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<refentry xmlns:db="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" version="5.0" xml:id="man.dnssec-cds">
  <info>
    <date>2017-10-02</date>
  </info>
  <refentryinfo>
    <corpname>ISC</corpname>
    <corpauthor>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.</corpauthor>
    <author>
      <personname>Tony Finch</personname>
      <email>dot@dotat.at</email>
      <email>fanf2@cam.ac.uk</email>
      <affiliation>Cambridge University Information Services</affiliation>
      <personblurb></personblurb>
    </author>
  </refentryinfo>

  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle><application>dnssec-cds</application></refentrytitle>
   <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
    <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
  </refmeta>

  <refnamediv>
    <refname><application>dnssec-cds</application></refname>
    <refpurpose>change DS records for a child zone based on CDS/CDNSKEY</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <docinfo>
    <copyright>
      <year>2017</year>
      <year>2018</year>
      <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
    </copyright>
  </docinfo>

  <refsynopsisdiv>
    <cmdsynopsis sepchar=" ">
      <command>dnssec-cds</command>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><option>-a <replaceable class="parameter">alg</replaceable></option></arg>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-D</option></arg>
      <arg choice="req" rep="norepeat"><option>-d <replaceable class="parameter">dsset-file</replaceable></option></arg>
      <arg choice="req" rep="norepeat"><option>-f <replaceable class="parameter">child-file</replaceable></option></arg>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-i</option><arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><replaceable class="parameter">extension</replaceable></arg></arg>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-s <replaceable class="parameter">start-time</replaceable></option></arg>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-T <replaceable class="parameter">ttl</replaceable></option></arg>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-u</option></arg>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-v <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></option></arg>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><option>-V</option></arg>
      <arg choice="req" rep="norepeat">domain</arg>
    </cmdsynopsis>
  </refsynopsisdiv>

  <refsection><info><title>DESCRIPTION</title></info>

    <para>
      The <command>dnssec-cds</command> command changes DS records at
      a delegation point based on CDS or CDNSKEY records published in
      the child zone. If both CDS and CDNSKEY records are present in
      the child zone, the CDS is preferred. This enables a child zone
      to inform its parent of upcoming changes to its key-signing keys;
      by polling periodically with <command>dnssec-cds</command>, the
      parent can keep the DS records up to date and enable automatic
      rolling of KSKs.
    </para>
    <para>
      Two input files are required.  The
      <option>-f <replaceable class="parameter">child-file</replaceable></option>
      option specifies a file containing the child's CDS and/or CDNSKEY
      records, plus RRSIG and DNSKEY records so that they can be
      authenticated.  The
      <option>-d <replaceable class="parameter">path</replaceable></option>
      option specifies the location of a file containing the current DS
      records. For example, this could be a <filename>dsset-</filename>
      file generated by <command>dnssec-signzone</command>, or the output of
      <command>dnssec-dsfromkey</command>, or the output of a previous
      run of <command>dnssec-cds</command>.
    </para>
    <para>
      The <command>dnssec-cds</command> command uses special DNSSEC
      validation logic specified by RFC 7344. It requires that the CDS
      and/or CDNSKEY records are validly signed by a key represented in the
      existing DS records. This will typicially be the pre-existing
      key-signing key (KSK).
    </para>
    <para>
      For protection against replay attacks, the signatures on the
      child records must not be older than they were on a previous run
      of <command>dnssec-cds</command>. This time is obtained from the
      modification time of the <filename>dsset-</filename> file, or
      from the <option>-s</option> option.
    </para>
    <para>
      To protect against breaking the delegation,
      <command>dnssec-cds</command> ensures that the DNSKEY RRset can be
      verified by every key algorithm in the new DS RRset, and that the
      same set of keys are covered by every DS digest type.
    </para>
    <para>
      By default, replacement DS records are written to the standard
      output; with the <option>-i</option> option the input file is
      overwritten in place. The replacement DS records will be the
      same as the existing records when no change is required. The
      output can be empty if the CDS / CDNSKEY records specify that
      the child zone wants to go insecure.
    </para>
    <para>
      Warning: Be careful not to delete the DS records
      when <command>dnssec-cds</command> fails!
    </para>
    <para>
      Alternatively, <command>dnssec-cds -u</command> writes
      an <command>nsupdate</command> script to the standard output.
      You can use the <option>-u</option> and <option>-i</option>
      options together to maintain a <filename>dsset-</filename> file
      as well as emit an <command>nsupdate</command> script.
    </para>

  </refsection>

  <refsection><info><title>OPTIONS</title></info>

    <variablelist>

      <varlistentry>
	<term>-a <replaceable class="parameter">algorithm</replaceable></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
	    Specify a digest algorithm to use when converting CDNSKEY
	    records to DS records. This option can be repeated, so
	    that multiple DS records are created for each CDNSKEY
	    record. This option has no effect when using CDS records.
          </para>
          <para>
	    The <replaceable>algorithm</replaceable> must be one of SHA-1
	    (SHA1), SHA-256 (SHA256), GOST, or SHA-384 (SHA384). These
	    values are case insensitive. If no algorithm is specified,
	    the default is SHA-256.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Specifies the DNS class of the zones.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>-D</term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
	    Generate DS records from CDNSKEY records if both CDS and
	    CDNSKEY records are present in the child zone. By default
	    CDS records are preferred.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>-d <replaceable class="parameter">path</replaceable></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Location of the parent DS records.
	    The <replaceable>path</replaceable> can be the name of a file
	    containing the DS records, or if it is a
	    directory, <command>dnssec-cds</command> looks for
	    a <filename>dsset-</filename> file for
	    the <replaceable>domain</replaceable> inside the directory.
          </para>
          <para>
            To protect against replay attacks, child records are
            rejected if they were signed earlier than the modification
            time of the <filename>dsset-</filename> file. This can be
            adjusted with the <option>-s</option> option.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>-f <replaceable class="parameter">child-file</replaceable></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
	    File containing the child's CDS and/or CDNSKEY records,
	    plus its DNSKEY records and the covering RRSIG records so
	    that they can be authenticated.
          </para>
	  <para>
	    The EXAMPLES below describe how to generate this file.
	  </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>-i<arg choice="opt" rep="norepeat"><replaceable class="parameter">extension</replaceable></arg></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Update the <filename>dsset-</filename> file in place,
            instead of writing DS records to the standard output.
          </para>
	  <para>
	    There must be no space between the <option>-i</option> and
	    the <replaceable>extension</replaceable>. If you provide
	    no <replaceable>extension</replaceable> then the
	    old <filename>dsset-</filename> is discarded. If
	    an <replaceable>extension</replaceable> is present, a
	    backup of the old <filename>dsset-</filename> file is kept
	    with the <replaceable>extension</replaceable> appended to
	    its filename.
	  </para>
          <para>
            To protect against replay attacks, the modification time
            of the <filename>dsset-</filename> file is set to match
            the signature inception time of the child records,
            provided that is later than the file's current
            modification time.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>-s <replaceable class="parameter">start-time</replaceable></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Specify the date and time after which RRSIG records become
            acceptable. This can be either an absolute or relative
            time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number in
            YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20170827133700 denotes 13:37:00
            UTC on August 27th, 2017. A time relative to
            the <filename>dsset-</filename> file is indicated with -N,
            which is N seconds before the file modification time. A
            time relative to the current time is indicated with now+N.
	  </para>
	  <para>
            If no <replaceable>start-time</replaceable> is specified, the
            modification time of the <filename>dsset-</filename> file
            is used.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>-T <replaceable class="parameter">ttl</replaceable></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Specifies a TTL to be used for new DS records. If not
            specified, the default is the TTL of the old DS records.
            If they had no explicit TTL then the new DS records also
            have no explicit TTL.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>-u</term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
	    Write an <command>nsupdate</command> script to the
	    standard output, instead of printing the new DS reords.
	    The output will be empty if no change is needed.
          </para>
	  <para>
	    Note: The TTL of new records needs to be specified, either
	    in the original <filename>dsset-</filename> file, or with
	    the <option>-T</option> option, or using
	    the <command>nsupdate</command> <command>ttl</command>
	    command.
	  </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
	<term>-V</term>
        <listitem>
	  <para>
	    Print version information.
	  </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>-v <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            Sets the debugging level. Level 1 is intended to be
            usefully verbose for general users; higher levels are
            intended for developers.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><replaceable>domain</replaceable></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            The name of the delegation point / child zone apex.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
  </refsection>

  <refsection><info><title>EXIT STATUS</title></info>

    <para>
      The <command>dnssec-cds</command> command exits 0 on success, or
      non-zero if an error occurred.
    </para>
    <para>
      In the success case, the DS records might or might not need
      to be changed.
    </para>

  </refsection>

  <refsection><info><title>EXAMPLES</title></info>

    <para>
      Before running <command>dnssec-signzone</command>, you can ensure
      that the delegations are up-to-date by running
      <command>dnssec-cds</command> on every <filename>dsset-</filename> file.
    </para>
    <para>
      To fetch the child records required by <command>dnssec-cds</command>
      you can invoke <command>dig</command> as in the script below.  It's
      okay if the <command>dig</command> fails since
      <command>dnssec-cds</command> performs all the necessary checking.
    </para>
<programlisting>for f in dsset-*
do
	d=${f#dsset-}
	dig +dnssec +noall +answer $d DNSKEY $d CDNSKEY $d CDS |
	dnssec-cds -i -f /dev/stdin -d $f $d
done
</programlisting>

    <para>
      When the parent zone is automatically signed by
      <command>named</command>, you can use <command>dnssec-cds</command>
      with <command>nsupdate</command> to maintain a delegation as follows.
      The <filename>dsset-</filename> file allows the script to avoid
      having to fetch and validate the parent DS records, and it keeps the
      replay attack protection time.
    </para>
<programlisting>
dig +dnssec +noall +answer $d DNSKEY $d CDNSKEY $d CDS |
dnssec-cds -u -i -f /dev/stdin -d $f $d |
nsupdate -l
</programlisting>
  </refsection>

  <refsection><info><title>SEE ALSO</title></info>

    <para>
      <citerefentry>
        <refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
      </citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry>
        <refentrytitle>dnssec-settime</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
      </citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry>
        <refentrytitle>dnssec-signzone</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
      </citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry>
        <refentrytitle>nsupdate</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
      </citerefentry>,
      <citetitle>BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</citetitle>,
      <citetitle>RFC 7344</citetitle>.
    </para>

  </refsection>

</refentry>