Annotation of src/distrib/notes/sparc/install, Revision 1.6
1.1 deraadt 1: Installing NetBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have
2: this document in hand it shouldn't be too much trouble.
3:
1.4 pk 4: There are several ways to install NetBSD onto a disk. If your Sparcstation
5: is hooked up in a network you can find find a server and arrange for a
6: diskless setup which is a convenient way to install on a machine with
7: a single disk attached. Alternatively, you could use SunOS (booted from
8: a local disk) and install NetBSD onto a second disk. For the latter method,
9: skip to the section "Installing from SunOS" below.
10:
1.5 pk 11:
1.4 pk 12: Installing using a diskless setup.
13:
14: First, you must setup a diskless client configuration on a server. Consult
15: your server installation documents on how to proceed with this.
16: Put all the *.tar.gz files you want to install into the root directory
17: for your client on the server.
18:
19: Next, unpack base.tar.gz on the server in the root directory for your machine.
1.5 pk 20: If you elect to you a separately NFS-mounted filesystem for `/usr' on your
21: diskless setup, make sure the "./usr" base files in base.tar.gz end up
22: in the correct location. One way to do this is to temporarily use a loopback
23: mount on the server, re-routing <root>/usr to your server's exported
24: NetBSD "/usr" directory.
25:
1.4 pk 26: A few configuration files need to be edited:
27:
28: <root>/etc/hosts
1.5 pk 29: Add the IP addresses of both server and client.
30:
1.4 pk 31: <root>/etc/myname
1.5 pk 32: This files contains the client's hostname; use the same
33: name as in <root>/etc/hosts.
34:
1.4 pk 35: <root>/etc/fstab
1.5 pk 36: Enter the entries for remotely mounted `root', `swap' and
37: possibly `/usr' filesystems.
38:
39: Now you must populate the the `/dev' directory for your client. If you server
40: runs SunOS 4.x, you can simply change your working directory to `<root>/dev'
41: and run the MAKEDEV script: `sh MAKEDEV all'.
42:
43: On SunOS 5.x systems, MAKEDEV can also be used, but there'll be error
44: messages about unknown user and groups. These errors are inconsequential
45: for the purpose of installing NetBSD. However, you may want to correct them
46: if you plan to the diskless setup regularly. In that case, you may re-run
47: MAKEDEV on your NetBSD machine once it has booted.
1.4 pk 48:
49: Boot your workstation from the server by entering the appropriate `boot'
50: command at the monitor prompt. Depending on the PROM version in your machine,
51: this command takes one of the following forms:
52:
53: > b le()netbsd -s # for sun4 monitors
54: ok boot le()netbsd -s # for version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs
55: ok boot net netbsd -s # for version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs
56:
57: This will boot the NetBSD kernel in single-user mode.
58:
59: [[
60: NOTE: the latter two examples assume you operate the OpenBOOT ROM in
61: "new command mode". If your machine comes up and gives you a `>' prompt
62: instead of `ok', type:
63:
64: >n # enter native OpenBOOT mode
65: ok setenv sunmon-compat? false # make it permanent
66: ok
67: ]]
1.5 pk 68:
69: If you use a diskless setup with a separately NFS-mounted /usr filesystem,
70: mount /usr by hand now:
71:
72: netbsd# mount /usr
73:
1.6 ! pk 74: If you are upgrading a NetBSD installation, start the upgrade script:
1.4 pk 75:
1.6 ! pk 76: #netbsd ./upgrade.sh
! 77:
! 78: else, start the installation procedure:
1.4 pk 79:
80: netbsd# ./install.sh
81:
82:
1.6 ! pk 83: These scripts will do most of the work of transferring the system from the
1.4 pk 84: tar files onto your disk. You will frequently be asked for confirmation
85: before the script proceeds with each phase of the installation process.
86: Occasionally, you'll have to provide a piece of information such as the
87: name of the disk you want to install on or IP addresses and domain names
88: you want to assign.
89:
90: The installation script goes through the following phases:
91:
92: - determination of the disk to install NetBSD on
93: - checking of the partition information on the disk
94: - creating and mounting the NetBSD filesystems
95: - setup of IP configuration
96: - extraction of the distribution tar files
97: - installation of boot programs
98:
99:
100: Now try a reboot. (If needed, swap your scsi id's first). Initially
101: I'd suggest you "boot sd()netbsd -bs", then try multiuser after that.
102: if you boot single-user the NetBSD incantation to make the root
103: filesystem writable is
104:
105: netbsd# mount -u /dev/sd0a /
106:
107: The Sun monitor normally tries to load a file called "vmunix". On
108: OpenBOOT ROM systems you can change it to load NetBSD instead using
109: the following commands:
110:
111: On version 1 OpenBOOT ROMs:
112: >n
113: ok setenv boot-from sd(0,0,0)netbsd
114: ok
115:
116: On version 2 OpenBOOT ROMs:
117: ok setenv boot-file netbsd
118: ok setenv boot-device /sbus/esp/sd@0,0
119:
120:
121: Congratulations, you have successfully installed NetBSD 1.0. When you
122: reboot into NetBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt.
123: There is no initial password, but if you're using the machine in a
124: networked environment, you should create yourself an account and
125: protect it and the "root" account with good passwords.
126:
127: Some of the files in the NetBSD 1.0 distribution might need to be
128: tailored for your site. In particular, the /etc/sendmail.cf file will
129: almost definitely need to be adjusted, and other files in /etc will
130: probably need to be modified. If you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like
131: system administration, it's recommended that you buy a book that
132: discusses it.
133:
134:
135:
136: Installing from SunOS.
137:
1.1 deraadt 138: You need a SunOS machine to install NetBSD. You also need at
139: least the following pieces:
140:
141: the *.tar.gz files you want to install (as a minimum, base.tar.gz)
142: gzip (GNU gzip) SunOS binary
143: gtar (GNU tar) SunOS binary
144: the "install.sh" script
145: a "/boot" file from a SunOS sun4c machine
1.4 pk 146: a kernel, most likely "/netbsd"
1.1 deraadt 147:
148: All these pieces, except "/boot", are supplied in the NetBSD/sparc
149: distribution.
150:
151: You need to format and partition the disk using SunOS (since
152: NetBSD/sparc uses SunOS disk labels.) Give yourself adequate
153: partition sizes. Here is an example layout:
154:
155: partition size offset will be..
156: sd2a 28140 0 /
157: sd2b 16170 28140 swap
158: sd2c 204540 0 `whole disk'
159: sd2g 160230 44310 /usr
160:
161: BTW, These are not recommended sizes. They simply match the first
162: (tiny) disk that NetBSD/sparc ran on.
163:
164: Use SunOS to newfs the partitions which will have filesystems on them.
165: (NetBSD's filesystem format is identical to SunOS).
166:
167: sunos# newfs /dev/rsd2a
168: [... lots of output]
169: sunos# newfs /dev/rsd2g
170: [... lots of output]
171:
172: NOTE: If you are able to, there is a performance benefit from
173: newfs'ing using NetBSD. If you newfs using the NetBSD newfs command,
174: be sure to use the -O flag for your / partition, so that newfs will
175: use the 4.3BSD filesystem format, rather than the new 4.4BSD filesystem
176: format. If you forget, you will not be able to boot -- the SunOS boot
177: blocks do not understand the extended 4.4BSD filesystem format.
178:
179: Mount those partitions in a tree formation, under /mnt; ie:
180:
181: sunos# df
182: Filesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on
183: [...]
184: /dev/sd2a 11501 0 11501 0% /mnt
185: /dev/sd2g 179529 0 179529 0% /mnt/usr
186:
187: Place a standard SunOS "/boot" program in /mnt (your new root
188: partition), and use the SunOS command "installboot" to make it work.
189: The installboot man page says to do something like this:
190:
191: sunos# cp /boot /mnt/boot
192: sunos# /usr/mdec/installboot -vlt /mnt/boot /usr/mdec/bootsd /dev/rsd2a
193:
194: You can now extract the provided "*.tar.gz files onto your disk. The
195: provided script, "install.sh" will help you:
196:
197: sunos# ls -FC
198: base.tar.gz etc.tar.gz man.tar.gz secr.tar.gz
199: comp.tar.gz games.tar.gz misc.tar.gz text.tar.gz
200: install.sh netbsd.id3_scsi
201: sunos# ./install.sh
202: [...]
203:
204: This script NEEDS gzip and gtar (GNU gzip and GNU tar) on your
205: execution path! The tar files are in a "new format" that includes
206: directory information, and SunOS tar will not read them. Statically
207: linked versions of these programs for SunOS are supplied in the
208: distribution.
209:
210: After the files have been extracted, repair /mnt/etc/fstab to match
211: your actual disk layout. (Minus the "/mnt" component of each path, of
212: course :-)
213:
1.4 pk 214: Now proceed to reboot the machine as described above in "Installing
215: using a diskless setup".
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