Laos
1.4 kre 2719: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2720: Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
2721: 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
2722: 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
2723: 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
2724: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
2725: 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
2726: 8:00 - +08 1955 Apr 15
2727: 7:00 - +07
1.2 kre 2728:
1.1 apb 2729: # Lebanon
1.9 ! kre 2730: #
! 2731: # From Saadallah Itani (2023-03-23):
! 2732: # Lebanon too announced today delay of Spring forward from March 25 to April 20.
! 2733: # From Paul Eggert (2023-03-23):
! 2734: # https://www.mtv.com.lb/en/News/Local/1352516/lebanon-postpones-daylight-saving-time-adoption
! 2735: #
1.2 kre 2736: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 2737: Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
2738: Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
2739: Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
2740: Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
2741: Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2742: Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2743: Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
2744: Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
2745: Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2746: Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2747: Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
2748: Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2749: Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2750: Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
2751: Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2752: Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2753: Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
2754: Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2755: Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2756: Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2757: Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1.9 ! kre 2758: Rule Lebanon 1993 2022 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1.1 apb 2759: Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2760: Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1.9 ! kre 2761: Rule Lebanon 2023 only - Apr 21 0:00 1:00 S
! 2762: Rule Lebanon 2024 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1.2 kre 2763: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2764: Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
2765: 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
2766:
1.6 kre 2767: # Malaysia (eastern)
1.2 kre 2768: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2769: Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 -
1.1 apb 2770: Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
2771: #
1.5 kre 2772: # Peninsular Malaysia
1.2 kre 2773: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2774: Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2775: 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1.2 kre 2776: 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
2777: 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
2778: 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
2779: 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
2780: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
1.7 kre 2781: 7:30 - +0730 1981 Dec 31 16:00u
1.2 kre 2782: 8:00 - +08
1.5 kre 2783:
2784: #
1.1 apb 2785: # Sabah & Sarawak
1.2 kre 2786: # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
2787: # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
2788: # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
2789: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2790: Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1.2 kre 2791: 7:30 - +0730 1933
2792: 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
2793: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2794: 8:00 - +08
1.1 apb 2795:
2796: # Maldives
1.2 kre 2797: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2798: Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé
2799: 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time
2800: 5:00 - +05
1.1 apb 2801:
2802: # Mongolia
2803:
2804: # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
2805: # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
2806: # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
2807:
2808: # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
2809: # General Information Mongolia
2810: # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
2811: # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
2812: # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
2813: # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
2814: # eight hours."
2815:
2816: # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
2817: # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
2818: # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
2819: # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
2820: # of implementation may have been different....
2821: # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
2822: # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
2823: # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
2824:
2825: # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
2826: # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
2827: # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
2828: # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
2829: # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
2830: # is good enough for our purposes.
2831:
2832: # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
2833: # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
2834: # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
2835: # there are three time zones.
2836: #
2837: # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
2838: # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
2839: # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
2840: # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
2841: #
2842: # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
2843:
2844: # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
2845: # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
2846: # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
2847: # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
2848: #
2849: # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
2850: # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
2851: # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
2852:
2853: # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
2854: # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
2855: # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
2856: # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
2857: # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
1.2 kre 2858: # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
1.1 apb 2859: # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
2860: # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
2861: # He also found
1.2 kre 2862: # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
1.1 apb 2863: # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
2864: # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
2865: # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
2866: # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
2867: # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
2868: # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
2869: # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
2870:
2871: # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
2872: # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
2873: # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
2874: # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
2875:
2876: # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
2877: # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
2878: # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
2879: # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
2880: # database on this, e.g.:
2881: #
1.2 kre 2882: # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1.1 apb 2883: # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
2884: #
2885: # both say GMT+08:00.
2886:
2887: # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
2888: # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
2889: # schedule here:
2890: # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
2891: # (click the English flag for English)
2892: #
2893: # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
2894: # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
2895: # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
2896: # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
2897: # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
2898: # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
2899:
2900: # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2901: # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
2902: # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
2903: # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
2904: # this is almost surely wrong.
2905:
1.2 kre 2906: # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
2907: # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
2908: # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
2909: # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
2910: # September daylight saving time ends. Source:
2911: # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
2912:
2913: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2914: Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 2915: Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2916: # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
2917: # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
2918: # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
2919: #
2920: # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
2921: # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
2922: # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
2923: # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
2924: # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
2925: # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
2926:
1.2 kre 2927: # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09):
2928: # Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight
2929: # saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192
2930:
2931: Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 2932: Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2933: # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1.2 kre 2934: Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 2935: Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1.2 kre 2936: Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
2937: Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
2938: Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
1.1 apb 2939:
1.2 kre 2940: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2941: # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
2942: Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1.2 kre 2943: 6:00 - +06 1978
2944: 7:00 Mongol +07/+08
1.1 apb 2945: # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
2946: Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1.2 kre 2947: 7:00 - +07 1978
2948: 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
2949: # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1.1 apb 2950: # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
2951: Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1.2 kre 2952: 7:00 - +07 1978
2953: 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr
2954: 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31
2955: 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
1.1 apb 2956:
2957: # Nepal
1.2 kre 2958: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2959: Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1.2 kre 2960: 5:30 - +0530 1986
2961: 5:45 - +0545
1.1 apb 2962:
2963: # Oman
1.4 kre 2964: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2965: Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920
2966: 4:00 - +04
1.1 apb 2967:
2968: # Pakistan
2969:
2970: # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
2971: # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
2972: # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
2973: # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
2974: # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
2975: # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
2976:
2977: # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
2978: # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
2979: # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
2980: # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
2981: # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
2982: # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
2983: # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
2984: # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
2985: # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
2986: # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
2987: # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
2988:
2989: # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
2990: # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
2991: # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
2992:
2993: # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
2994: # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
2995: # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
2996: #
2997: # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
2998: # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
2999: # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
3000: # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
3001: #
3002: # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
3003: # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
3004:
3005: # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
3006: #
3007: # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
3008: # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
3009: #
1.2 kre 3010: # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
3011: # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
3012: # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
1.1 apb 3013: #
1.2 kre 3014: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1.8 kre 3015: # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\05\15\story_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1.1 apb 3016:
3017: # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
3018: # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
3019:
3020: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
3021: # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
3022: # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
3023: # instead of August 31.
3024: #
3025: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
3026: # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
3027:
3028: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
3029: # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
3030: # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
3031: # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
3032: # official working."
3033: # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
3034: #
3035: # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
3036: # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
3037: #
3038: # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
3039: # April 08, 2009
3040: # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
3041: # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
3042: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
3043: #
3044: # ....
3045: # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
3046: # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
3047: # conserve energy"
3048:
3049: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
3050: # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
3051: # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
3052: # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
3053: # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
3054: # this regard."
3055: # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
3056:
3057: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
3058: # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1.2 kre 3059: # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
3060: # October 1, 2009.
1.1 apb 3061: #
3062: # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
3063: # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
3064: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
1.2 kre 3065: #
1.1 apb 3066: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
3067: # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
3068: # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
3069: # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
3070: # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
3071: # Monday."
3072: #
3073: # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
3074: # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
3075: # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
3076: # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
3077: #
3078: # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
3079: # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1.2 kre 3080: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
1.1 apb 3081:
3082: # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
3083: # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
3084: # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
3085:
3086: # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
3087: # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
3088: # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
3089: # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
3090: # >
3091: # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
3092: # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
3093: # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
3094: # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
3095: # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
3096: #
3097: # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
3098: # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
3099: #
3100: # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
3101: # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
3102:
1.2 kre 3103: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3104: Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
3105: Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
1.1 apb 3106: Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1.2 kre 3107: Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1.1 apb 3108: Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
3109:
1.2 kre 3110: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3111: Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1.2 kre 3112: 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
3113: 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
3114: 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30
3115: 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26
1.1 apb 3116: 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
3117:
3118: # Palestine
3119:
3120: # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
3121: #
3122: # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
3123: # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
3124: # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
3125: #
3126: # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
3127: # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
3128: # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
3129: # though.
3130: #
3131: # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
3132: # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
3133: # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
3134: # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
3135: # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
3136: # East Jerusalem.
3137: #
3138: # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
3139: # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
3140: # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
3141: # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
3142: # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
3143: #
3144: # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
3145: # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
3146: # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
3147: # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
3148: # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
3149: # Jordanian one).
3150: #
3151: # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
3152: #
3153: # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
3154: # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
3155: # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
3156: # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
3157: # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
3158: #
3159: # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
3160: # have one).
3161:
3162: # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
3163: # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
3164: # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
3165: # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
3166: # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
3167: # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
3168: # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
3169: # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
3170: # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
3171: # to Palestine's rules.
3172:
3173: # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
3174: # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
3175: #
3176: # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
3177: # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
3178: # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
3179: # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
3180:
3181: # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
3182: # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
1.2 kre 3183: # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
1.1 apb 3184: # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
3185: # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
3186: # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
3187: # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
3188: # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
3189:
3190: # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
3191: # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
3192:
3193: # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
3194: # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
3195: # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
3196: # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
3197: # earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
3198:
3199: # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
3200: # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
3201: # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
3202: # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
3203: # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
3204: # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
3205: # the West Bank.
3206:
3207: # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
3208: # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
3209: # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
3210: # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
3211: # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
3212: # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
3213: # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
3214: # because of the Ramadan.
3215:
3216: # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
3217: # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
3218: # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
3219:
3220: # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
3221: # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
3222: # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
3223: # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
3224: # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
3225: # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
3226:
3227: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
3228: # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
3229: #
3230: # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
3231: # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
3232: #
3233: # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
3234: # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
3235: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
3236:
3237: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
3238: # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
3239: # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
3240: # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
3241: #
3242: # (in Arabic)
3243: # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
3244: #
3245: # (English translation)
3246: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
3247:
3248: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
3249: # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
3250: # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
3251: #
3252: # One news source:
3253: # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
3254: # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
3255: # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
3256: # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
3257: # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
3258: # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
3259: #
3260: # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
3261: # end date, we will keep this page updated:
1.2 kre 3262: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
1.1 apb 3263:
3264: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
3265: # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
3266: #
3267: # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
3268: # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
3269: #
3270: # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
3271: # (from Palestinian National Authority):
3272: # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
3273: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
3274:
3275: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
3276: # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
3277: # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
3278: # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
3279: #
3280: # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
3281: # (in Arabic)
3282: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
3283:
3284: # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
3285: # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
3286: # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
3287: # noon though:
3288: #
3289: # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
3290: # (Ma'an News Agency)
3291: # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
3292: # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
3293:
3294: # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
3295: # According to several sources, including
3296: # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
3297: # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
3298: # Gaza and the West Bank.
3299: # Some more background info:
1.2 kre 3300: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
1.1 apb 3301:
3302: # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
3303: # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
3304: # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
3305: # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
3306: # Ramadan.
3307: #
3308: # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
3309: # Additional info:
1.2 kre 3310: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
1.1 apb 3311:
3312: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
3313: # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
3314: # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
3315: # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
3316: # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
3317: # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
3318: # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
3319: # ...
1.2 kre 3320: # https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
1.1 apb 3321: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
3322: # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
3323:
3324: # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
3325: # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
3326: # 00:00).
3327: # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
3328: #
3329: # Many sources, including:
3330: # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
3331:
3332: # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
3333: # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
3334: # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
3335: # Some of many sources in Arabic:
3336: # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
3337: #
1.8 kre 3338: # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/بدء-التوقيت-الصيفي-بالضفة-وغزة-ليلة-الجمعة.html
1.1 apb 3339: #
3340: # Our brief summary:
1.2 kre 3341: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
1.1 apb 3342:
3343: # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
3344: # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
3345: # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
3346: # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
3347: # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
1.8 kre 3348: # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/رام-الله-بدء-التوقيت-الصيفي-29-الجاري.html
1.1 apb 3349:
3350: # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
3351: # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
3352: # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
3353: # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
3354: # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
3355: # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
3356: # official source...:
3357: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
3358:
1.2 kre 3359: # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
3360: # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
3361: # and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
3362: # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
3363: #
3364: # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
3365: # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
3366: # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
3367:
3368: # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
3369: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
3370: # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
3371: # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
3372: # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
3373:
3374: # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
3375: # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
3376: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
3377: # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
3378:
3379: # From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16):
3380: # Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 ...
3381: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817
3382:
3383: # From Even Scharning (2019-03-23):
3384: # http://pnn.ps/news/401130
3385: # http://palweather.ps/ar/node/50136.html
3386: #
3387: # From Sharif Mustafa (2019-03-26):
3388: # The Palestinian cabinet announced today that the switch to DST will
3389: # be on Fri Mar 29th 2019 by advancing the clock by 60 minutes.
3390: # http://palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e54e9ea1-50ee-4137-84df-0d6c78da259b
3391: #
3392: # From Even Scharning (2019-04-10):
3393: # Our source in Palestine said it happened Friday 29 at 00:00 local time....
3394:
3395: # From Sharef Mustafa (2019-10-18):
3396: # Palestine summer time will end on midnight Oct 26th 2019 ...
3397: #
3398: # From Steffen Thorsen (2020-10-20):
3399: # Some sources such as these say, and display on clocks, that DST ended at
3400: # midnight last year...
3401: # https://www.amad.ps/ar/post/320006
3402: #
3403: # From Tim Parenti (2020-10-20):
3404: # The report of the Palestinian Cabinet meeting of 2019-10-14 confirms
3405: # a decision on (translated): "The start of the winter time in Palestine, by
3406: # delaying the clock by sixty minutes, starting from midnight on Friday /
3407: # Saturday corresponding to 26/10/2019."
3408: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/43948
3409:
3410: # From Sharef Mustafa (2020-10-20):
3411: # As per the palestinian cabinet announcement yesterday , the day light saving
3412: # shall [end] on Oct 24th 2020 at 01:00AM by delaying the clock by 60 minutes.
3413: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/Meeting/Details/51584
3414:
3415: # From Pierre Cashon (2020-10-20):
3416: # The summer time this year started on March 28 at 00:00.
3417: # https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=GveQNZa872839351758aGveQNZ
3418: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/50284
3419: # The winter time in 2015 started on October 23 at 01:00.
3420: # https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=CgpCdYa670694628582aCgpCdY
3421: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/27583
1.1 apb 3422:
1.3 kre 3423: # From P Chan (2021-10-18):
3424: # http://wafa.ps/Pages/Details/34701
3425: # Palestine winter time will start from midnight 2021-10-29 (Thursday-Friday).
3426: #
3427: # From Heba Hemad, Palestine Ministry of Telecom & IT (2021-10-20):
3428: # ... winter time will begin in Palestine from Friday 10-29, 01:00 AM
3429: # by 60 minutes backwards.
3430: #
1.4 kre 3431: # From Tim Parenti (2021-10-25), per Paul Eggert (2021-10-24):
3432: # Guess future fall transitions at 01:00 on the Friday preceding October's
3433: # last Sunday (i.e., Fri>=23), as this is more consistent with recent practice.
3434:
3435: # From Heba Hamad (2022-03-10):
3436: # summer time will begin in Palestine from Sunday 03-27-2022, 00:00 AM.
1.3 kre 3437:
1.6 kre 3438: # From Heba Hamad (2022-08-30):
3439: # winter time will begin in Palestine from Saturday 10-29, 02:00 AM by
3440: # 60 minutes backwards. Also the state of Palestine adopted the summer
3441: # and winter time for the years: 2023,2024,2025,2026 ...
3442: # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/attachments/20220830/9f024566/Time-0001.pdf
3443: # (2022-08-31): ... the Saturday before the last Sunday in March and October
3444: # at 2:00 AM ,for the years from 2023 to 2026.
3445: # (2022-09-05): https://mtit.pna.ps/Site/New/1453
1.8 kre 3446:
3447: # From Heba Hamad (2023-03-22):
3448: # ... summer time will begin in Palestine from Saturday 04-29-2023,
3449: # 02:00 AM by 60 minutes forward.
3450: #
3451: # From Paul Eggert (2023-03-22):
3452: # For now, guess that spring and fall transitions will normally
3453: # continue to use 2022's rules, that during DST Palestine will switch
3454: # to standard time at 02:00 the last Saturday before Ramadan and back
3455: # to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after Ramadan, and that
3456: # if the normal spring-forward or fall-back transition occurs during
3457: # Ramadan the former is delayed and the latter advanced.
3458: # To implement this, I predicted Ramadan-oriented transition dates for
3459: # 2023 through 2086 by running the following program under GNU Emacs 28.2,
3460: # with the results integrated by hand into the table below.
3461: # Predictions after 2086 are approximated without Ramadan.
3462: #
3463: # (let ((islamic-year 1444))
3464: # (require 'cal-islam)
3465: # (while (< islamic-year 1510)
3466: # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
3467: # (b (+ 1 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))))
3468: # (saturday 6))
3469: # (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
3470: # (while (/= saturday (mod b 7))
3471: # (setq b (1+ b)))
3472: # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
3473: # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
3474: # (insert
3475: # (format
3476: # (concat "Rule Palestine\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t2:00\t0\t-\n"
3477: # "Rule Palestine\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
3478: # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
3479: # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
3480: # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
1.6 kre 3481:
1.2 kre 3482: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 3483: Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
3484: Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3485: Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3486: Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
3487: Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
3488: Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
3489:
3490: Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
3491: Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
3492: Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
3493: Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
3494: Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3495: Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1.2 kre 3496: Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 -
1.1 apb 3497: Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3498: Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1.2 kre 3499: Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep 4 1:00 0 -
1.1 apb 3500: Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3501: Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
3502: Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
3503: Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
3504: Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
3505: Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1.2 kre 3506: Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1.1 apb 3507: Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
1.2 kre 3508: Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
3509: Rule Palestine 2014 only - Oct 24 0:00 0 -
3510: Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
3511: Rule Palestine 2015 only - Oct 23 1:00 0 -
1.6 kre 3512: Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Mar Sat<=30 1:00 1:00 S
3513: Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Oct Sat<=30 1:00 0 -
1.2 kre 3514: Rule Palestine 2019 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 S
1.6 kre 3515: Rule Palestine 2019 only - Oct Sat<=30 0:00 0 -
3516: Rule Palestine 2020 2021 - Mar Sat<=30 0:00 1:00 S
1.3 kre 3517: Rule Palestine 2020 only - Oct 24 1:00 0 -
1.6 kre 3518: Rule Palestine 2021 only - Oct 29 1:00 0 -
3519: Rule Palestine 2022 only - Mar 27 0:00 1:00 S
1.8 kre 3520: Rule Palestine 2022 2035 - Oct Sat<=30 2:00 0 -
3521: Rule Palestine 2023 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
3522: Rule Palestine 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S
3523: Rule Palestine 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S
3524: Rule Palestine 2026 2054 - Mar Sat<=30 2:00 1:00 S
3525: Rule Palestine 2036 only - Oct 18 2:00 0 -
3526: Rule Palestine 2037 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 -
3527: Rule Palestine 2038 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 -
3528: Rule Palestine 2039 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 -
3529: Rule Palestine 2039 only - Oct 22 2:00 1:00 S
3530: Rule Palestine 2039 2067 - Oct Sat<=30 2:00 0 -
3531: Rule Palestine 2040 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
3532: Rule Palestine 2040 only - Oct 13 2:00 1:00 S
3533: Rule Palestine 2041 only - Aug 24 2:00 0 -
3534: Rule Palestine 2041 only - Sep 28 2:00 1:00 S
3535: Rule Palestine 2042 only - Aug 16 2:00 0 -
3536: Rule Palestine 2042 only - Sep 20 2:00 1:00 S
3537: Rule Palestine 2043 only - Aug 1 2:00 0 -
3538: Rule Palestine 2043 only - Sep 12 2:00 1:00 S
3539: Rule Palestine 2044 only - Jul 23 2:00 0 -
3540: Rule Palestine 2044 only - Aug 27 2:00 1:00 S
3541: Rule Palestine 2045 only - Jul 15 2:00 0 -
3542: Rule Palestine 2045 only - Aug 19 2:00 1:00 S
3543: Rule Palestine 2046 only - Jun 30 2:00 0 -
3544: Rule Palestine 2046 only - Aug 11 2:00 1:00 S
3545: Rule Palestine 2047 only - Jun 22 2:00 0 -
3546: Rule Palestine 2047 only - Jul 27 2:00 1:00 S
3547: Rule Palestine 2048 only - Jun 6 2:00 0 -
3548: Rule Palestine 2048 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S
3549: Rule Palestine 2049 only - May 29 2:00 0 -
3550: Rule Palestine 2049 only - Jul 3 2:00 1:00 S
3551: Rule Palestine 2050 only - May 21 2:00 0 -
3552: Rule Palestine 2050 only - Jun 25 2:00 1:00 S
3553: Rule Palestine 2051 only - May 6 2:00 0 -
3554: Rule Palestine 2051 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S
3555: Rule Palestine 2052 only - Apr 27 2:00 0 -
3556: Rule Palestine 2052 only - Jun 1 2:00 1:00 S
3557: Rule Palestine 2053 only - Apr 12 2:00 0 -
3558: Rule Palestine 2053 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S
3559: Rule Palestine 2054 only - Apr 4 2:00 0 -
3560: Rule Palestine 2054 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S
3561: Rule Palestine 2055 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
3562: Rule Palestine 2056 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S
3563: Rule Palestine 2057 only - Apr 7 2:00 1:00 S
3564: Rule Palestine 2058 max - Mar Sat<=30 2:00 1:00 S
3565: Rule Palestine 2068 only - Oct 20 2:00 0 -
3566: Rule Palestine 2069 only - Oct 12 2:00 0 -
3567: Rule Palestine 2070 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
3568: Rule Palestine 2071 only - Sep 19 2:00 0 -
3569: Rule Palestine 2072 only - Sep 10 2:00 0 -
3570: Rule Palestine 2072 only - Oct 15 2:00 1:00 S
3571: Rule Palestine 2073 only - Sep 2 2:00 0 -
3572: Rule Palestine 2073 only - Oct 7 2:00 1:00 S
3573: Rule Palestine 2074 only - Aug 18 2:00 0 -
3574: Rule Palestine 2074 only - Sep 29 2:00 1:00 S
3575: Rule Palestine 2075 only - Aug 10 2:00 0 -
3576: Rule Palestine 2075 only - Sep 14 2:00 1:00 S
3577: Rule Palestine 2075 max - Oct Sat<=30 2:00 0 -
3578: Rule Palestine 2076 only - Jul 25 2:00 0 -
3579: Rule Palestine 2076 only - Sep 5 2:00 1:00 S
3580: Rule Palestine 2077 only - Jul 17 2:00 0 -
3581: Rule Palestine 2077 only - Aug 28 2:00 1:00 S
3582: Rule Palestine 2078 only - Jul 9 2:00 0 -
3583: Rule Palestine 2078 only - Aug 13 2:00 1:00 S
3584: Rule Palestine 2079 only - Jun 24 2:00 0 -
3585: Rule Palestine 2079 only - Aug 5 2:00 1:00 S
3586: Rule Palestine 2080 only - Jun 15 2:00 0 -
3587: Rule Palestine 2080 only - Jul 20 2:00 1:00 S
3588: Rule Palestine 2081 only - Jun 7 2:00 0 -
3589: Rule Palestine 2081 only - Jul 12 2:00 1:00 S
3590: Rule Palestine 2082 only - May 23 2:00 0 -
3591: Rule Palestine 2082 only - Jul 4 2:00 1:00 S
3592: Rule Palestine 2083 only - May 15 2:00 0 -
3593: Rule Palestine 2083 only - Jun 19 2:00 1:00 S
3594: Rule Palestine 2084 only - Apr 29 2:00 0 -
3595: Rule Palestine 2084 only - Jun 10 2:00 1:00 S
3596: Rule Palestine 2085 only - Apr 21 2:00 0 -
3597: Rule Palestine 2085 only - Jun 2 2:00 1:00 S
3598: Rule Palestine 2086 only - Apr 13 2:00 0 -
3599: Rule Palestine 2086 only - May 18 2:00 1:00 S
1.1 apb 3600:
1.2 kre 3601: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3602: Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1.2 kre 3603: 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
1.1 apb 3604: 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
3605: 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
3606: 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1.2 kre 3607: 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
1.1 apb 3608: 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
3609: 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
1.2 kre 3610: 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
1.1 apb 3611: 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
3612: 2:00 - EET 2012
3613: 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
3614:
3615: Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
1.2 kre 3616: 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
1.1 apb 3617: 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
3618: 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
3619: 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
3620: 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
3621:
3622: # Paracel Is
3623: # no information
3624:
3625: # Philippines
1.2 kre 3626:
3627: # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
3628: # The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time.
3629: # It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from
3630: # 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time.
1.1 apb 3631: # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
3632: # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
3633: # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
3634: # History of the International Date Line
1.2 kre 3635: # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
3636: # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1.1 apb 3637:
3638: # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
3639: # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
3640: # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
3641: # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
3642: # but no details]
3643:
1.2 kre 3644: # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
3645: # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
3646: # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
3647: # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
3648: # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
3649: # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
3650: # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
3651:
3652: # From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15):
3653: # In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535
3654: # which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time".
3655: # The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although
3656: # the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish
3657: # it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)."
3658: # [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/
3659: # [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535
3660: #
3661: # From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19):
3662: # I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is
3663: # more popular among reliable English-language news sources. This is
3664: # not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and
3665: # influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST,
3666: # so use "PDT", the usual American style.
3667:
1.3 kre 3668: # From P Chan (2021-05-10):
3669: # Here's a fairly comprehensive article in Japanese:
3670: # https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/Philippine%20Time
3671: # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-10):
3672: # The info in the Japanese table has not been absorbed (yet) below.
3673:
1.2 kre 3674: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3675: Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
3676: Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S
3677: Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D
3678: Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
3679: Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
3680: Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
3681: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3682: Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
3683: 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
1.2 kre 3684: 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May
1.1 apb 3685: 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
1.2 kre 3686: 8:00 Phil P%sT
1.1 apb 3687:
3688: # Qatar
1.2 kre 3689: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3690: Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
3691: 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
3692: 3:00 - +03
1.1 apb 3693:
3694: # Saudi Arabia
3695: #
1.6 kre 3696: # Japan's year-round bases in Antarctica match this since 1970.
3697: #
1.2 kre 3698: # From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29):
1.1 apb 3699: # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
1.2 kre 3700: # standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it
1.1 apb 3701: # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
3702: # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
3703: # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
3704: # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
3705: # o'clock for "Arab" time).
3706: #
1.2 kre 3707: # Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi
3708: # Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common
3709: # practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset -
3710: # which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from
3711: # the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm
3712: # instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they
3713: # used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line
3714: # Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western.
3715: # (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes,
3716: # "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power
3717: # station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he
3718: # assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he
3719: # shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is
3720: # going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See:
3721: # Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3.
3722: # http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm
3723: # Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing.
3724: # Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3.
3725: #
1.1 apb 3726: # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
3727: # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
3728: # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
3729: # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
3730: # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
3731: # earlier date.
3732: #
3733: # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
1.2 kre 3734: # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
3735: # the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this,
3736: # as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
1.1 apb 3737: #
1.2 kre 3738: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3739: Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
1.2 kre 3740: 3:00 - +03
1.1 apb 3741:
3742: # Singapore
1.2 kre 3743: # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1.3 kre 3744: # https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html
1.2 kre 3745: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3746: Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
3747: 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1.2 kre 3748: 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
3749: 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
3750: 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
3751: 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
3752: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
1.7 kre 3753: 7:30 - +0730 1981 Dec 31 16:00u
1.2 kre 3754: 8:00 - +08
1.1 apb 3755:
3756: # Spratly Is
3757: # no information
3758:
3759: # Sri Lanka
3760:
3761: # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
3762: # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
3763: # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
3764: # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
3765: # Shanks and Pottenger.
3766:
3767: # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
3768: # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
3769: # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
3770: # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
3771: # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
3772: # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
3773: #
3774: # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
3775: # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
3776: # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
3777: # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
3778: # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
3779:
3780: # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
3781: # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
3782: # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
3783: # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
3784:
3785: # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
1.2 kre 3786: # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
1.1 apb 3787: # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
3788: # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
3789: # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
3790: # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
3791: # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
3792: # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
3793:
1.2 kre 3794: # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
3795: # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
3796: # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
3797: # standard time is SLST.
3798: #
3799: # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
1.8 kre 3800: # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely used outside time
1.2 kre 3801: # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of
3802: # it in the International Business Times of India in February and
3803: # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
3804: # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
3805: # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
3806: # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
3807: # switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
1.1 apb 3808:
1.2 kre 3809: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3810: Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
1.2 kre 3811: 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
3812: 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
3813: 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep
3814: 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00
3815: 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00
3816: 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30
3817: 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30
3818: 5:30 - +0530
1.1 apb 3819:
3820: # Syria
1.2 kre 3821: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 3822: Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
3823: Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
3824: Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
3825: Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
3826: Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
3827: Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
3828: Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
3829: Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
3830: Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
3831: Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
3832: Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
3833: Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
3834: Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
3835: Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
3836: Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
3837: Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
3838: Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
3839: Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
3840: Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
3841: Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
3842: Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
3843: Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
3844: Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
3845: Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3846: Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3847: Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
3848: Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3849: Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
3850: # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
3851: # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
3852: # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
3853: # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
3854: # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
3855: # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
3856: Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3857: Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3858: Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
3859: Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3860: # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
3861: # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
3862: # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
3863: Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
3864: # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
3865: # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
3866: # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
3867: Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3868: # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
3869: # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
3870: # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
3871: # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
3872: # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
3873: # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
3874: # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
3875: #
3876: # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
3877: # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
3878: #
3879: # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
3880: # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
3881: #
3882: # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
3883: # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
3884: #
3885: # which using Google's translate tools says:
3886: # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
3887: # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
3888: # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
3889: Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
3890:
3891: # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
3892: # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
1.2 kre 3893: # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
1.1 apb 3894: # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
3895: # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
3896: # Variation
3897: # Syrian Arab
3898: # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
3899: # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
3900: # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
3901:
3902: # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
3903: # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
3904: # Agency (SANA)...
3905: # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
3906: # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
3907: # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
3908: # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
3909: # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
3910: # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
3911:
3912: # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
3913: # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
3914: # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
3915: # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
3916: # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
3917:
3918: # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
3919: # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
3920: # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
3921: #
3922: # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
3923: # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
3924: # clocks back 60 minutes).
3925: #
3926: # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
3927:
3928: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
3929: # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
3930: # two examples:
3931: #
3932: # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
3933: # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
3934: # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
3935: # (Arabic, gov-site)
3936: #
3937: # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
3938: #
3939: # Our summary
1.2 kre 3940: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
1.1 apb 3941:
3942: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
3943: # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
3944: # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
3945: # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
3946: # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
3947:
3948: # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
3949: # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
3950: # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
3951: # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
3952:
3953: # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
3954: # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
3955: # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
3956: # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
3957: # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
3958:
3959: # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
3960: # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
3961: # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
3962: #
3963: # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
3964: # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
3965: #
3966: # Our brief summary:
1.2 kre 3967: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
1.1 apb 3968:
1.6 kre 3969: # From Steffen Thorsen (2022-10-05):
3970: # Syria is adopting year-round DST, starting this autumn....
3971: # From https://www.enabbaladi.net/archives/607812
3972: # "This [the decision] came after the weekly government meeting today,
3973: # Tuesday 4 October ..."
3974: #
3975: # From Paul Eggert (2022-10-05):
3976: # Like Jordan, model this as a transition from EEST +03 (DST) to plain +03
3977: # (non-DST) at the point where DST would otherwise have ended.
1.1 apb 3978:
3979: Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3980: Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
3981: Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3982: Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1.6 kre 3983: Rule Syria 2012 2022 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3984: Rule Syria 2009 2022 - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
1.1 apb 3985:
1.2 kre 3986: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3987: Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
1.6 kre 3988: 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2022 Oct 28 0:00
3989: 3:00 - +03
1.1 apb 3990:
3991: # Tajikistan
3992: # From Shanks & Pottenger.
1.2 kre 3993: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3994: Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.2 kre 3995: 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
3996: 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1.5 kre 3997: 5:00 1:00 +06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
1.2 kre 3998: 5:00 - +05
1.1 apb 3999:
4000: # Thailand
1.2 kre 4001: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 4002: Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
4003: 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
1.2 kre 4004: 7:00 - +07
1.1 apb 4005:
4006: # Turkmenistan
4007: # From Shanks & Pottenger.
1.2 kre 4008: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 4009: Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
1.2 kre 4010: 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
4011: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
4012: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
4013: 5:00 - +05
1.1 apb 4014:
4015: # United Arab Emirates
1.6 kre 4016: #
4017: # The Crozet Is also observe Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
1.2 kre 4018: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 4019: Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
1.2 kre 4020: 4:00 - +04
1.1 apb 4021:
4022: # Uzbekistan
1.2 kre 4023: # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
4024: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
4025: Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
4026: 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
4027: 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
4028: 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
4029: 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
4030: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
4031: 5:00 - +05
1.5 kre 4032: # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8.
4033: #STDOFF 4:37:10.8
1.1 apb 4034: Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.2 kre 4035: 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
4036: 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
4037: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
4038: 5:00 - +05
1.1 apb 4039:
1.6 kre 4040: # Vietnam (southern)
1.1 apb 4041:
1.2 kre 4042: # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
1.1 apb 4043: # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
4044: # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
4045: # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
1.2 kre 4046: # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
1.1 apb 4047:
4048: # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
4049: # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
4050: # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
4051:
1.5 kre 4052: # From Paul Eggert (2022-07-27) after a 2014 heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
1.2 kre 4053: # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
4054: # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
4055: # is quoted verbatim in:
4056: # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
4057: # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
4058: # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
4059: # and is the basis for the information below.
4060: #
4061: # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
4062: # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris.
4063: # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
1.5 kre 4064: # the Paris Meridian; for now guess the former and round the exact
4065: # 07:06:30.1333... to 07:06:30.13 as the legal spec used 66 2/3 ms precision.
1.2 kre 4066: # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
4067: # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
4068: #
4069: # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
4070: # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
4071: # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
4072: # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
4073: # To 09:00 on 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
4074: # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
4075: # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
4076: # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
4077: # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
4078: # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
4079: #
4080: # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
4081: #
4082: # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
4083: # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
4084: #
4085: # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
4086: # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
4087: #
4088: # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
4089: # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
4090:
4091: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.5 kre 4092: #STDOFF 7:06:30.13
4093: Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:30 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
1.2 kre 4094: 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT
4095: 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
4096: 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
4097: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
4098: 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
4099: 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1
4100: 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00
4101: 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13
4102: 7:00 - +07
4103:
4104: # From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19):
4105: #
4106: # The Ho Chi Minh entry suffices for most purposes as it agrees with all of
4107: # Vietnam since 1975-06-13. Presumably clocks often changed in south Vietnam
4108: # in the early 1970s as locations changed hands during the war; however the
4109: # details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database.
4110: #
4111: # For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff),
4112: # use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab.
4113: # For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'.
4114:
1.1 apb 4115: # Yemen
1.4 kre 4116: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
4117: Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950
4118: 3:00 - +03
4119:
CVSweb <webmaster@jp.NetBSD.org>
![[BACK]](/icons/back.gif){kind=icon}
Return to asia CVS log ![[TXT]](/icons/text.gif){kind=icon}
![[DIR]](/icons/dir.gif){kind=icon}
Up to [cvs.NetBSD.org] / src / external / public-domain / tz / dist