Annotation of src/external/public-domain/tz/dist/asia, Revision 1.1.1.16.4.9
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 1: # tzdb data for Asia and environs
2:
1.1 apb 3: # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4: # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5:
1.1.1.2 apb 6: # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
1.1 apb 7: # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
1.1.1.2 apb 8: # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
9: # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
1.1 apb 10:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 11: # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
1.1 apb 12: #
1.1.1.5 apb 13: # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
1.1 apb 14: # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
15: # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
1.1.1.5 apb 16: # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
1.1 apb 17: #
1.1.1.16 kre 18: # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
19: # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
1.1 apb 20: # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
21: # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
1.1.1.5 apb 22: # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
23: # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
1.1 apb 24: #
25: # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26: # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
27: # I found in the UCLA library.
28: #
29: # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
1.1.1.2 apb 30: # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 31: # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
1.1.1.2 apb 32: #
33: # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
34: # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
35: # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
1.1 apb 36: #
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 37: # The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables
38: # (corrections are welcome):
1.1 apb 39: # std dst
40: # LMT Local Mean Time
41: # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
42: # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
43: # 5:30 IST India
44: # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
45: # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
46: # 8:00 CST China
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 47: # 8:00 HKT HKST Hong Kong (HKWT* for Winter Time in late 1941)
48: # 8:00 PST PDT* Philippines
1.1.1.16 kre 49: # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
1.1 apb 50: # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
51: # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
1.1.1.8 apb 52: # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 53: # *I invented the abbreviations HKWT and PDT; see below.
1.1.1.16 kre 54: # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
1.1.1.16.4.2 martin 55: # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier
1.1.1.16 kre 56: # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
57: # offset, this did not reflect common practice.
1.1 apb 58: #
59: # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
60:
61: # From Guy Harris:
62: # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
63: # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
64: # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
1.1.1.16 kre 65: # Worldwide Edition).
1.1 apb 66:
67: ###############################################################################
68:
69: # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 70: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 71: Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
72: Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
73: Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 74: Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 75: Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
76: Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 77: Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 78: Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1.1.1.10 agc 79: Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 80: Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 81: Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1.1 apb 82:
83: # Afghanistan
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 84: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 85: Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
1.1.1.16 kre 86: 4:00 - +04 1945
87: 4:30 - +0430
1.1 apb 88:
89: # Armenia
90: # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
91: # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
92: # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
93: # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
94: # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
95: # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
96: # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
97: # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
98: # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
99:
100: # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
101: # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
102: # follow Russia's "old" rules.
103:
104: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
105: # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
106: # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
107: #
108: # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
109: # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
110: # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
111: # or
112: # (brief)
113: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 114: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 115: Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 116: Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 117: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 118: Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.1.1.12 kre 119: 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
120: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
121: 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
122: 4:00 - +04 1997
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 123: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011
124: 4:00 Armenia +04/+05
1.1 apb 125:
126: # Azerbaijan
1.1.1.10 agc 127:
1.1 apb 128: # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
129: # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
1.1.1.9 christos 130: # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
131: # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
1.1.1.10 agc 132:
133: # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
134: # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
135: # daylight saving time....
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 136: # https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
1.1.1.10 agc 137: # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
138: # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
139:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 140: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 141: Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 -
1.1.1.10 agc 142: Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 143: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 144: Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.1.1.12 kre 145: 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
146: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
147: 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
148: 4:00 - +04 1996
149: 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997
150: 4:00 Azer +04/+05
1.1 apb 151:
152: # Bahrain
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 153: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! 154: Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1941 Jul 20 # Manamah
! 155: 3:30 - +0330 1944 Jan 1
! 156: 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
! 157: 3:00 - +03
1.1 apb 158:
159: # Bangladesh
160: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
161: # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
162: # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
163: #
164: # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
165: # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
166: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
167: #
168: # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
169: # June
170: # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
171: # crippling power crisis. "
172: #
173: # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
174: # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
175:
176: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
177: # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
178: # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
179: #
180: # Some sources:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 181: # https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
1.1 apb 182: # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
183: #
184: # Our wrap-up:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 185: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
1.1 apb 186:
187: # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
188: # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
189: # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
190: # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
191: #
192: # No DST end date has been announced yet.
193:
194: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
195: # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
196: # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
197: #
198: # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
199: # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
200: # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
201: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
202:
203: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
204: # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
205: # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
206: # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
207: # "continue for an indefinite period."
208: #
209: # One of many places where it is published:
210: # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
211:
212: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
213: # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
214: # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
215: #
216: # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
217: # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
218: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
219: #
220: # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
221: # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
222: # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
223: # Minister's Office last night..."
224:
225: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
226: # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
227: # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
228: # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
229: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
230:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 231: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 232: Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 -
1.1.1.2 apb 233: Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
1.1 apb 234:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 235: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 236: Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
237: 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
1.1.1.16 kre 238: 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
239: 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
240: 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30
241: 6:00 - +06 2009
242: 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07
1.1 apb 243:
244: # Bhutan
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 245: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 246: Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
1.1.1.16 kre 247: 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct
248: 6:00 - +06
1.1 apb 249:
250: # British Indian Ocean Territory
251: # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
252: # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
253: # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
254: # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
255: # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 256: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 257: Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
1.1.1.16 kre 258: 5:00 - +05 1996
259: 6:00 - +06
1.1 apb 260:
261: # Brunei
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 262: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.2 apb 263: Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
1.1.1.16 kre 264: 7:30 - +0730 1933
265: 8:00 - +08
1.1 apb 266:
267: # Burma / Myanmar
268:
269: # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
270:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 271: # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
272: # Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is
273: # used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead
274: # of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630,
275: # a transition for which Shanks is the only source.
276:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 277: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 278: Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
279: 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time
1.1.1.16 kre 280: 6:30 - +0630 1942 May
281: 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3
282: 6:30 - +0630
1.1 apb 283:
284: # Cambodia
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 285: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! 286: Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
! 287: 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
! 288: 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
! 289: 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
! 290: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
! 291: 7:00 - +07
1.1.1.4 apb 292:
1.1 apb 293:
294: # China
295:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 296: # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
297: # According to this news report:
298: # http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-09-01/19524201403.shtml
299: # on April 11, 1919, newspaper in Shanghai said clocks in Shanghai will spring
300: # forward for an hour starting from midnight of that Saturday. The report did
301: # not mention what happened in Shanghai thereafter, but it mentioned that a
302: # similar trial in Tianjin which ended at October 1st as citizens are told to
303: # recede the clock on September 30 from 12:00pm to 11:00pm. The trial at
304: # Tianjin got terminated in 1920.
305: #
306: # From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15):
307: # The Returns of Trade and Trade Reports, page 711, says "Daylight saving was
308: # given a trial during the year, and from the 12th April to the 1st October
309: # the clocks were all set one hour ahead of sun time. Though the scheme was
310: # generally esteemed a success, it was announced early in 1920 that it would
311: # not be repeated."
312: #
313: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
314: Rule Shang 1919 only - Apr 12 24:00 1:00 D
315: Rule Shang 1919 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S
316:
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 317: # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02):
318: # The following comes from Table 1 of:
319: # Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai.
320: # Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50.
321: # http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020
322: # The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times.
323: # Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding
324: # zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power.
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 325:
326: # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 327: #
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 328: # For the history of time in Shanghai between 1940-1942, the situation is
329: # actually slightly more complex than the table [below].... At the time,
330: # there were three different authorities in Shanghai, including Shanghai
331: # International Settlement, a settlement established by western countries with
332: # its own westernized form of government, Shanghai French Concession, similar
333: # to the international settlement but is controlled by French, and then the
334: # rest of the city of Shanghai, which have already been controlled by Japanese
335: # force through a puppet local government (Wang Jingwei regime). It was
336: # additionally complicated by the circumstances that, according to the 1940s
337: # Shanghai summer time essay cited in the database, some
338: # departments/businesses/people in the Shanghai city itself during that time
339: # period, refused to change their clock and instead only changed their opening
340: # hours.
341: #
342: # For example, as quoted in the article, in 1940, other than the authority
343: # itself, power, tram, bus companies, cinema, department stores, and other
344: # public service organizations have all decided to follow the summer time and
345: # spring forward the clock. On the other hand, the custom office refused to
346: # spring forward the clock because of worry on mechanical wear to the physical
347: # clock, postal office refused to spring forward because of disruption to
348: # business and log-keeping, although they did changed their office hour to
349: # match rest of the city. So is travel agents, and also weather
350: # observatory. It is said both time standards had their own supporters in the
351: # city at the time, those who prefer new time standard would have moved their
352: # clock while those who prefer the old time standard would keep their clock
353: # unchange, and there were different clocks that use different time standard
354: # in the city at the time for people who use different time standard to adjust
355: # their clock to their preferred time.
356: #
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 357: # a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay [says] ... "Hong
! 358: # Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time on
! 359: # the same date as Shanghai".
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 360: #
361: # b. For the 1940 fall back, it was said that they initially intended to do
362: # so on September 30 00:59 at night, however they postponed it to October 12
363: # after discussion with relevant parties. However schools restored to the
364: # original schedule ten days earlier.
365: #
366: # c. For the 1941 spring forward, it is said to start from March 15
367: # "following the previous year's method", and in addition to that the essay
368: # cited an announcement in 1941 from the Wang regime which said the Special
369: # City of Shanghai under Wang regime control will follow the DST rule set by
370: # the Settlements, irrespective of the original DST plan announced by the Wang
371: # regime for other area under its control(April 1 to September 30). (no idea
372: # to situation before that announcement)
373: #
374: # d. For the 1941 fall back, it was said that the fall back would occurs at
375: # the end of September (A newspaper headline cited by the essay, published on
376: # October 1, 1941, have the headlines which said "French Concession would
377: # rewind to the old clock this morning), but it ultimately didn't happen due
378: # to disagreement between the international settlement authority and the
379: # French concession authority, and the fall back ultimately occurred on
380: # November 1.
381: #
382: # e. In 1941 December, Japan have officially started war with the United
383: # States and the United Kingdom, and in Shanghai they have marched into the
384: # international settlement, taken over its control
385: #
386: # f. For the 1942 spring forward, the essay said that the spring forward
387: # started on January 31. It said this time the custom office and postal
388: # department will also change their clocks, unlike before.
389: #
390: # g. The essay itself didn't cover any specific changes thereafter until the
391: # end of the war, it quoted a November 1942 command from the government of the
392: # Wang regime, which claim the daylight saving time applies year round during
393: # the war. However, the essay ambiguously said the period is "February 1 to
394: # September 30", which I don't really understand what is the meaning of such
395: # period in the context of year round implementation here.. More researches
396: # might be needed to show exactly what happened during that period of time.
397:
398: # From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
399: # According to a Japanese tour bus pamphlet in Nanjing area believed to be
400: # from around year 1941: http://www.tt-museum.jp/tairiku_0280_nan1941.html ,
401: # the schedule listed was in the format of Japanese time. Which indicate some
402: # use of the Japanese time (instead of syncing by DST) might have occurred in
403: # the Yangtze river delta area during that period of time although the scope
404: # of such use will need to be investigated to determine.
405: #
406: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 407: Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
408: Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S
409: Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
410: Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S
411: Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D
412: Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S
413: Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
414: Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S
415: Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
416: Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S
417: Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
418: Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan
419:
1.1 apb 420: # From Guy Harris:
421: # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
422:
423: # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
424: # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
425: # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
426: # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
427: # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
428: # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
429: #
430: # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
431: # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for
432: # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
433: #
434: # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
435: # 1987 mid-April - ??
436:
437: # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
438: # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
439: # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
440:
441: # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
442: # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
443: # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
444: # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
445:
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 446: # From P Chan (2018-05-07):
447: # The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00
448: # (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end)....
449: # Government notices about summer time:
450: #
451: # 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22
452: # (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour
453: # at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.)
454: #
455: # 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114
456: # (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September)
457: #
458: # 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709
459: # (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April
460: # until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September)
461: #
462: # 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152
463: # (To suspend summer time from 1992)
464: #
465: # The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time
466: # to begin on 17 April.
467: # http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg
468:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 469: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 470: Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D
471: Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S
472: Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D
1.1 apb 473:
474: # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
475: # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
476: # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
477: # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
478: #
479: # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
480: # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 481: # https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
1.1 apb 482: # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
483: # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
484: # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
485: # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
486: # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
487: # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
488: # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
489:
1.1.1.16 kre 490: # From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
1.1 apb 491: # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
492: #
493: # (1)
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 494: # Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
1.1 apb 495: # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
496: # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 497: # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9.
498: # http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003
1.1 apb 499: # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
500: # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the
501: # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
502: # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar
503: # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
504: # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
505: # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
506: # could well have ignored any such mandate.
507: #
508: # (2)
509: # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
510: # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
511: # [undated and unknown publication location]
512: # It says several things:
513: # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
514: # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
515: # the official calendar book of 1914.
516: # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
1.1.1.2 apb 517: # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
518: # Observatory and set to local mean time.
1.1 apb 519: # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
520: # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
521: # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
522: # became used by railways as well.
523: # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
524: # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on
525: # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
526: # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice
527: # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
528: # Japanese-occupied territory.
529: # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
530: # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
531: # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear
532: # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
533: # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
534: #
535: # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
536: # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
537: # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
538: # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the
1.1.1.12 kre 539: # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
1.1 apb 540: #
541: # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
1.1.1.2 apb 542: # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
1.1 apb 543: # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
544: # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
545: # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
546: # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
547: #
1.1.1.12 kre 548: # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
1.1.1.16 kre 549: # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
1.1 apb 550: # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
551: #
1.1.1.12 kre 552: # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
1.1.1.16 kre 553: # Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
1.1 apb 554: # most of China
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 555: # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time....
1.1.1.12 kre 556: # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
1.1 apb 557: #
1.1.1.16 kre 558: # Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
559: # Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
1.1 apb 560: # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
1.1.1.16 kre 561: # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong
1.1 apb 562: # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
563: # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
564: #
1.1.1.12 kre 565: # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
1.1.1.16 kre 566: # This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with
567: # current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that
568: # disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here.
1.1 apb 569: # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
570: # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
571: # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
572: # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
573: # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
574: # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
575: # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
576: # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
577: #
1.1.1.12 kre 578: # Kunlun Time UT +05:30
1.1.1.16 kre 579: # This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above).
1.1 apb 580: # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
581: # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
582: # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
583: # and Yarkand.
584:
585: # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
586: # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
587: # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
588: # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
589: # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
590: # they implicitly use Beijing time.
591: #
592: # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
593: # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
1.1.1.12 kre 594: # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
1.1 apb 595: # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
596: # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
597: # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
598: # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
599: # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
600: #
601: # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
602: # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
603: # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
604: #
605: # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
606: # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
607: # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
608: # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
609: # others moving their clocks ahead.)
610:
611: # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
612: # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
613: # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
614: #
615: # 1. Wulumuqi...
616: # 2. Kashi...
617: # 3. Urumqi...
618: # 4. Kashgar...
619: # ...
620: # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
621: # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
622: # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
623: #
624: # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
625: # start date for Xinjiang time.
626: #
627: # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
628: # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
629: # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
630: # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
631:
632: # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
633: # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 634: # https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
1.1 apb 635:
636: # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
637: # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
638: # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
639: # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
640: # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
641: # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
642: # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
643: # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
644: # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
645: # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
646: # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
647: # having the same time as Beijing.
648:
649: # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
1.1.1.12 kre 650: # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
651: # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
1.1 apb 652: # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
653: # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
654: # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
655: #
656: # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
657: # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
658: # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
659: # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
1.1.1.2 apb 660: # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
1.1 apb 661: # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
662: # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
663: # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
664: # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
1.1.1.12 kre 665: # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
1.1 apb 666: # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
1.1.1.12 kre 667: # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
668: # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
1.1 apb 669: # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
1.1.1.12 kre 670: # +08 mandate back then.
1.1 apb 671:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 672: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 673: # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 674: #STDOFF 8:05:43.2
1.1 apb 675: Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 676: 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28
1.1 apb 677: 8:00 PRC C%sT
678: # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
679: # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
680: Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
1.1.1.16 kre 681: 6:00 - +06
1.1 apb 682:
683:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 684: # Hong Kong
1.1 apb 685:
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 686: # Milne gives 7:36:41.7.
1.1 apb 687:
688: # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
689: # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
690: # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
691: # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
692: # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
693: # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 694: # think 3:30 is correct.
1.1 apb 695:
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 696: # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
697: # According to Singaporean newspaper
698: # http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37
699: # the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904.
700: #
701: # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17):
702: # Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui.
703: # "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm
704: # (except on Sundays and Government holidays)."
705: # Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983.
706: # <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf>
707: # "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order
708: # of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in
709: # advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time."
710: # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
711: # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
712: #
713: # From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18):
714: # An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old
715: # astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight.
716: #
717: # From Steve Allen (2018-11-17):
718: # Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904
719: # page 4 <https://books.google.com/books?id=kgw5AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA4>
720: # ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the
721: # ball was dropped. So that looks like a special case drop for the sake
722: # of broadcasting the new local time.
723: #
724: # From Phake Nick (2018-11-18):
725: # According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the
726: # governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to
727: # make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the
728: # dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one."
729: # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
730: # See <https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk> for this; unfortunately Flash is required.
731:
732: # From Phake Nick (2018-10-26):
733: # I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library....
734: # on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was
735: # stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong
736: # Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00
737: # probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given
738: # the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China
739: # Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to
740: # before. After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and
741: # the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that
742: # period of time. Some media resumed publication soon after that within the
743: # same month, but there were not much information about time there. Later they
744: # started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service,
745: # explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note
746: # saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it
747: # also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was
748: # captured by Japan.
749: #
750: # Image of related sections on newspaper:
751: # * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow".
752: # https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese)
753: # * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset
754: # time and other things for September 30 and October 1.
755: # https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg
756: # * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide.
757: # https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg
758: # * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow.
759: # https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png
760: # * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning.
761: # https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png
762:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 763: # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
764: # "Hong Kong winter time" is considered to be daylight saving.
765: # "Hong Kong had adopted daylight saving on June 15 as a wartime measure,
766: # clocks moving forward one hour until October 1, when they would be put back
767: # by just half an hour for 'Hong Kong Winter time', so that daylight saving
768: # operated year round." -- Low Z. The longest day: when wartime Hong Kong
769: # introduced daylight saving. South China Morning Post. 2019-06-28.
770: # https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3016281/longest-day-when-wartime-hong-kong-introduced
771:
772: # From P Chan (2018-12-31):
773: # * According to the Hong Kong Daylight-Saving Regulations, 1941, the
774: # 1941 spring-forward transition was at 03:00.
775: # http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/304271.pdf
776: # http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/305516.pdf
777: # * According to some articles from South China Morning Post, +08 was
778: # resumed on 1945-11-18 at 02:00.
779: # https://i.imgur.com/M2IsZ3c.png
780: # https://i.imgur.com/iOPqrVo.png
781: # https://i.imgur.com/fffcGDs.png
782: # * Some newspapers ... said the 1946 spring-forward transition was on
783: # 04-21 at 00:00. The Kung Sheung Evening News 1946-04-20 (Chinese)
784: # https://i.imgur.com/ZSzent0.png
785: # https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGhRBfe p.4
786: # The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese)
787: # https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png
788: # https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3Wh p.4
789: # * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback
790: # transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08)
791: # http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf
792: # * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979
793: # Summer Time Ordinance 1953
794: # https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg
795: # Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965
796: # https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg
797: # Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966)
798: # https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg
799: # Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 <https://i.imgur.com/OpRWrKz.jpg>
800: # Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977
801: # https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg
802: # Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979
803: # https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39
804:
805: # From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15):
1.1 apb 806: # Here are the dates given at
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 807: # https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/Summertime.htm
808: # as of 2020-02-10:
1.1 apb 809: # Year Period
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 810: # 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep
1.1 apb 811: # 1942 Whole year
812: # 1943 Whole year
813: # 1944 Whole year
814: # 1945 Whole year
815: # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 816: # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Nov
1.1 apb 817: # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
818: # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
819: # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
820: # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 821: # 1952 6 Apr to 2 Nov
1.1 apb 822: # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
823: # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
824: # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
825: # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
826: # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
827: # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
828: # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
829: # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
830: # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
831: # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
832: # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
833: # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
834: # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
835: # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
836: # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
837: # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
838: # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
839: # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
840: # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
841: # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
842: # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
843: # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
844: # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
845: # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
846: # 1977 Nil
847: # 1978 Nil
848: # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
849: # 1980 to Now Nil
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 850: # The page does not give times of day for transitions,
851: # or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions.
852: # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25.
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 853:
854: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
855: Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 21 0:00 1:00 S
856: Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30s 0 -
857: Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30s 1:00 S
858: Rule HK 1947 only - Nov 30 3:30s 0 -
859: Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30s 1:00 S
860: Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct Sun>=28 3:30s 0 -
1.1 apb 861: Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 862: Rule HK 1953 1964 - Oct Sun>=31 3:30 0 -
1.1 apb 863: Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
864: Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
865: Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
866: Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 867: Rule HK 1979 only - May 13 3:30 1:00 S
868: Rule HK 1979 only - Oct 21 3:30 0 -
869: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 870: #STDOFF 7:36:41.7
! 871: Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 29 17:00u
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 872: 8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:00
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 873: 8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 874: 8:00 0:30 HKWT 1941 Dec 25
875: 9:00 - JST 1945 Nov 18 2:00
1.1 apb 876: 8:00 HK HK%sT
877:
878: ###############################################################################
879:
880: # Taiwan
881:
882: # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
883: # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
884: # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
885: # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
886:
887: # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
888: # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
889: # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
890: # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
891: # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
892: # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
893: # found on Wikisource:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 894: # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1.1 apb 895: # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
896: # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
897: # declared officially.
898: #
899: # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
900: # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
901: # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
902: # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
903: # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
904: # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
1.1.1.16.4.2 martin 905: # (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
1.1 apb 906: # be found on Wikisource:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 907: # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1.1 apb 908: #
1.1.1.16.4.2 martin 909: # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
1.1 apb 910:
911: # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
1.1.1.16.4.2 martin 912: # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9
913: # back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document
1.1 apb 914: # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
1.1.1.16.4.2 martin 915: # zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another
1.1 apb 916: # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
917: # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two
918: # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And
919: # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
920: # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
921: # that:
922: #
923: # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
924: # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
925: #
926: # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
927: # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
928: # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
929: # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
930: #
931: # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
932: # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
933: # Time.
934: #
935: # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
936: # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
937: # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
938: # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
939: # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
940: # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
941:
942: # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
943: # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
944: # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General
945: # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
946: # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
947: # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
948: # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more
949: # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
950: # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
951: # would be a good one.
952: # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
953: # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
954:
955: # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
956: # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
957: # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
958: #
959: # Original Bulletin:
1.1.1.2 apb 960: # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
961: # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
1.1 apb 962: #
963: # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
964: # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
965: #
1.1.1.2 apb 966: # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
1.1 apb 967: #
968: # Here is a brief translation:
969: #
970: # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
971: # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
1.1.1.2 apb 972: # adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
1.1 apb 973: #
974: # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
975: # be found from historical government announcement database.
976:
977: # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
1.1.1.12 kre 978: # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
1.1 apb 979: # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
980: # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
981:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 982: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 983: Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
984: Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
985: Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
986: Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
987: Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
988: Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
989: Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
990: Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
991: Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
992: Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
993: Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
994: Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
995: Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
996: Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
997: Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
998:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 999: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 1000: # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
1001: Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
1.1.1.16 kre 1002: 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1
1.1.1.2 apb 1003: 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00
1.1 apb 1004: 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
1005:
1006: # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 1007: #
1008: # From P Chan (2018-05-10):
1009: # * LegisMac
1010: # http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt
1011: # A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in
1012: # Chinese and Portuguese. The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for
1013: # searching decrees about summer time.
1014: # * Archives of Macao
1015: # http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/
1016: # It contains images of old official gazettes.
1017: # * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the
1018: # summer time history. But it is not complete and has some mistakes.
1019: # http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm
1020: # Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong. Clocks were
1021: # advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds. Which means the LMT used was
1022: # +7:34:10. As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904
1023: # and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904.
1024: # http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG
1025: #
1026: # Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau.
1027: #
1028: # From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ...
1029: # [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation]
1030: # DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20
1031: # DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30
1032: # DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10
1033: # PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17
1034: # PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25
1035: # PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29
1036: # PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27
1037: # PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28
1038: # PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10
1039: # PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29
1040: # PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01
1041: # PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30
1042: # PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02
1043: # PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29
1044: # PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25
1045: # PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28
1046: # PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24
1047: # PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27
1048: # PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05
1049: # PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25
1050: # PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28
1051: # PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31
1052: # PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20
1053: # PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30
1054: # PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19
1055: # PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05
1056: # PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17
1057: # PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03
1058: # PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23
1059: # PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26
1060: # PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22
1061: # PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25
1062: # PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21
1063: # PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24
1064: # PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12
1065: # PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29
1066: # PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11
1067: # PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28
1068: # PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10
1069: # PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27
1070: # PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23
1071: # PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26
1072: # PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14
1073: # PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24
1074: # PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10
1075: # PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16
1076: # PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09
1077: # PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08
1078: # PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15
1079: # PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14
1080: # PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13
1081: # PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12
1082: # PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19
1083: # PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18
1084: # PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11
1085: # PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10
1086: # PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03
1087: # PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09
1088: # PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01
1089: # PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07
1090: # PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07
1091: # PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06
1092: # PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22
1093: # PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12
1094: # PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12
1095: # PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11
1096: # PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03
1097: # PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09
1098: # PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12
1099: # PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20
1100: # Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to
1101: # LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched
1102: # between GMT+9 and GMT+10. Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am.
1103:
1104: # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10):
1105: # The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of
1106: # Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT.
1107:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1108: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 1109: Rule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 -
1110: Rule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 -
1111: Rule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S
1112: Rule Macau 1946 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 D
1113: Rule Macau 1946 only - Sep 30 23:00s 0 S
1114: Rule Macau 1947 only - Apr 19 23:00s 1:00 D
1115: Rule Macau 1947 only - Nov 30 23:00s 0 S
1116: Rule Macau 1948 only - May 2 23:00s 1:00 D
1117: Rule Macau 1948 only - Oct 31 23:00s 0 S
1118: Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D
1119: Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S
1120: Rule Macau 1951 only - Mar 31 23:00s 1:00 D
1121: Rule Macau 1951 only - Oct 28 23:00s 0 S
1122: Rule Macau 1952 1953 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D
1123: Rule Macau 1952 only - Nov 1 23:00s 0 S
1124: Rule Macau 1953 1954 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S
1125: Rule Macau 1954 1956 - Mar Sat>=17 23:00s 1:00 D
1126: Rule Macau 1955 only - Nov 5 23:00s 0 S
1127: Rule Macau 1956 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 03:30 0 S
1128: Rule Macau 1957 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 03:30 1:00 D
1129: Rule Macau 1965 1973 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D
1130: Rule Macau 1965 1966 - Oct Sun>=16 02:30 0 S
1131: Rule Macau 1967 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S
1132: Rule Macau 1973 only - Dec 30 03:30 1:00 D
1133: Rule Macau 1975 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D
1134: Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D
1135: Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S
1136:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1137: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 1138: Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
1139: 8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00
1140: 9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00
1.1.1.16 kre 1141: 8:00 Macau C%sT
1.1 apb 1142:
1143:
1144: ###############################################################################
1145:
1146: # Cyprus
1.1.1.14 kre 1147:
1.1 apb 1148: # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT.
1.1.1.14 kre 1149: # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
1150:
1151: # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
1152: # Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
1153: # lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
1154: # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
1155: #
1156: # From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
1157: # Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
1158: # http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
1159:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 1160: # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1161: # Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus
1162: # staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A.
1163: # Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17.
1164: # https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/
1165:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1166: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 1167: Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
1168: Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
1169: Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
1170: Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
1171: Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1172: Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1173: Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
1174: Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1175: Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1176: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 1177: Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
1178: 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
1179: 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
1.1.1.14 kre 1180: Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
1181: 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
1182: 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 1183: 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u
1184: 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
1.1 apb 1185:
1186: # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
1187: # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
1188: Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
1189:
1190: # Georgia
1191: # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
1192: # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
1193: # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
1194: # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
1195: # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
1196: #
1197: # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
1198: # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
1199: # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
1200: # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
1201: #
1202: # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
1203: #
1204: # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
1205: # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
1206: # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
1207: # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
1208: # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
1209: # of integration into Europe.
1210:
1211: # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
1212: # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
1213: # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
1214: # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
1215: # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
1216: # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
1217: # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
1218: # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
1219: # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
1220:
1.1.1.2 apb 1221: # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
1222: # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
1223: # Go with Byalokoz.
1.1 apb 1224:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1225: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.2 apb 1226: Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
1227: 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
1.1.1.12 kre 1228: 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
1229: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1230: 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992
1231: 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun
1232: 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun
1233: 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun
1234: 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27
1235: 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
1236: 4:00 - +04
1.1 apb 1237:
1238: # East Timor
1239:
1240: # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
1241:
1242: # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
1243: # East Timor may be late for its millennium
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 1244: # <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
1.1 apb 1245: # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
1246: # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
1247: # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
1248: # conflicts with their way of life.
1249:
1250: # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
1251: # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
1252: # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
1253:
1254: # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
1255: # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
1256: # (2000-08-16):
1257: # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
1258: # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
1259: # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
1260: # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
1261:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1262: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.2 apb 1263: Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
1.1.1.16 kre 1264: 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00
1265: 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3
1266: 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00
1267: 9:00 - +09
1.1 apb 1268:
1269: # India
1.1.1.9 christos 1270:
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 1271: # British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset:
1272: # "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah.
1273: # The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours
1274: # east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories. No reason is
1275: # given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be
1276: # chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with
1277: # that of almost the whole of the civilised world."
1278: # Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
1279: # 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
1280:
1.1.1.9 christos 1281: # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 1282: # https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
1.1.1.9 christos 1283: # (2015-12-22):
1284: # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
1285: # outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of
1286: # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this
1287: # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century.
1288:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 1289: # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
1290: # Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India.
1291: # "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic
1292: # measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras
1293: # (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time,
1294: # and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time:
1295: # 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19.
1296: # "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present
1297: # standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of
1298: # Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of
1299: # his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat
1300: # of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change
1301: # the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted
1302: # Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the
1303: # rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its
1304: # place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement.
1305: # Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55.
1306: #
1307: # "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the
1308: # only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time,
1309: # first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR)....
1310: # Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their
1311: # local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and
1312: # Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145.
1313: #
1314: # Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8.
1315: # https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212
1316: # This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on
1317: # 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some
1318: # municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta
1319: # continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at
1320: # government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or
1321: # at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more
1322: # appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do
1323: # elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was
1324: # consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway
1325: # time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the
1326: # 1941-1945 data.
1327:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1328: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 1329: Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata
1330: 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time?
1331: 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time
1332: 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct
1333: 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15
1.1 apb 1334: 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1.1.1.16 kre 1335: 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
1.1 apb 1336: 5:30 - IST
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 1337: # Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata:
1.1 apb 1338: # Andaman Is
1339: # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
1340: # Nicobar Is
1341:
1342: # Indonesia
1343: #
1.1.1.3 apb 1344: # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
1345: # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 1346: # civil time was 7:07:12.5.
1.1.1.3 apb 1347: #
1.1 apb 1348: # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
1.1.1.2 apb 1349: # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
1.1 apb 1350: # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
1351: # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
1352: # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
1353: #
1354: # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
1355: # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
1356: # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
1357: # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
1358: # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
1359: # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
1360: # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
1361: # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
1362: # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
1.1.1.12 kre 1363: # from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
1.1 apb 1364: # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
1365: # switched on 1945-09-23.
1366: #
1367: # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
1368: # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
1369: # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
1370: # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language
1371: # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
1372: # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
1373: # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
1.1.1.12 kre 1374: # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
1.1 apb 1375: #
1.1.1.12 kre 1376: # WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
1377: # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
1378: # WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
1.1 apb 1379: #
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1380: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 1381: # Java, Sumatra
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 1382: #STDOFF 7:07:12.5
1.1 apb 1383: Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
1384: # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
1385: # but this must be a typo.
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 1386: 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 16:40u # Batavia
1.1.1.16 kre 1387: 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov
1388: 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23
1389: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
1390: 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
1391: 8:00 - +08 1950 May
1392: 7:30 - +0730 1964
1.1 apb 1393: 7:00 - WIB
1394: # west and central Borneo
1395: Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
1396: 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
1.1.1.16 kre 1397: 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29
1398: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
1399: 7:30 - +0730 1948 May
1400: 8:00 - +08 1950 May
1401: 7:30 - +0730 1964
1.1 apb 1402: 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1
1403: 7:00 - WIB
1404: # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
1405: Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
1406: 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
1.1.1.16 kre 1407: 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9
1408: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23
1.1 apb 1409: 8:00 - WITA
1410: # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
1411: Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
1.1.1.16 kre 1412: 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1
1413: 9:30 - +0930 1964
1.1 apb 1414: 9:00 - WIT
1415:
1416: # Iran
1417:
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 1418: # From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-05-30):
! 1419: # Here's an order from the Cabinet to the rest of the government to switch to
! 1420: # Tehran time, which is mentioned to be already at +03:30:
! 1421: # https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/180138
! 1422: # Just in case that goes away, I also saved a copy at archive.org:
! 1423: # https://web.archive.org/web/20220530111940/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/180138
! 1424: # Here's my translation:
! 1425: #
! 1426: # "Circular on Matching the Hours of Governmental and Official Circles
! 1427: # in Provinces
! 1428: # Approved 1314/03/22 [=1935-06-13]
! 1429: # According to the ruling of the Honorable Cabinet, it is ordered that from
! 1430: # now on in all internal provinces of the country, governmental and official
! 1431: # circles set their time to match Tehran time (three hours and half before
! 1432: # Greenwich)....
! 1433: #
! 1434: # I still haven't found out when Tehran itself switched to +03:30....
! 1435: #
! 1436: # From Paul Eggert (2022-06-05):
! 1437: # Although the above says Tehran was at +03:30 before 1935-06-13, we don't
! 1438: # know when it switched to +03:30. For now, use 1935-06-13 as the switch date.
! 1439: # Although most likely wrong, we have no better info.
! 1440:
! 1441: # From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-06-01):
! 1442: # This is from Kayhan newspaper, one of the major Iranian newspapers, from
! 1443: # March 20, 1978, page 2:
! 1444: #
! 1445: # "Pull the clocks 60 minutes forward
! 1446: # As we informed before, from the fourth day of the month Farvardin of the
! 1447: # new year [=1978-03-24], clocks will be pulled forward, and people's daily
! 1448: # work and life program will start one hour earlier than the current program.
! 1449: # On the 1st day of the month Farvardin of this year [=1977-03-21], they had
! 1450: # pulled the clocks forward by one hour, but in the month of Mehr
! 1451: # [=1977-09-23], the clocks were pulled back by 30 minutes.
! 1452: # In this way, from the 4th day of the month Farvardin, clocks will be ahead
! 1453: # of the previous years by one hour and a half.
! 1454: # According to the new program, during the night of 4th of Farvardin, when
! 1455: # the midnight, meaning 24 o'clock is announced, the hands of the clock must
! 1456: # be pulled forward by one hour and thus consider midnight 1 o'clock in the
! 1457: # forenoon."
! 1458: #
! 1459: # This implies that in September 1977, when the daylight savings time was
! 1460: # done with, Iran didn't go back to +03:30, but immediately to +04:00.
! 1461: #
! 1462: #
! 1463: # This is from the major Iranian newspaper Ettela'at, dated [1978-08-03]...,
! 1464: # page 32. It looks like they decided to get the clocks back to +4:00
! 1465: # just in time for Ramadan that year:
! 1466: #
! 1467: # "Tomorrow Night, Pull the Clocks Back by One Hour
! 1468: # At 1 o'clock in the forenoon of Saturday 14 Mordad [=1978-08-05], the
! 1469: # clocks will be pulled one hour back and instead of 1 o'clock in the
! 1470: # forenoon, Radio Iran will announce 24 o'clock.
! 1471: # This decision was made in the Cabinet of Ministers meeting of 25 Tir
! 1472: # [=1978-07-16], [...]
! 1473: # At the beginning of the year 2537 [=March 1978: Iran was using a different
! 1474: # year number for a few years then, based on the Coronation of Cyrus the
! 1475: # Great], the country's official time was pulled forward by one hour and now
! 1476: # the official time is one hour and a half ahead compared to last year,
! 1477: # because in Farvardin of last year [=March 1977], the official time was
! 1478: # pulled forward one hour and this continued until the second half of last
! 1479: # year [=September 1977] until in the second half of last year the official
! 1480: # time was pulled back half an hour and that half hour still remains."
! 1481: #
! 1482: # This matches the time of the true noon published in the newspapers, as they
! 1483: # clearly go from +05:00 to +04:00 after that date (which happened during a
! 1484: # long weekend in Iran).
! 1485:
! 1486: # From Roozbeh Pournader (2022-05-31):
! 1487: # [Movahedi S. Cultural preconceptions of time: Can we use operational time
! 1488: # to meddle in God's Time? Comp Stud Soc Hist. 1985;27(3):385-400]
! 1489: # https://www.jstor.org/stable/178704
! 1490: # Here's the quotes from the paper:
! 1491: # 1. '"Iran's official time keeper moved the clock one hour forward as from
! 1492: # March 22, 1977 (Farvardin 2, 2536) to make maximum use of daylight and save
! 1493: # in energy consumption. Thus Iran joined such other countries as Britain in
! 1494: # observing what is known as 'daylight saving.' The proposal was originally
! 1495: # put forward by the Ministry of Energy, in no way having any influence on
! 1496: # observing religious ceremonies. Moving time one hour forward in summer
! 1497: # means that at 11:00 o'clock on March 21, the official time was set as
! 1498: # midnight March 22. Then September 24 will actually begin one hour later
! 1499: # than the end of September 23 [...]." Iran's time base thus continued to be
! 1500: # Greenwich Mean Time plus three and one-half hours (plus four and one-half
! 1501: # hours in summer).'
! 1502: #
! 1503: # The article sources this from Iran Almanac and Book of Facts, 1977, Tehran:
! 1504: # Echo of Iran, which is on Google Books at
! 1505: # https://www.google.com/books/edition/Iran_Almanac_and_Book_of_Facts/9ybVAAAAMAAJ.
! 1506: # (I confirmed it by searching for snippets.)
! 1507: #
! 1508: # 2. "After the fall of the shah, the revolutionary government returned to
! 1509: # daylight-saving time (DST) on 26 May 1979."
! 1510: #
! 1511: # This seems to have been announced just one day in advance, on 25 May 1979.
! 1512: #
! 1513: # The change in 1977 clearly seems to be the first daylight savings effort in
! 1514: # Iran. But the article doesn't mention what happened in 1978 (which was
! 1515: # still during the shah's government), or how things continued in 1979
! 1516: # onwards (which was during the Islamic Republic).
! 1517:
! 1518: # From Francis Santoni (2022-06-01):
! 1519: # for Iran and 1977 the effective change is only 20 october
! 1520: # (UIT No. 143 17.XI.1977) and not 23 september (UIT No. 141 13.IX.1977).
! 1521: # UIT is the Operational Bulletin of International Telecommunication Union.
! 1522:
1.1 apb 1523: # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
1524: # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
1525: # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
1526: #
1527: # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
1528: # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
1529: #
1530: # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
1531: #
1532: # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
1533: # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
1534: # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
1535: # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
1536: # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
1537: # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
1538: #
1539: # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
1540: # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
1541: # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
1542: # Shahrivar.
1543: #
1544: # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
1545: #
1546: # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
1547: # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
1548: # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
1549: # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
1550: #
1551: # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
1552: # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
1553: # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
1554: # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
1555: # plan to change that law....
1556: #
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 1557: # From Paul Eggert (2022-06-30):
! 1558: # Go with Pournader for 1935 through spring 1979, and for timestamps
! 1559: # after August 1991; go with with Shanks & Pottenger for other timestamps.
! 1560: # Go with Santoni's citation of the UIT for fall 1977, as 20 October 1977
! 1561: # is 28 Mehr 1356, consistent with the "Mehr" in Pournader's source.
! 1562: # Assume that the UIT's "1930" is UTC, i.e., 24:00 local time.
1.1 apb 1563: #
1564: # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1565: # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1566: # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1567: # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1568: # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1569: # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
1570: # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1571: # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
1572: # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1573: # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1574: # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
1575: # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1576: # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1577: #
1578: # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1579: # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1580: # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1581: #
1582: # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1583: # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1584: # daylight saving time ...
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 1585: # https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1.1 apb 1586: #
1587: # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1588: # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1.1.1.8 apb 1589: # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1.1 apb 1590: # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1591: # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1592: # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1593: # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1594: # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1595: #
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 1596: # From Ali Mirjamali (2022-05-10):
! 1597: # Official IR News Agency announcement: irna.ir/xjJ3TT
! 1598: # ...
! 1599: # Highlights: DST will be cancelled for the next Iranian year 1402
! 1600: # (i.e 2023-March-21) and forthcoming years.
! 1601: #
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1602: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 1603: # Work around a bug in zic 2022a and earlier.
! 1604: Rule Iran 1910 only - Jan 1 00:00 0 -
! 1605: #
! 1606: Rule Iran 1977 only - Mar 21 23:00 1:00 -
! 1607: Rule Iran 1977 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 -
! 1608: Rule Iran 1978 only - Mar 24 24:00 1:00 -
! 1609: Rule Iran 1978 only - Aug 5 01:00 0 -
! 1610: Rule Iran 1979 only - May 26 24:00 1:00 -
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 1611: Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 1612: Rule Iran 1980 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 1613: Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 22 24:00 0 -
1614: Rule Iran 1991 only - May 2 24:00 1:00 -
1615: Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1616: Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1617: Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1618: Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1619: Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1620: Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1621: Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1622: Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1623: Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1624: Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1625: Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1626: Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1627: Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1628: Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1629: Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1630: Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1631: Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1632: Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1633: Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1634: Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1635: Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1636: Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1637: Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1638: Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1639: Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
1640: Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1641: Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
1642: Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 1643: Rule Iran 2021 2022 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
! 1644: Rule Iran 2021 2022 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
1.1.1.9 christos 1645:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1646: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 1647: Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 1648: 3:25:44 - TMT 1935 Jun 13 # Tehran Mean Time
! 1649: 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1977 Oct 20 24:00
1.1.1.16 kre 1650: 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979
1651: 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430
1.1 apb 1652:
1653:
1654: # Iraq
1655: #
1656: # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1657: # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1658: # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1659: # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1660: # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1661: #
1662: # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1663: # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1664: # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
1665: # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
1666: # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1667: #
1668: # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1669:
1670: # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1671: # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1672: # news sources (in Arabic):
1673: # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
1674: # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1675: #
1676: # We have published a short article in English about the change:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 1677: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1.1 apb 1678:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1679: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 1680: Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 -
1681: Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1682: Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 -
1683: Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
1684: Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1685: Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 -
1.1 apb 1686: # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1687: # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1688: #
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 1689: Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 -
1690: Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1691: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 1692: Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
1.1.1.2 apb 1693: 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
1.1.1.16 kre 1694: 3:00 - +03 1982 May
1695: 3:00 Iraq +03/+04
1.1 apb 1696:
1697:
1698: ###############################################################################
1699:
1700: # Israel
1701:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1702: # For more info about the motivation for DST in Israel, see:
1703: # Barak Y. Israel's Daylight Saving Time controversy. Israel Affairs.
1704: # 2020-08-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2020.1806564
1705:
1.1 apb 1706: # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1707: #
1708: # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1709: # different abbreviations in use:
1710: #
1711: # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1712: # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1713: # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1714: #
1715: # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1716: # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1717: # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1718: # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1719: # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1720: # settings in Israeli computers.
1721: #
1722: # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1723: # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1724: # family is from India).
1725:
1.1.1.16.4.8 martin 1726: # From P Chan (2020-10-27), with corrections:
1727: #
1728: # 1940-1946 Supplement No. 2 to the Palestine Gazette
1729: # # issue page Order No. dated start end note
1730: # 1 1010 729 67 of 1940 1940-05-22 1940-05-31* 1940-09-30* revoked by #2
1731: # 2 1013 758 73 of 1940 1940-05-31 1940-05-31 1940-09-30
1732: # 3 1055 1574 196 of 1940 1940-11-06 1940-11-16 1940-12-31
1733: # 4 1066 1811 208 of 1940 1940-12-17 1940-12-31 1941-12-31
1734: # 5 1156 1967 116 of 1941 1941-12-16 1941-12-31 1942-12-31* amended by #6
1735: # 6 1228 1608 86 of 1942 1942-10-14 1941-12-31 1942-10-31
1736: # 7 1256 279 21 of 1943 1943-03-18 1943-03-31 1943-10-31
1737: # 8 1323 249 19 of 1944 1944-03-13 1944-03-31 1944-10-31
1738: # 9 1402 328 20 of 1945 1945-04-05 1945-04-15 1945-10-31
1739: #10 1487 596 14 of 1946 1946-04-04 1946-04-15 1946-10-31
1740: #
1741: # 1948 Iton Rishmi (Official Gazette of the Provisional Government)
1742: # # issue page dated start end
1743: #11 2 7 1948-05-20 1948-05-22 1948-10-31*
1744: # ^This moved timezone to +04, replaced by #12 from 1948-08-31 24:00 GMT.
1745: #12 17 (Annex B) 84 1948-08-22 1948-08-31 1948-10-31
1746: #
1747: # 1949-2000 Kovetz HaTakanot (Collection of Regulations)
1748: # # issue page dated start end note
1749: #13 6 133 1949-03-23 1949-04-30 1949-10-31
1750: #14 80 755 1950-03-17 1950-04-15 1950-09-14
1751: #15 164 782 1951-03-22 1951-03-31 1951-09-29* amended by #16
1752: #16 206 1940 1951-09-23 ---------- 1951-10-22* amended by #17
1753: #17 212 78 1951-10-19 ---------- 1951-11-10
1754: #18 254 652 1952-03-03 1952-04-19 1952-09-27* amended by #19
1755: #19 300 11 1952-09-15 ---------- 1952-10-18
1756: #20 348 817 1953-03-03 1953-04-11 1953-09-12
1757: #21 420 385 1954-02-17 1954-06-12 1954-09-11
1758: #22 497 548 1955-01-14 1955-06-11 1955-09-10
1759: #23 591 608 1956-03-12 1956-06-02 1956-09-29
1760: #24 680 957 1957-02-08 1957-04-27 1957-09-21
1761: #25 3192 1418 1974-06-28 1974-07-06 1974-10-12
1762: #26 3322 1389 1975-04-03 1975-04-19 1975-08-30
1763: #27 4146 2089 1980-07-15 1980-08-02 1980-09-13
1764: #28 4604 1081 1984-02-22 1984-05-05* 1984-08-25* revoked by #29
1765: #29 4619 1312 1984-04-06 1984-05-05 1984-08-25
1766: #30 4744 475 1984-12-23 1985-04-13 1985-09-14* amended by #31
1767: #31 4851 1848 1985-08-18 ---------- 1985-08-31
1768: #32 4932 899 1986-04-22 1986-05-17 1986-09-06
1769: #33 5013 580 1987-02-15 1987-04-18* 1987-08-22* revoked by #34
1770: #34 5021 744 1987-03-30 1987-04-14 1987-09-12
1771: #35 5096 659 1988-02-14 1988-04-09 1988-09-03
1772: #36 5167 514 1989-02-03 1989-04-29 1989-09-02
1773: #37 5248 375 1990-01-23 1990-03-24 1990-08-25
1774: #38 5335 612 1991-02-10 1991-03-09* 1991-08-31 amended by #39
1775: # 1992-03-28 1992-09-05
1776: #39 5339 709 1991-03-04 1991-03-23 ----------
1777: #40 5506 503 1993-02-18 1993-04-02 1993-09-05
1778: # 1994-04-01 1994-08-28
1779: # 1995-03-31 1995-09-03
1780: #41 5731 438 1996-01-01 1996-03-14 1996-09-15
1781: # 1997-03-13* 1997-09-18* overridden by 1997 Temp Prov
1782: # 1998-03-19* 1998-09-17* revoked by #42
1783: #42 5853 1243 1997-09-18 1998-03-19 1998-09-05
1784: #43 5937 77 1998-10-18 1999-04-02 1999-09-03
1785: # 2000-04-14* 2000-09-15* revoked by #44
1786: # 2001-04-13* 2001-09-14* revoked by #44
1787: #44 6024 39 2000-03-14 2000-04-14 2000-10-22* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov
1788: # 2001-04-06* 2001-10-10* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov
1789: # 2002-03-29* 2002-10-29* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov
1790: #
1791: # These are laws enacted by the Knesset since the Minister could only alter the
1792: # transition dates at least six months in advanced under the 1992 Law.
1793: # dated start end
1794: # 1997 Temporary Provisions 1997-03-06 1997-03-20 1997-09-13
1795: # 2000 Temporary Provisions 2000-07-28 ---------- 2000-10-06
1796: # 2001-04-09 2001-09-24
1797: # 2002-03-29 2002-10-07
1798: # 2003-03-28 2003-10-03
1799: # 2004-04-07 2004-09-22
1800: # Note:
1801: # Transition times in 1940-1957 (#1-#24) were midnight GMT,
1802: # in 1974-1998 (#25-#42 and the 1997 Temporary Provisions) were midnight,
1803: # in 1999-April 2000 (#43,#44) were 02:00,
1804: # in the 2000 Temporary Provisions were 01:00.
1805: #
1806: # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1807: # Links:
1808: # 1 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537490&increment=687
1809: # 2 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537490&increment=716
1810: # 3 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537491&increment=721
1811: # 4 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537491&increment=958
1812: # 5 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537502&increment=558
1813: # 6 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537511&increment=105
1814: # 7 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537516&increment=278
1815: # 8 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537522&increment=248
1816: # 9 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537530&increment=329
1817: #10 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537537&increment=601
1818: #11 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law12/er-002.pdf#page=3
1819: #12 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law12/er-017-t2.pdf#page=4
1820: #13 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0006.pdf#page=3
1821: #14 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0080.pdf#page=7
1822: #15 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0164.pdf#page=10
1823: #16 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0206.pdf#page=4
1824: #17 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0212.pdf#page=2
1825: #18 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0254.pdf#page=4
1826: #19 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0300.pdf#page=5
1827: #20 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0348.pdf#page=3
1828: #21 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0420.pdf#page=5
1829: #22 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0497.pdf#page=10
1830: #23 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0591.pdf#page=6
1831: #24 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0680.pdf#page=3
1832: #25 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-3192.pdf#page=2
1833: #26 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-3322.pdf#page=5
1834: #27 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4146.pdf#page=2
1835: #28 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4604.pdf#page=7
1836: #29 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4619.pdf#page=2
1837: #30 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4744.pdf#page=11
1838: #31 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4851.pdf#page=2
1839: #32 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4932.pdf#page=19
1840: #33 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5013.pdf#page=8
1841: #34 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5021.pdf#page=8
1842: #35 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5096.pdf#page=3
1843: #36 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5167.pdf#page=2
1844: #37 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5248.pdf#page=7
1845: #38 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5335.pdf#page=6
1846: #39 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5339.pdf#page=7
1847: #40 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5506.pdf#page=19
1848: #41 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5731.pdf#page=2
1849: #42 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5853.pdf#page=3
1850: #43 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5937.pdf#page=9
1851: #44 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-6024.pdf#page=4
1852: #
1853: # Time Determination (Temporary Provisions) Law, 1997
1854: # https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law19/p201_003.htm
1855: #
1856: # Time Determination (Temporary Provisions) Law, 2000
1857: # https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law19/p201_004.htm
1858: #
1859: # Time Determination Law, 1992 and amendments
1860: # https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/p201_002.htm
1861: # https://main.knesset.gov.il/Activity/Legislation/Laws/Pages/LawPrimary.aspx?lawitemid=2001174
1862:
1863: # From Paul Eggert (2020-10-27):
1864: # Several of the midnight transitions mentioned above are ambiguous;
1865: # are they 00:00, 00:00s, 24:00, or 24:00s? When resolving these ambiguities,
1866: # try to minimize changes from previous tzdb versions, for lack of better info.
1867: # Commentary from previous versions is included below, to help explain this.
1868:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1869: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.8 martin 1870: Rule Zion 1940 only - May 31 24:00u 1:00 D
1871: Rule Zion 1940 only - Sep 30 24:00u 0 S
1872: Rule Zion 1940 only - Nov 16 24:00u 1:00 D
1873: Rule Zion 1942 1946 - Oct 31 24:00u 0 S
1874: Rule Zion 1943 1944 - Mar 31 24:00u 1:00 D
1875: Rule Zion 1945 1946 - Apr 15 24:00u 1:00 D
1876: Rule Zion 1948 only - May 22 24:00u 2:00 DD
1877: Rule Zion 1948 only - Aug 31 24:00u 1:00 D
1878: Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Oct 31 24:00u 0 S
1879: Rule Zion 1949 only - Apr 30 24:00u 1:00 D
1880: Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 15 24:00u 1:00 D
1881: Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 14 24:00u 0 S
1882: Rule Zion 1951 only - Mar 31 24:00u 1:00 D
1883: Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 10 24:00u 0 S
1884: Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 19 24:00u 1:00 D
1885: Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 18 24:00u 0 S
1886: Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 11 24:00u 1:00 D
1887: Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 12 24:00u 0 S
1888: Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 12 24:00u 1:00 D
1889: Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 11 24:00u 0 S
1890: Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 24:00u 1:00 D
1891: Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 10 24:00u 0 S
1892: Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 2 24:00u 1:00 D
1893: Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00u 0 S
1894: Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 27 24:00u 1:00 D
1895: Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 21 24:00u 0 S
1896: Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 6 24:00 1:00 D
1897: Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S
1898: Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 19 24:00 1:00 D
1899: Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 30 24:00 0 S
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1900:
1901: # From Alois Treindl (2019-03-06):
1902: # http://www.moin.gov.il/Documents/שעון%20קיץ/clock-50-years-7-2014.pdf
1903: # From Isaac Starkman (2019-03-06):
1904: # Summer time was in that period in 1980 and 1984, see
1905: # https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3951073,00.html
1906: # You can of course read it in translation.
1907: # I checked the local newspapers for that years.
1908: # It started on midnight and end at 01.00 am.
1909: # From Paul Eggert (2019-03-06):
1910: # Also see this thread about the moin.gov.il URL:
1911: # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-November/027194.html
1.1.1.16.4.8 martin 1912: Rule Zion 1980 only - Aug 2 24:00s 1:00 D
1913: Rule Zion 1980 only - Sep 13 24:00s 0 S
1914: Rule Zion 1984 only - May 5 24:00s 1:00 D
1915: Rule Zion 1984 only - Aug 25 24:00s 0 S
1916:
1917: Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 13 24:00 1:00 D
1918: Rule Zion 1985 only - Aug 31 24:00 0 S
1919: Rule Zion 1986 only - May 17 24:00 1:00 D
1920: Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 6 24:00 0 S
1921: Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 14 24:00 1:00 D
1922: Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S
1.1 apb 1923:
1924: # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
1925: # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
1926: # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
1927: # ends and changes to Sunday.
1.1.1.16.4.8 martin 1928: Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 24:00 1:00 D
1929: Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 24:00 0 S
1.1 apb 1930:
1931: # From Ephraim Silverberg
1932: # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1933: # and 2005-02-17):
1934:
1935: # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1936: # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1937: # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1938: # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1939: # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1940: # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1941: # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1942: # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1943: # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1944: # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1945: # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1946: # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1947: # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1948: # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1949: # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1950: # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1951: # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1952: # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1953: # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1954: # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1955: # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1956: # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1957:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1958: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.8 martin 1959: Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 29 24:00 1:00 D
1960: Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 2 24:00 0 S
1961: Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 24 24:00 1:00 D
1962: Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 25 24:00 0 S
1963: Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 23 24:00 1:00 D
1964: Rule Zion 1991 only - Aug 31 24:00 0 S
1965: Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 28 24:00 1:00 D
1966: Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 5 24:00 0 S
1.1 apb 1967: Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1968: Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1969:
1970: # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1971: # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1972: # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1973:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1974: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 1975: Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1976: Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1977: Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1978: Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1979:
1980: # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1981: # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1982: # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1983: #
1984: # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1985: #
1986: # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1987: #
1988: # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1989: #
1990: # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1991: #
1992: # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1993:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 1994: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.8 martin 1995: Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 14 24:00 1:00 D
1996: Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 15 24:00 0 S
1997: Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 D
1998: Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 13 24:00 0 S
1.1 apb 1999: Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
2000: Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
2001: Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
2002: Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
2003:
2004: # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
2005: # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
2006: # years 2001-2004 as well.
2007: #
2008: # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
2009: #
2010: # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
2011: #
2012: # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
2013: # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
2014: #
2015: # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
2016:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2017: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 2018: Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
2019: Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
2020: Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
2021: Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
2022: Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
2023: Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
2024: Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
2025: Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
2026: Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
2027: Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
2028:
2029: # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
2030: # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
2031: # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
2032: # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
2033: # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
2034: #
2035: # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
2036: #
2037: # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
2038:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2039: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2040: Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Apr Fri<=1 2:00 1:00 D
1.1 apb 2041: Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
2042: Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
2043: Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
2044: Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
2045: Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
2046: Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
2047: Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
2048: Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
2049:
1.1.1.16.4.8 martin 2050: # From Ephraim Silverberg (2020-10-26):
2051: # The current time law (2013) from the State of Israel can be viewed
2052: # (in Hebrew) at:
2053: # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/israel/announcements/2013+law.pdf
2054: # It translates to:
2055: # Every year, in the period from the Friday before the last Sunday in
2056: # the month of March at 02:00 a.m. until the last Sunday of the month
2057: # of October at 02:00 a.m., Israel Time will be advanced an additional
2058: # hour such that it will be UTC+3.
1.1 apb 2059:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2060: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 2061: Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
2062: Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
2063:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2064: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2065: Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
1.1.1.2 apb 2066: 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1.1 apb 2067: 2:00 Zion I%sT
2068:
2069:
2070:
2071: ###############################################################################
2072:
2073: # Japan
2074:
2075: # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
2076:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2077: # From Paul Eggert (2020-01-19):
2078: # Starting in the 7th century, Japan generally followed an ancient Chinese
2079: # timekeeping system that divided night and day into six hours each,
2080: # with hour length depending on season. In 1873 the government
2081: # started requiring the use of a Western style 24-hour clock. See:
2082: # Yulia Frumer, "Making Time: Astronomical Time Measurement in Tokugawa Japan"
2083: # <https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1043907065>. As the tzdb code and
2084: # data support only 24-hour clocks, its tables model timestamps before
2085: # 1873 using Western-style local mean time.
2086:
2087: # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
2088: # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
2089: # Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N.
2090: # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
2091: # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
2092: # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
2093: # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
2094:
2095: # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
2096: # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
2097: # which stands for the time on 135° E.
2098: # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
2099: # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
2100: # time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard
2101: # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
2102: # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
2103: # standard....
2104: #
2105: # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
2106: # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
2107:
2108: # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
2109: # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
2110: # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
2111: # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
2112: #
2113: # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
2114: # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
2115: # Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
2116: # https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
2117:
1.1 apb 2118: # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
2119: # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
2120: # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
2121: # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
2122:
1.1.1.2 apb 2123: # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
2124: # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
1.1 apb 2125: # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
2126: # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
2127: # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
2128: # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
2129: # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
2130: # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
2131: # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
2132: # wanted to keep it.)
2133:
1.1.1.16.4.2 martin 2134: # From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19):
2135: # The source of information is Japanese law.
2136: # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm
2137: # http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm
2138: # ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday
2139: # in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September.
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 2140:
2141: # From Phake Nick (2018-09-27):
2142: # [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
2143: # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html
2144: # ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September
2145: # 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time.
2146: # It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed
2147: # during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation
2148: # of the summer time is described in the document.
2149: # https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf
2150: # The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at
2151: # September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can
2152: # change the clock before they sleep.
2153: #
2154: # From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27):
2155: # This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats
2156: # it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can
2157: # do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later,
2158: # which should be safe now.
2159:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2160: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.2 martin 2161: Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 2162: Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S
1.1.1.16.4.2 martin 2163: Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
2164: Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
1.1 apb 2165:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2166: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2167: Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
2168: 9:00 Japan J%sT
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 2169: # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo,
2170: # except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not
2171: # switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file.
1.1 apb 2172:
2173: # Jordan
2174: #
2175: # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
2176: # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
2177: # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
2178: # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
2179: # all year round.
2180: #
2181: # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
2182: # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
2183: # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
2184: # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
2185: # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
2186: # government's departments from six to seven hours.
2187: #
2188: # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2189: # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2190: #
2191: # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2192: # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
2193: # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
2194: #
2195: # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
2196: # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
2197: # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
2198: #
2199:
2200: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
2201: # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
2202: # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
2203: #
2204: # Google's translation:
2205: #
2206: # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
2207: # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
2208: # > of the month of March of each year.
2209: #
2210: # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
2211:
2212: # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
2213: # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
2214:
2215: # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
2216: # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
2217: # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
2218: # until about the same time next year (at least).
2219: # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
2220:
2221: # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
2222: # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
2223: # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
2224: # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
2225: # Official, in Arabic:
2226: # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
2227: # ... Our background/permalink about it
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 2228: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
1.1 apb 2229: # ...
2230: # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
2231: # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
2232: # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
2233:
2234: # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
2235: # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
2236:
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 2237: # From Steffen Thorsen (2021-09-24):
! 2238: # The Jordanian Government announced yesterday that they will start DST
! 2239: # in February instead of March:
! 2240: # https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=37683&lang=en&name=en_news (English)
! 2241: # https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=189969&lang=ar&name=news (Arabic)
! 2242: # From the Arabic version, it seems to say it would be at midnight
! 2243: # (assume 24:00) on the last Thursday in February, starting from 2022.
! 2244:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2245: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 2246: Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
2247: Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2248: Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2249: Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2250: Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2251: Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
2252: Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2253: Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2254: Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2255: Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2256: Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2257: Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
2258: Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
2259: Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
2260: Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
2261: Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
2262: Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2263: Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2264: Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2265: Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
2266: Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
2267: Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
2268: Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
2269: Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
2270: Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
2271: Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
2272: Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
2273: Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
2274: Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 2275: Rule Jordan 2014 2021 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1.1 apb 2276: Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 2277: Rule Jordan 2022 max - Feb lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2278: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2279: Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
2280: 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
2281:
2282:
2283: # Kazakhstan
2284:
1.1.1.8 apb 2285: # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
1.1 apb 2286: # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
2287: # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
2288: # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
2289: # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
2290: #
2291: # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
2292: # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
2293: # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
2294: # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
2295: # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1.1.1.15 kre 2296: # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū,
2297: # Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1.1 apb 2298: # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
2299: # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
2300:
1.1.1.15 kre 2301: # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
1.1.1.10 agc 2302: # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
2303: # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
2304: #
2305: # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
2306: # from 1991-02-04 No. 20
2307: # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
2308: # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
2309: # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
2310: # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
2311: # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
2312: #
2313: # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
2314: # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
2315: # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
2316: # text.
2317: #
2318: # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2319: # -- page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
2320: # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564 -- on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
1.1.1.10 agc 2321: # transition to "summer" time:
2322: # Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
2323: # Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
2324: # were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
2325: # Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
2326: # SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
2327: # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
2328: # Other territories were to not move clocks.
2329: # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
2330: # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
2331: # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
2332: #
2333: # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
2334: # was one of such changes.
2335: #
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2336: # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное_время
1.1.1.10 agc 2337: # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
2338: # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
2339: # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
2340: # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
2341: # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
2342: # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
2343: # move clocks.)
2344: #
2345: # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
2346: # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
1.1.1.15 kre 2347: # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth
1.1.1.10 agc 2348: # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
2349: #
2350: # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2351: # from 1992-01-13 No. 28
2352: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
2353: # (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
2354: # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
2355: # 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated
2356: # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
2357: # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
2358: # 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
2359: # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
1.1.1.15 kre 2360: # border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk
2361: # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth
1.1.1.10 agc 2362: # time belt).
2363: #
2364: # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
1.1.1.15 kre 2365: # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from
2366: # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk)....
1.1.1.10 agc 2367: #
2368: # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2369: # from 1992-03-27 No. 284
2370: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
1.1.1.15 kre 2371: # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts
1.1.1.10 agc 2372: # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
2373: # and the fifth time belts respectively.
2374: #
2375: # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2376: # from 1994-09-23 No. 384
2377: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
1.1.1.15 kre 2378: # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū
1.1.1.10 agc 2379: # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
2380: # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
2381: # result)....
2382: #
2383: # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2384: # from 1996-05-08 No. 575
2385: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
2386: # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
2387: # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
2388: #
2389: # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2390: # from 1999-03-26 No. 305
2391: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
1.1.1.15 kre 2392: # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the
1.1.1.10 agc 2393: # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
2394: # time belt.
2395: #
1.1.1.15 kre 2396: # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05....
1.1.1.10 agc 2397: #
2398: # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2399: # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
2400: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
2401: # replaces the previous five documents.
2402: #
2403: # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
2404: # fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling
2405: # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
1.1.1.15 kre 2406: # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast
2407: # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast
1.1.1.10 agc 2408: # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
1.1.1.15 kre 2409: # fourth time belt (no change in practice).
1.1.1.10 agc 2410: #
2411: # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2412: # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
2413: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
2414: # modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently.
2415: #
2416: # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2417: # from 2004-07-20 No. 775
2418: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
1.1.1.15 kre 2419: # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into
1.1.1.10 agc 2420: # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
2421: # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
2422: # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented
2423: # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
2424: # amended before implementation happened.
2425: #
2426: # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2427: # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
2428: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
2429: # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
2430: # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
1.1.1.15 kre 2431: # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan,
2432: # Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks
2433: # during the 2004 transition to "winter" time.
1.1.1.10 agc 2434: #
1.1.1.15 kre 2435: # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no
1.1.1.10 agc 2436: # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
1.1.1.15 kre 2437: # +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
2438: # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....
1.1.1.10 agc 2439: #
2440: # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
2441: # from 2005-03-15 No. 231
2442: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
2443: # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
2444: # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
2445: # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
2446: # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
2447: # time.
2448: #
2449: # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
2450: # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
2451: # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
2452: # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
2453:
1.1.1.16 kre 2454: # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08):
2455: # Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay
2456: # oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone.
2457: # (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
2458: # according to wikipedia.)
2459: #
2460: # [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
2461: # suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
2462: # 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand
2463: # how that could happen....
2464: #
2465: # [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
2466: # (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
2467: # and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
2468: # the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
2469:
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 2470: # From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20):
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 2471: # (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from UTC+6 to UTC+5
! 2472: # effective December 21st, 2018....
! 2473: # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language).
1.1.1.10 agc 2474:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2475: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2476: #
2477: # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1.1.1.10 agc 2478: # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
2479: # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
1.1 apb 2480: Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1.1.1.10 agc 2481: 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2482: 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2483: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2484: 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2485: 6:00 - +06
2486: # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
1.1 apb 2487: Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.1.1.10 agc 2488: 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2489: 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2490: 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2491: 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2492: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2493: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2494: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2495: 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2496: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 2497: 6:00 - +06 2018 Dec 21 0:00
2498: 5:00 - +05
1.1.1.15 kre 2499: #
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 2500: # Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS)
2501: # The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
2502: # reorganization.
2503: Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:28 - LMT 1924 May 2
2504: 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2505: 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2506: 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2507: 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2508: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2509: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2510: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2511: 6:00 - +06
2512:
1.1.1.15 kre 2513: # Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
1.1 apb 2514: Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.1.1.10 agc 2515: 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2516: 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2517: 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2518: 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2519: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2520: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2521: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2522: 5:00 - +05
1.1.1.15 kre 2523: # Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
1.1 apb 2524: # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 2525: # so include timestamps before 1963.
1.1 apb 2526: Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.1.1.10 agc 2527: 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
2528: 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
2529: 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2530: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2531: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2532: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
2533: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2534: 5:00 - +05
1.1.1.15 kre 2535: # Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
2536: # +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
2537: Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.1.1.16 kre 2538: 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
1.1.1.15 kre 2539: 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1
2540: 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2541: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2542: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2543: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s
2544: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2545: 5:00 - +05
1.1.1.10 agc 2546: # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
2547: # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
2548: # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1.1 apb 2549: Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1.1.1.16 kre 2550: 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
1.1.1.10 agc 2551: 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
2552: 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
2553: 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
2554: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
2555: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2556: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2557: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
2558: 5:00 - +05
1.1 apb 2559:
2560: # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
2561: # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2562:
2563: # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
2564: # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1.1.1.2 apb 2565: # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1.1 apb 2566: # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
2567: # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
2568: # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
2569: # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
2570: # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
2571:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2572: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 2573: Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 -
1.1 apb 2574: Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 2575: Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 -
1.1 apb 2576: Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2577: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2578: Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.1.1.12 kre 2579: 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
2580: 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2581: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00
2582: 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12
2583: 6:00 - +06
1.1 apb 2584:
2585: ###############################################################################
2586:
2587: # Korea (North and South)
2588:
1.1.1.2 apb 2589: # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1.1.1.5 apb 2590: # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
2591: # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
2592: # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced
2593: # between 1987 and 1988 ...
2594:
2595: # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 2596: # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
1.1.1.5 apb 2597: # According to the Korean Wikipedia
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 2598: # https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
1.1.1.5 apb 2599: # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
2600: # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old
2601: # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
2602: # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
2603: # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
2604: # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
2605:
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 2606: # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
2607: # 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end
2608: # date in South Korea should be
2609: # 1955-09-08 without specifying time
2610: # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557
2611: # 1956-09-29 without specifying time
2612: # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341
2613: # 1957-09-21 24 o'clock
2614: # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3
2615: # 1958-09-20 24 o'clock
2616: # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189
2617: # 1959-09-19 24 o'clock
2618: # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2
2619: # 1960-09-17 24 o'clock
2620: # http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104
2621: # ...
2622: # 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/대한민국%20표준시 ... [says]
2623: # when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international
2624: # aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to
2625: # follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability.
2626:
2627:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2628: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 2629: Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
2630: Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S
2631: Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
2632: Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sat>=7 24:00 0 S
2633: Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
2634: Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
2635: Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
2636: Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 8 24:00 0 S
2637: Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
2638: Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00 0 S
2639: Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
2640: Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sat>=17 24:00 0 S
2641: Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
2642: Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
1.1.1.5 apb 2643:
1.1.1.12 kre 2644: # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
1.1.1.5 apb 2645: # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
2646: #
1.1.1.12 kre 2647: # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
1.1.1.5 apb 2648: # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
2649: # (Announcement No. 338)
2650: # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
2651: # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
2652: #
1.1.1.12 kre 2653: # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
2654: # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
1.1.1.5 apb 2655: #
2656: # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1.1 apb 2657: # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
2658: # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1.1.1.5 apb 2659: #
1.1.1.12 kre 2660: # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
2661: # have no information otherwise.
1.1 apb 2662:
1.1.1.8 apb 2663: # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
2664: # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
2665: # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
2666: # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
2667: #
1.1.1.9 christos 2668: # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
2669: # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See:
2670: # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
2671: # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1.1.1.8 apb 2672: # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1.1.1.9 christos 2673: # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1.1.1.8 apb 2674:
1.1.1.16.4.4 martin 2675: # From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29):
2676: # North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang
2677: # Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time).
2678: #
2679: # From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30):
2680: # Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan.
2681: # https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf
2682: # ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree
2683: # No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's
2684: # Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun.
2685: # From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29):
2686: # It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column.
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 2687: #
2688: # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04):
2689: # The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today.
2690: # https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705
1.1.1.16.4.4 martin 2691:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2692: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.5 apb 2693: Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
2694: 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1.1 apb 2695: 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2696: 9:00 ROK K%sT 1954 Mar 21
1.1.1.5 apb 2697: 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1.1 apb 2698: 9:00 ROK K%sT
1.1.1.5 apb 2699: Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
2700: 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
1.1 apb 2701: 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24
1.1.1.9 christos 2702: 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 2703: 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30
1.1.1.16.4.4 martin 2704: 9:00 - KST
1.1 apb 2705:
2706: ###############################################################################
2707:
2708: # Kuwait
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 2709: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! 2710: Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
! 2711: 3:00 - +03
1.1 apb 2712:
2713: # Laos
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 2714: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! 2715: Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
! 2716: 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1
! 2717: 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
! 2718: 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
! 2719: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
! 2720: 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
! 2721: 8:00 - +08 1955 Apr 15
! 2722: 7:00 - +07
1.1.1.4 apb 2723:
1.1 apb 2724:
2725: # Lebanon
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2726: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 2727: Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
2728: Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
2729: Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
2730: Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
2731: Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2732: Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2733: Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
2734: Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
2735: Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2736: Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2737: Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
2738: Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2739: Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2740: Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
2741: Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2742: Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2743: Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
2744: Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2745: Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2746: Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2747: Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
2748: Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
2749: Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2750: Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2751: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2752: Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
2753: 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
2754:
2755: # Malaysia
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2756: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 2757: Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 -
1.1 apb 2758: Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
2759: #
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 2760: # Peninsular Malaysia
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2761: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2762: Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2763: 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1.1.1.16 kre 2764: 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
2765: 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
2766: 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
2767: 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
2768: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2769: 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
2770: 8:00 - +08
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 2771:
! 2772: #
1.1 apb 2773: # Sabah & Sarawak
1.1.1.2 apb 2774: # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
2775: # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
2776: # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2777: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2778: Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1.1.1.16 kre 2779: 7:30 - +0730 1933
2780: 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
2781: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
2782: 8:00 - +08
1.1 apb 2783:
2784: # Maldives
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2785: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.16.4.2 martin 2786: Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé
2787: 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time
1.1.1.16 kre 2788: 5:00 - +05
1.1 apb 2789:
2790: # Mongolia
2791:
2792: # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
2793: # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
2794: # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
2795:
2796: # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
2797: # General Information Mongolia
2798: # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
2799: # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
2800: # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
2801: # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
2802: # eight hours."
2803:
2804: # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
2805: # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
2806: # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
2807: # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
2808: # of implementation may have been different....
2809: # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
2810: # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
2811: # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
2812:
2813: # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
2814: # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
2815: # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
2816: # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
2817: # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
2818: # is good enough for our purposes.
2819:
2820: # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
2821: # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
2822: # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
2823: # there are three time zones.
2824: #
2825: # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
2826: # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
2827: # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
2828: # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
2829: #
2830: # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
2831:
2832: # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
2833: # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
2834: # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
2835: # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
2836: #
2837: # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
2838: # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
2839: # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
2840:
2841: # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
2842: # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
2843: # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
2844: # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
2845: # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
1.1.1.12 kre 2846: # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
1.1 apb 2847: # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
2848: # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
2849: # He also found
1.1.1.2 apb 2850: # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
1.1 apb 2851: # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
2852: # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
2853: # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
2854: # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
2855: # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
2856: # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
2857: # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
2858:
2859: # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
2860: # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
2861: # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
2862: # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
2863:
2864: # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
2865: # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
2866: # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
2867: # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
2868: # database on this, e.g.:
2869: #
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 2870: # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1.1 apb 2871: # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
2872: #
2873: # both say GMT+08:00.
2874:
2875: # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
2876: # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
2877: # schedule here:
2878: # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
2879: # (click the English flag for English)
2880: #
2881: # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
2882: # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
2883: # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
2884: # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
2885: # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
2886: # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
2887:
2888: # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2889: # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
2890: # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
2891: # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
2892: # this is almost surely wrong.
2893:
1.1.1.7 apb 2894: # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
2895: # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
2896: # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
2897: # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
2898: # September daylight saving time ends. Source:
2899: # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
2900:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2901: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 2902: Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 2903: Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2904: # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
2905: # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
2906: # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
2907: #
2908: # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
2909: # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
2910: # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
2911: # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
2912: # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
2913: # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
2914:
1.1.1.16 kre 2915: # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09):
2916: # Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight
2917: # saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192
2918:
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 2919: Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 2920: Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2921: # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 2922: Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
1.1 apb 2923: Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 2924: Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
2925: Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
1.1.1.16 kre 2926: Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
1.1 apb 2927:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2928: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2929: # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
2930: Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1.1.1.16 kre 2931: 6:00 - +06 1978
2932: 7:00 Mongol +07/+08
1.1 apb 2933: # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
2934: Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1.1.1.16 kre 2935: 7:00 - +07 1978
2936: 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
1.1.1.2 apb 2937: # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1.1 apb 2938: # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
2939: Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1.1.1.16 kre 2940: 7:00 - +07 1978
2941: 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr
2942: 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31
2943: 8:00 Mongol +08/+09
1.1 apb 2944:
2945: # Nepal
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 2946: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 2947: Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1.1.1.16 kre 2948: 5:30 - +0530 1986
2949: 5:45 - +0545
1.1 apb 2950:
2951: # Oman
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 2952: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! 2953: Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920
! 2954: 4:00 - +04
1.1 apb 2955:
2956: # Pakistan
2957:
2958: # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
2959: # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
2960: # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
2961: # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
2962: # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
2963: # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
2964:
2965: # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
2966: # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
2967: # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
2968: # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
2969: # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
2970: # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
2971: # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
2972: # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
2973: # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
2974: # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
2975: # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
2976:
2977: # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
2978: # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
2979: # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
2980:
2981: # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
2982: # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
2983: # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
2984: #
2985: # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
2986: # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
2987: # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
2988: # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
2989: #
2990: # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
2991: # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
2992:
2993: # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
2994: #
2995: # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
2996: # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
2997: #
1.1.1.2 apb 2998: # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
2999: # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
3000: # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
1.1 apb 3001: #
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 3002: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1.1 apb 3003: # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
3004:
3005: # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
3006: # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
3007:
3008: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
3009: # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
3010: # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
3011: # instead of August 31.
3012: #
3013: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
3014: # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
3015:
3016: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
3017: # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
3018: # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
3019: # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
3020: # official working."
3021: # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
3022: #
3023: # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
3024: # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
3025: #
3026: # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
3027: # April 08, 2009
3028: # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
3029: # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
3030: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
3031: #
3032: # ....
3033: # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
3034: # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
3035: # conserve energy"
3036:
3037: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
3038: # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
3039: # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
3040: # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
3041: # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
3042: # this regard."
3043: # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
3044:
3045: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
3046: # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1.1.1.2 apb 3047: # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
3048: # October 1, 2009.
1.1 apb 3049: #
3050: # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
3051: # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
3052: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
3053: #
1.1.1.2 apb 3054: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
1.1 apb 3055: # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
3056: # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
3057: # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
3058: # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
3059: # Monday."
3060: #
3061: # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
3062: # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
3063: # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
3064: # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
3065: #
3066: # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
3067: # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 3068: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
1.1 apb 3069:
3070: # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
3071: # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
3072: # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
3073:
3074: # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
3075: # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
3076: # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
3077: # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
3078: # >
3079: # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
3080: # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
3081: # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
3082: # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
3083: # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
3084: #
3085: # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
3086: # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
3087: #
3088: # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
3089: # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
3090:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3091: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.9 christos 3092: Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
3093: Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
1.1 apb 3094: Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1.1.1.2 apb 3095: Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1.1 apb 3096: Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
3097:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3098: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3099: Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1.1.1.16 kre 3100: 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
3101: 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
3102: 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30
3103: 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26
1.1 apb 3104: 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
3105:
3106: # Palestine
3107:
3108: # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
3109: #
3110: # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
3111: # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
3112: # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
3113: #
3114: # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
3115: # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
3116: # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
3117: # though.
3118: #
3119: # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
3120: # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
3121: # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
3122: # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
3123: # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
3124: # East Jerusalem.
3125: #
3126: # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
3127: # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
3128: # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
3129: # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
3130: # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
3131: #
3132: # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
3133: # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
3134: # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
3135: # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
3136: # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
3137: # Jordanian one).
3138: #
3139: # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
3140: #
3141: # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
3142: # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
3143: # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
3144: # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
3145: # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
3146: #
3147: # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
3148: # have one).
3149:
3150: # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
3151: # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
3152: # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
3153: # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
3154: # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
3155: # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
3156: # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
3157: # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
3158: # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
3159: # to Palestine's rules.
3160:
3161: # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
3162: # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
3163: #
3164: # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
3165: # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
3166: # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
3167: # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
3168:
3169: # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
3170: # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
1.1.1.2 apb 3171: # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
1.1 apb 3172: # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
3173: # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
3174: # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
3175: # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
3176: # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
3177:
3178: # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
3179: # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
3180:
3181: # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
3182: # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
3183: # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
3184: # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
3185: # earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
3186:
3187: # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
3188: # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
3189: # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
3190: # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
3191: # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
3192: # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
3193: # the West Bank.
3194:
3195: # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
3196: # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
3197: # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
3198: # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
3199: # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
3200: # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
3201: # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
3202: # because of the Ramadan.
3203:
3204: # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
3205: # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
3206: # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
3207:
3208: # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
3209: # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
3210: # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
3211: # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
3212: # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
3213: # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
3214:
3215: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
3216: # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
3217: #
3218: # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
3219: # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
3220: #
3221: # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
3222: # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
3223: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
3224:
3225: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
3226: # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
3227: # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
3228: # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
3229: #
3230: # (in Arabic)
3231: # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
3232: #
3233: # (English translation)
3234: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
3235:
3236: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
3237: # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
3238: # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
3239: #
3240: # One news source:
3241: # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
3242: # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
3243: # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
3244: # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
3245: # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
3246: # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
3247: #
3248: # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
3249: # end date, we will keep this page updated:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 3250: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
1.1 apb 3251:
3252: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
3253: # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
3254: #
3255: # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
3256: # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
3257: #
3258: # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
3259: # (from Palestinian National Authority):
3260: # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
3261: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
3262:
3263: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
3264: # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
3265: # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
3266: # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
3267: #
3268: # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
3269: # (in Arabic)
3270: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
3271:
3272: # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
3273: # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
3274: # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
3275: # noon though:
3276: #
3277: # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
3278: # (Ma'an News Agency)
3279: # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
3280: # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
3281:
3282: # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
3283: # According to several sources, including
3284: # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
3285: # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
3286: # Gaza and the West Bank.
3287: # Some more background info:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 3288: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
1.1 apb 3289:
3290: # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
3291: # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
3292: # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
3293: # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
3294: # Ramadan.
3295: #
3296: # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
3297: # Additional info:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 3298: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
1.1 apb 3299:
3300: # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
3301: # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
3302: # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
3303: # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
3304: # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
3305: # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
3306: # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
3307: # ...
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 3308: # https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
1.1 apb 3309: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
3310: # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
3311:
3312: # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
3313: # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
3314: # 00:00).
3315: # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
3316: #
3317: # Many sources, including:
3318: # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
3319:
3320: # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
3321: # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
3322: # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
3323: # Some of many sources in Arabic:
3324: # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
3325: #
3326: # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
3327: #
3328: # Our brief summary:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 3329: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
1.1 apb 3330:
3331: # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
3332: # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
3333: # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
3334: # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
3335: # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
3336: # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
3337:
3338: # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
3339: # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
3340: # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
3341: # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
3342: # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
3343: # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
3344: # official source...:
3345: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
3346:
1.1.1.7 apb 3347: # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
3348: # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 3349: # and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
1.1.1.7 apb 3350: # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
3351: #
3352: # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 3353: # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
1.1.1.7 apb 3354: # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
1.1 apb 3355:
1.1.1.9 christos 3356: # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
3357: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
3358: # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
3359: # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
3360: # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
1.1.1.13 kre 3361:
3362: # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
3363: # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
3364: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
3365: # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
1.1.1.9 christos 3366:
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 3367: # From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16):
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3368: # Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 ...
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 3369: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817
3370:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3371: # From Even Scharning (2019-03-23):
3372: # http://pnn.ps/news/401130
3373: # http://palweather.ps/ar/node/50136.html
3374: #
3375: # From Sharif Mustafa (2019-03-26):
3376: # The Palestinian cabinet announced today that the switch to DST will
3377: # be on Fri Mar 29th 2019 by advancing the clock by 60 minutes.
3378: # http://palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e54e9ea1-50ee-4137-84df-0d6c78da259b
3379: #
3380: # From Even Scharning (2019-04-10):
3381: # Our source in Palestine said it happened Friday 29 at 00:00 local time....
3382:
3383: # From Sharef Mustafa (2019-10-18):
3384: # Palestine summer time will end on midnight Oct 26th 2019 ...
3385: #
3386: # From Steffen Thorsen (2020-10-20):
3387: # Some sources such as these say, and display on clocks, that DST ended at
3388: # midnight last year...
3389: # https://www.amad.ps/ar/post/320006
3390: #
3391: # From Tim Parenti (2020-10-20):
3392: # The report of the Palestinian Cabinet meeting of 2019-10-14 confirms
3393: # a decision on (translated): "The start of the winter time in Palestine, by
3394: # delaying the clock by sixty minutes, starting from midnight on Friday /
3395: # Saturday corresponding to 26/10/2019."
3396: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/43948
3397:
3398: # From Sharef Mustafa (2020-10-20):
3399: # As per the palestinian cabinet announcement yesterday , the day light saving
3400: # shall [end] on Oct 24th 2020 at 01:00AM by delaying the clock by 60 minutes.
3401: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/Meeting/Details/51584
3402:
3403: # From Pierre Cashon (2020-10-20):
3404: # The summer time this year started on March 28 at 00:00.
3405: # https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=GveQNZa872839351758aGveQNZ
3406: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/50284
3407: # The winter time in 2015 started on October 23 at 01:00.
3408: # https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=CgpCdYa670694628582aCgpCdY
3409: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/27583
3410: #
3411: # From Paul Eggert (2019-04-10):
3412: # For now, guess spring-ahead transitions are at 00:00 on the Saturday
3413: # preceding March's last Sunday (i.e., Sat>=24).
3414:
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 3415: # From P Chan (2021-10-18):
! 3416: # http://wafa.ps/Pages/Details/34701
! 3417: # Palestine winter time will start from midnight 2021-10-29 (Thursday-Friday).
! 3418: #
! 3419: # From Heba Hemad, Palestine Ministry of Telecom & IT (2021-10-20):
! 3420: # ... winter time will begin in Palestine from Friday 10-29, 01:00 AM
! 3421: # by 60 minutes backwards.
! 3422: #
! 3423: # From Tim Parenti (2021-10-25), per Paul Eggert (2021-10-24):
! 3424: # Guess future fall transitions at 01:00 on the Friday preceding October's
! 3425: # last Sunday (i.e., Fri>=23), as this is more consistent with recent practice.
! 3426:
! 3427: # From Heba Hamad (2022-03-10):
! 3428: # summer time will begin in Palestine from Sunday 03-27-2022, 00:00 AM.
! 3429:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3430: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 3431: Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
3432: Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3433: Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3434: Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
3435: Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
3436: Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
3437:
3438: Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
3439: Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
3440: Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
3441: Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
3442: Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3443: Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3444: Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 -
1.1 apb 3445: Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3446: Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3447: Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep 4 1:00 0 -
1.1 apb 3448: Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3449: Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
3450: Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S
3451: Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
3452: Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S
3453: Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1.1.1.7 apb 3454: Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1.1 apb 3455: Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3456: Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
3457: Rule Palestine 2014 only - Oct 24 0:00 0 -
3458: Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
3459: Rule Palestine 2015 only - Oct 23 1:00 0 -
3460: Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Mar Sat>=24 1:00 1:00 S
3461: Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Oct Sat>=24 1:00 0 -
3462: Rule Palestine 2019 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 S
3463: Rule Palestine 2019 only - Oct Sat>=24 0:00 0 -
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 3464: Rule Palestine 2020 2021 - Mar Sat>=24 0:00 1:00 S
! 3465: Rule Palestine 2020 only - Oct 24 1:00 0 -
! 3466: Rule Palestine 2021 max - Oct Fri>=23 1:00 0 -
! 3467: Rule Palestine 2022 max - Mar Sun>=25 0:00 1:00 S
1.1 apb 3468:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3469: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3470: Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1.1.1.15 kre 3471: 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
1.1 apb 3472: 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
3473: 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
3474: 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1.1.1.2 apb 3475: 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00
1.1 apb 3476: 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep
3477: 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010
1.1.1.2 apb 3478: 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01
1.1 apb 3479: 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1
3480: 2:00 - EET 2012
3481: 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
3482:
3483: Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
1.1.1.15 kre 3484: 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
1.1 apb 3485: 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
3486: 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
3487: 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
3488: 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
3489:
3490: # Paracel Is
3491: # no information
3492:
3493: # Philippines
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 3494:
3495: # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
3496: # The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time.
3497: # It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from
3498: # 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time.
1.1 apb 3499: # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
3500: # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
3501: # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
3502: # History of the International Date Line
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 3503: # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
1.1.1.2 apb 3504: # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1.1 apb 3505:
3506: # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
3507: # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
3508: # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
3509: # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
3510: # but no details]
3511:
1.1.1.2 apb 3512: # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
3513: # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
3514: # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed
3515: # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
3516: # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
3517: # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
3518: # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
3519:
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 3520: # From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15):
3521: # In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535
3522: # which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time".
3523: # The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although
3524: # the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish
3525: # it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)."
3526: # [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/
3527: # [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535
3528: #
3529: # From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19):
3530: # I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is
3531: # more popular among reliable English-language news sources. This is
3532: # not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and
3533: # influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST,
3534: # so use "PDT", the usual American style.
3535:
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 3536: # From P Chan (2021-05-10):
! 3537: # Here's a fairly comprehensive article in Japanese:
! 3538: # https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/Philippine%20Time
! 3539: # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-10):
! 3540: # The info in the Japanese table has not been absorbed (yet) below.
! 3541:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3542: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 3543: Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D
3544: Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S
3545: Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D
3546: Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
3547: Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
3548: Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3549: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3550: Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
3551: 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 3552: 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May
3553: 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
3554: 8:00 Phil P%sT
1.1 apb 3555:
3556: # Qatar
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3557: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.2 apb 3558: Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
1.1.1.16 kre 3559: 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
3560: 3:00 - +03
1.1 apb 3561:
3562: # Saudi Arabia
3563: #
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 3564: # From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29):
1.1 apb 3565: # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 3566: # standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it
1.1 apb 3567: # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
3568: # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
3569: # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
3570: # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
3571: # o'clock for "Arab" time).
3572: #
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 3573: # Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi
3574: # Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common
3575: # practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset -
3576: # which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from
3577: # the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm
3578: # instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they
3579: # used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line
3580: # Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western.
3581: # (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes,
3582: # "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power
3583: # station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he
3584: # assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he
3585: # shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is
3586: # going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See:
3587: # Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3.
3588: # http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm
1.1.1.16.4.6 martin 3589: # Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing.
3590: # Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3.
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 3591: #
1.1 apb 3592: # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
3593: # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
3594: # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
3595: # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
3596: # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
3597: # earlier date.
3598: #
3599: # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
1.1.1.12 kre 3600: # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
1.1.1.16.4.5 martin 3601: # the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this,
3602: # as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
1.1 apb 3603: #
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3604: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3605: Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
1.1.1.16 kre 3606: 3:00 - +03
1.1 apb 3607:
3608: # Singapore
1.1.1.2 apb 3609: # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 3610: # https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3611: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3612: Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
3613: 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1.1.1.16 kre 3614: 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
3615: 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
3616: 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
3617: 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
3618: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
3619: 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
3620: 8:00 - +08
1.1 apb 3621:
3622: # Spratly Is
3623: # no information
3624:
3625: # Sri Lanka
3626:
3627: # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
3628: # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo
3629: # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
3630: # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
3631: # Shanks and Pottenger.
3632:
3633: # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
3634: # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
3635: # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
3636: # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
3637: # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
3638: # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
3639: #
3640: # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
3641: # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
3642: # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
3643: # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
3644: # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
3645:
3646: # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
3647: # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
3648: # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
3649: # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
3650:
3651: # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
1.1.1.2 apb 3652: # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
1.1 apb 3653: # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
3654: # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
3655: # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
3656: # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
3657: # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
3658: # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
3659:
1.1.1.13 kre 3660: # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
3661: # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
3662: # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
3663: # standard time is SLST.
3664: #
3665: # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
3666: # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
3667: # zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of
3668: # it in the International Business Times of India in February and
3669: # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
3670: # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
3671: # other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
3672: # even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
3673: # switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
1.1 apb 3674:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3675: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3676: Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
1.1.1.2 apb 3677: 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
1.1.1.13 kre 3678: 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
1.1.1.16 kre 3679: 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep
3680: 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00
1.1.1.13 kre 3681: 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00
3682: 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30
3683: 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30
3684: 5:30 - +0530
1.1 apb 3685:
3686: # Syria
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3687: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1.1 apb 3688: Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
3689: Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
3690: Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
3691: Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
3692: Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
3693: Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
3694: Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
3695: Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
3696: Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
3697: Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
3698: Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
3699: Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
3700: Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
3701: Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
3702: Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
3703: Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
3704: Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
3705: Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
3706: Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
3707: Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
3708: Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
3709: Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
3710: Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
3711: Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3712: Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3713: Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
3714: Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3715: Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
3716: # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
3717: # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
3718: # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
3719: # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
3720: # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
3721: # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
3722: Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3723: Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3724: Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
3725: Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3726: # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
3727: # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
3728: # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
3729: Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
3730: # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
3731: # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
3732: # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
3733: Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3734: # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
3735: # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
3736: # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
3737: # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
3738: # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
3739: # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
3740: # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
3741: #
3742: # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
3743: # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
3744: #
3745: # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
3746: # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
3747: #
3748: # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
3749: # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
3750: #
3751: # which using Google's translate tools says:
3752: # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
3753: # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
3754: # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
3755: Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
3756:
3757: # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
3758: # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
1.1.1.2 apb 3759: # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
1.1 apb 3760: # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
3761: # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
3762: # Variation
3763: # Syrian Arab
3764: # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
3765: # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
3766: # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
3767:
3768: # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
3769: # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
3770: # Agency (SANA)...
3771: # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
3772: # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
3773: # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
3774: # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
3775: # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
3776: # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
3777:
3778: # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
3779: # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
3780: # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
3781: # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
3782: # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
3783:
3784: # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
3785: # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
3786: # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
3787: #
3788: # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
3789: # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
3790: # clocks back 60 minutes).
3791: #
3792: # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
3793:
3794: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
3795: # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
3796: # two examples:
3797: #
3798: # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
3799: # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
3800: # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
3801: # (Arabic, gov-site)
3802: #
3803: # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
3804: #
3805: # Our summary
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 3806: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
1.1 apb 3807:
3808: # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
3809: # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
3810: # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
3811: # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
3812: # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
3813:
3814: # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
3815: # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
3816: # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
3817: # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
3818:
3819: # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
3820: # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
3821: # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
3822: # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
3823: # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
3824:
3825: # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
3826: # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
3827: # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
3828: #
3829: # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
3830: # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
3831: #
3832: # Our brief summary:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 3833: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
1.1 apb 3834:
3835: # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
3836: # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
3837:
3838: Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3839: Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
3840: Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3841: Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3842: Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
3843: Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
3844:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3845: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.2 apb 3846: Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
1.1 apb 3847: 2:00 Syria EE%sT
3848:
3849: # Tajikistan
3850: # From Shanks & Pottenger.
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3851: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3852: Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.1.1.12 kre 3853: 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
3854: 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 3855: 5:00 1:00 +06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
1.1.1.12 kre 3856: 5:00 - +05
1.1 apb 3857:
3858: # Thailand
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3859: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3860: Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
3861: 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
1.1.1.16 kre 3862: 7:00 - +07
1.1 apb 3863:
3864: # Turkmenistan
3865: # From Shanks & Pottenger.
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3866: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3867: Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
1.1.1.12 kre 3868: 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
3869: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3870: 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00
3871: 5:00 - +05
1.1 apb 3872:
3873: # United Arab Emirates
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3874: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1 apb 3875: Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
1.1.1.16 kre 3876: 4:00 - +04
1.1 apb 3877:
3878: # Uzbekistan
1.1.1.2 apb 3879: # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3880: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.2 apb 3881: Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.1.1.12 kre 3882: 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
3883: 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
3884: 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
3885: 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
3886: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3887: 5:00 - +05
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 3888: # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8.
! 3889: #STDOFF 4:37:10.8
1.1 apb 3890: Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2
1.1.1.12 kre 3891: 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
3892: 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3893: 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992
3894: 5:00 - +05
1.1 apb 3895:
3896: # Vietnam
3897:
1.1.1.4 apb 3898: # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
1.1 apb 3899: # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
3900: # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways
3901: # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
1.1.1.4 apb 3902: # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
1.1 apb 3903:
3904: # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
3905: # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
3906: # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
3907:
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 3908: # From Paul Eggert (2022-07-27) after a 2014 heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
1.1.1.4 apb 3909: # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
3910: # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
3911: # is quoted verbatim in:
3912: # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
3913: # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
1.1.1.16.4.1 snj 3914: # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
1.1.1.4 apb 3915: # and is the basis for the information below.
3916: #
3917: # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
1.1.1.16.4.3 snj 3918: # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris.
1.1.1.4 apb 3919: # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 3920: # the Paris Meridian; for now guess the former and round the exact
! 3921: # 07:06:30.1333... to 07:06:30.13 as the legal spec used 66 2/3 ms precision.
1.1.1.4 apb 3922: # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
3923: # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
3924: #
3925: # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
3926: # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
3927: # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
3928: # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3929: # To 09:00 on 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
1.1.1.4 apb 3930: # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
3931: # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
3932: # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
3933: # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
3934: # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
3935: #
3936: # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
3937: #
3938: # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
3939: # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
3940: #
3941: # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
3942: # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
3943: #
3944: # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
3945: # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
3946:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3947: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 3948: #STDOFF 7:06:30.13
! 3949: Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:30 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
1.1.1.16 kre 3950: 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT
3951: 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
3952: 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00
3953: 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
3954: 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1
3955: 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1
3956: 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00
3957: 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13
3958: 7:00 - +07
1.1 apb 3959:
1.1.1.16.4.7 martin 3960: # From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19):
3961: #
3962: # The Ho Chi Minh entry suffices for most purposes as it agrees with all of
3963: # Vietnam since 1975-06-13. Presumably clocks often changed in south Vietnam
3964: # in the early 1970s as locations changed hands during the war; however the
3965: # details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database.
3966: #
3967: # For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff),
3968: # use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab.
3969: # For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'.
3970:
3971:
1.1 apb 3972: # Yemen
1.1.1.16.4.9! martin 3973: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! 3974: Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950
! 3975: 3:00 - +03
! 3976:
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