Annotation of src/external/gpl3/binutils.old/dist/gas/doc/c-tilepro.texi, Revision 1.1
1.1 ! christos 1: @c Copyright 2011
! 2: @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
! 3: @c This is part of the GAS manual.
! 4: @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
! 5: @ifset GENERIC
! 6: @page
! 7: @node TILEPro-Dependent
! 8: @chapter TILEPro Dependent Features
! 9: @end ifset
! 10: @ifclear GENERIC
! 11: @node Machine Dependencies
! 12: @chapter TILEPro Dependent Features
! 13: @end ifclear
! 14:
! 15: @cindex TILEPro support
! 16: @menu
! 17: * TILEPro Options:: TILEPro Options
! 18: * TILEPro Syntax:: TILEPro Syntax
! 19: * TILEPro Directives:: TILEPro Directives
! 20: @end menu
! 21:
! 22: @node TILEPro Options
! 23: @section Options
! 24:
! 25: @code{@value{AS}} has no machine-dependent command-line options for
! 26: TILEPro.
! 27:
! 28: @node TILEPro Syntax
! 29: @section Syntax
! 30: @cindex TILEPro syntax
! 31: @cindex syntax, TILEPro
! 32:
! 33: Block comments are delimited by @samp{/*} and @samp{*/}. End of line
! 34: comments may be introduced by @samp{#}.
! 35:
! 36: Instructions consist of a leading opcode or macro name followed by
! 37: whitespace and an optional comma-separated list of operands:
! 38:
! 39: @smallexample
! 40: @var{opcode} [@var{operand}, @dots{}]
! 41: @end smallexample
! 42:
! 43: Instructions must be separated by a newline or semicolon.
! 44:
! 45: There are two ways to write code: either write naked instructions,
! 46: which the assembler is free to combine into VLIW bundles, or specify
! 47: the VLIW bundles explicitly.
! 48:
! 49: Bundles are specified using curly braces:
! 50:
! 51: @smallexample
! 52: @{ @var{add} r3,r4,r5 ; @var{add} r7,r8,r9 ; @var{lw} r10,r11 @}
! 53: @end smallexample
! 54:
! 55: A bundle can span multiple lines. If you want to put multiple
! 56: instructions on a line, whether in a bundle or not, you need to
! 57: separate them with semicolons as in this example.
! 58:
! 59: A bundle may contain one or more instructions, up to the limit
! 60: specified by the ISA (currently three). If fewer instructions are
! 61: specified than the hardware supports in a bundle, the assembler
! 62: inserts @code{fnop} instructions automatically.
! 63:
! 64: The assembler will prefer to preserve the ordering of instructions
! 65: within the bundle, putting the first instruction in a lower-numbered
! 66: pipeline than the next one, etc. This fact, combined with the
! 67: optional use of explicit @code{fnop} or @code{nop} instructions,
! 68: allows precise control over which pipeline executes each instruction.
! 69:
! 70: If the instructions cannot be bundled in the listed order, the
! 71: assembler will automatically try to find a valid pipeline
! 72: assignment. If there is no way to bundle the instructions together,
! 73: the assembler reports an error.
! 74:
! 75: The assembler does not yet auto-bundle (automatically combine multiple
! 76: instructions into one bundle), but it reserves the right to do so in
! 77: the future. If you want to force an instruction to run by itself, put
! 78: it in a bundle explicitly with curly braces and use @code{nop}
! 79: instructions (not @code{fnop}) to fill the remaining pipeline slots in
! 80: that bundle.
! 81:
! 82: @menu
! 83: * TILEPro Opcodes:: Opcode Naming Conventions.
! 84: * TILEPro Registers:: Register Naming.
! 85: * TILEPro Modifiers:: Symbolic Operand Modifiers.
! 86: @end menu
! 87:
! 88: @node TILEPro Opcodes
! 89: @subsection Opcode Names
! 90: @cindex TILEPro opcode names
! 91: @cindex opcode names, TILEPro
! 92:
! 93: For a complete list of opcodes and descriptions of their semantics,
! 94: see @cite{TILE Processor User Architecture Manual}, available upon
! 95: request at www.tilera.com.
! 96:
! 97: @node TILEPro Registers
! 98: @subsection Register Names
! 99: @cindex TILEPro register names
! 100: @cindex register names, TILEPro
! 101:
! 102: General-purpose registers are represented by predefined symbols of the
! 103: form @samp{r@var{N}}, where @var{N} represents a number between
! 104: @code{0} and @code{63}. However, the following registers have
! 105: canonical names that must be used instead:
! 106:
! 107: @table @code
! 108: @item r54
! 109: sp
! 110:
! 111: @item r55
! 112: lr
! 113:
! 114: @item r56
! 115: sn
! 116:
! 117: @item r57
! 118: idn0
! 119:
! 120: @item r58
! 121: idn1
! 122:
! 123: @item r59
! 124: udn0
! 125:
! 126: @item r60
! 127: udn1
! 128:
! 129: @item r61
! 130: udn2
! 131:
! 132: @item r62
! 133: udn3
! 134:
! 135: @item r63
! 136: zero
! 137:
! 138: @end table
! 139:
! 140: The assembler will emit a warning if a numeric name is used instead of
! 141: the canonical name. The @code{.no_require_canonical_reg_names}
! 142: assembler pseudo-op turns off this
! 143: warning. @code{.require_canonical_reg_names} turns it back on.
! 144:
! 145: @node TILEPro Modifiers
! 146: @subsection Symbolic Operand Modifiers
! 147: @cindex TILEPro modifiers
! 148: @cindex symbol modifiers, TILEPro
! 149:
! 150: The assembler supports several modifiers when using symbol addresses
! 151: in TILEPro instruction operands. The general syntax is the following:
! 152:
! 153: @smallexample
! 154: modifier(symbol)
! 155: @end smallexample
! 156:
! 157: The following modifiers are supported:
! 158:
! 159: @table @code
! 160:
! 161: @item lo16
! 162:
! 163: This modifier is used to load the low 16 bits of the symbol's address,
! 164: sign-extended to a 32-bit value (sign-extension allows it to be
! 165: range-checked against signed 16 bit immediate operands without
! 166: complaint).
! 167:
! 168: @item hi16
! 169:
! 170: This modifier is used to load the high 16 bits of the symbol's
! 171: address, also sign-extended to a 32-bit value.
! 172:
! 173: @item ha16
! 174:
! 175: @code{ha16(N)} is identical to @code{hi16(N)}, except if
! 176: @code{lo16(N)} is negative it adds one to the @code{hi16(N)}
! 177: value. This way @code{lo16} and @code{ha16} can be added to create any
! 178: 32-bit value using @code{auli}. For example, here is how you move an
! 179: arbitrary 32-bit address into r3:
! 180:
! 181: @smallexample
! 182: moveli r3, lo16(sym)
! 183: auli r3, r3, ha16(sym)
! 184: @end smallexample
! 185:
! 186: @item got
! 187:
! 188: This modifier is used to load the offset of the GOT entry
! 189: corresponding to the symbol.
! 190:
! 191: @item got_lo16
! 192:
! 193: This modifier is used to load the sign-extended low 16 bits of the
! 194: offset of the GOT entry corresponding to the symbol.
! 195:
! 196: @item got_hi16
! 197:
! 198: This modifier is used to load the sign-extended high 16 bits of the
! 199: offset of the GOT entry corresponding to the symbol.
! 200:
! 201: @item got_ha16
! 202:
! 203: This modifier is like @code{got_hi16}, but it adds one if
! 204: @code{got_lo16} of the input value is negative.
! 205:
! 206: @item plt
! 207:
! 208: This modifier is used for function symbols. It causes a
! 209: @emph{procedure linkage table}, an array of code stubs, to be created
! 210: at the time the shared object is created or linked against, together
! 211: with a global offset table entry. The value is a pc-relative offset
! 212: to the corresponding stub code in the procedure linkage table. This
! 213: arrangement causes the run-time symbol resolver to be called to look
! 214: up and set the value of the symbol the first time the function is
! 215: called (at latest; depending environment variables). It is only safe
! 216: to leave the symbol unresolved this way if all references are function
! 217: calls.
! 218:
! 219: @item tls_gd
! 220:
! 221: This modifier is used to load the offset of the GOT entry of the
! 222: symbol's TLS descriptor, to be used for general-dynamic TLS accesses.
! 223:
! 224: @item tls_gd_lo16
! 225:
! 226: This modifier is used to load the sign-extended low 16 bits of the
! 227: offset of the GOT entry of the symbol's TLS descriptor, to be used for
! 228: general dynamic TLS accesses.
! 229:
! 230: @item tls_gd_hi16
! 231:
! 232: This modifier is used to load the sign-extended high 16 bits of the
! 233: offset of the GOT entry of the symbol's TLS descriptor, to be used for
! 234: general dynamic TLS accesses.
! 235:
! 236: @item tls_gd_ha16
! 237:
! 238: This modifier is like @code{tls_gd_hi16}, but it adds one to the value
! 239: if @code{tls_gd_lo16} of the input value is negative.
! 240:
! 241: @item tls_ie
! 242:
! 243: This modifier is used to load the offset of the GOT entry containing
! 244: the offset of the symbol's address from the TCB, to be used for
! 245: initial-exec TLS accesses.
! 246:
! 247: @item tls_ie_lo16
! 248:
! 249: This modifier is used to load the low 16 bits of the offset of the GOT
! 250: entry containing the offset of the symbol's address from the TCB, to
! 251: be used for initial-exec TLS accesses.
! 252:
! 253: @item tls_ie_hi16
! 254:
! 255: This modifier is used to load the high 16 bits of the offset of the
! 256: GOT entry containing the offset of the symbol's address from the TCB,
! 257: to be used for initial-exec TLS accesses.
! 258:
! 259: @item tls_ie_ha16
! 260:
! 261: This modifier is like @code{tls_ie_hi16}, but it adds one to the value
! 262: if @code{tls_ie_lo16} of the input value is negative.
! 263:
! 264: @item tls_le
! 265:
! 266: This modifier is used to load the offset of the symbol's address from
! 267: the TCB, to be used for local-exec TLS accesses.
! 268:
! 269: @item tls_le_lo16
! 270:
! 271: This modifier is used to load the low 16 bits of the offset of the
! 272: symbol's address from the TCB, to be used for local-exec TLS accesses.
! 273:
! 274: @item tls_le_hi16
! 275:
! 276: This modifier is used to load the high 16 bits of the offset of the
! 277: symbol's address from the TCB, to be used for local-exec TLS accesses.
! 278:
! 279: @item tls_le_ha16
! 280:
! 281: This modifier is like @code{tls_le_hi16}, but it adds one to the value
! 282: if @code{tls_le_lo16} of the input value is negative.
! 283:
! 284: @item tls_gd_call
! 285:
! 286: This modifier is used to tag an instrution as the ``call'' part of a
! 287: calling sequence for a TLS GD reference of its operand.
! 288:
! 289: @item tls_gd_add
! 290:
! 291: This modifier is used to tag an instruction as the ``add'' part of a
! 292: calling sequence for a TLS GD reference of its operand.
! 293:
! 294: @item tls_ie_load
! 295:
! 296: This modifier is used to tag an instruction as the ``load'' part of a
! 297: calling sequence for a TLS IE reference of its operand.
! 298:
! 299: @end table
! 300:
! 301: @node TILEPro Directives
! 302: @section TILEPro Directives
! 303: @cindex machine directives, TILEPro
! 304: @cindex TILEPro machine directives
! 305:
! 306: @table @code
! 307:
! 308: @cindex @code{.align} directive, TILEPro
! 309: @item .align @var{expression} [, @var{expression}]
! 310: This is the generic @var{.align} directive. The first argument is the
! 311: requested alignment in bytes.
! 312:
! 313: @cindex @code{.allow_suspicious_bundles} directive, TILEPro
! 314: @item .allow_suspicious_bundles
! 315: Turns on error checking for combinations of instructions in a bundle
! 316: that probably indicate a programming error. This is on by default.
! 317:
! 318: @item .no_allow_suspicious_bundles
! 319: Turns off error checking for combinations of instructions in a bundle
! 320: that probably indicate a programming error.
! 321:
! 322: @cindex @code{.require_canonical_reg_names} directive, TILEPro
! 323: @item .require_canonical_reg_names
! 324: Require that canonical register names be used, and emit a warning if
! 325: the numeric names are used. This is on by default.
! 326:
! 327: @item .no_require_canonical_reg_names
! 328: Permit the use of numeric names for registers that have canonical
! 329: names.
! 330:
! 331: @end table
! 332:
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