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Revision 1.320.2.1.2.1, Mon Sep 3 06:57:28 2007 UTC (16 years, 6 months ago) by wrstuden
Branch: wrstuden-fixsa
Changes since 1.320.2.1: +595 -169 lines

Sync w/ NetBSD-4-RC_1

.\"	$NetBSD: main,v 1.320.2.1.2.1 2007/09/03 06:57:28 wrstuden Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1999-2005 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"        This product includes software developed by the NetBSD
.\"        Foundation, Inc. and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its
.\"    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
.\"    from this software without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.ig

	The notes that describe the improvements over the last release
	aren't appropriate for a snapshot, so these are conditional on
	FOR_RELEASE. 0 == snapshot; 1 == release
..
.
.tm Processing INSTALL
.
.\"	--------------------  CONFIGURATION  --------------------
.
.nr FOR_RELEASE 1
.nr DOC_XR 1
.ds MACHINE_LIST acorn26 acorn32 algor alpha amd64 amiga amigappc arc atari
.as MACHINE_LIST " bebox cats cesfic cobalt dreamcast evbarm evbmips evbppc
.as MACHINE_LIST " evbsh3 ews4800mips hp300 hp700 hpcarm hpcmips hpcsh
.as MACHINE_LIST " hppa i386 ibmnws iyonix luna68k mac68k macppc mipsco mmeye
.as MACHINE_LIST " mvme68k mvmeppc netwinder news68k newsmips next68k ofppc
.as MACHINE_LIST " pc532 pdp10 playstation2 pmax pmppc prep sandpoint sbmips
.as MACHINE_LIST " sgimips shark sparc sparc64 sun2 sun3 vax x68k xen zaurus .
.so \*[.CURDIR]/../common/macros
.
.Dd July 26, 2007
.Dt INSTALL 8
.Os NetBSD
.Sh NAME
.Nm INSTALL
.Nd Installation procedure for
.Nx*M .
.Sh CONTENTS
.Tc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.
.Ss About this Document
.Pp
.
This document describes the installation procedure for
.Nx
\*V on the
.Em \*M
platform.
It is available in four different formats titled
.Pa INSTALL. Ns Ar ext ,
where
.Ar \&.ext
is one of
.Pa \&.ps , \&.html , \&.more ,
.No or Pa \&.txt :
.(tag \&.morex -offset indent
.It Pa \&.ps
PostScript.
.It Pa \&.html
.No Standard Internet Tn HTML .
.It Pa \&.more
The enhanced text format used on
.Ul
systems by the
.Xr more 1
and
.Xr less 1
pager utility programs.
This is the format in which the on-line
.Em man
pages are generally presented.
.It Pa \&.txt
Plain old
.Tn ASCII .
.tag)
.Pp
You are reading the
.Em \*[format]
version.
.
.if \n[i386]:\n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64]:\n[amd64] \{\
.Ss "Quick install notes for the impatient"
.Pp
This section contains some brief notes describing what you need to
install
.Nx
\*V on a machine of the \*M architecture.
.Bl -bullet
.It
Fetch the
.if \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\
appropriate pair of boot floppy images from the
.Pa \*M/installation/floppy/
directory, or a CD-ROM image (the images from
.Pa \*M/installation/cdrom/
are bootable, but do no contain binary sets - these are intended for network
installs, or when different bootblocks are needed).
Most people will need the
.Pa boot1.fs
and
.Pa boot2.fs
or
.Pa boot.iso
images for VGA console installation, or the
.Pa boot-com1.fs
and
.Pa boot-com2.fs
or
.Pa boot-com.iso
images for installation via serial console.
.if \n[i386] \{\
You may also possibly (but not necessarily) want to use
.Pa bootlap1.fs
and
.Pa bootlap2.fs
if installing on a laptop.
The INSTALL_LAPTOP kernel can be loaded from one of the cdrom images via
the bootloader:
.Ic boot Ar nblaptop .
.\}
.Pp
The default kernel on ISO images have ACPI enabled. This is known to cause
issues on a few older machines which have buggy ACPI tables. To boot with
ACPI disabled, interrupt the 
.Nx
boot loader, and enter:
.Ic boot Fl c .
At the userconf prompt, enter:
.Ic disable acpi
followed by:
.Ic quit .
.if \n[i386] \{\
The kernel from the two floppy set is also present on the ISO images and can be
loaded using:
.Ic boot Ar nbnoacpi .
.\}
.\}
.if \n[macppc] \{\
files necessary to boot your system.
The files depend on what model you
are using and how you plan to boot your machine.
For systems with built-in floppy drives (Open Firmware 1 or 2), 
fetch the pair of boot floppy images
.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot1.fs
and
.Pa macppc/installation/floppy/boot2.fs ,
which include the bootloader and installation kernel.
For systems without floppy drives (most are Open Firmware 3), fetch the
bootloader
.Pa macppc/installation/ofwboot.xcf
and the installation kernel
.Pa macppc/binary/kernel/netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz .
If you have a CD-R, you can fetch the CD image,
.Pa macppccd-\*V.iso .
.\}
.if \n[sparc] \{\
CD image,
.Pa sparccd-\*V.iso
or the floppy disk images,
.Pa sparc/install/floppy/disk1.gz No and Pa sparc/install/floppy/disk2 .
You need either the pair of floppies or the CD to boot your system.
.\}
.if \n[sparc64] \{\
CD image,
.Pa sparc64cd-\*V.iso
or the installation kernel and bootloader,
.Pa sparc64/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz No and Pa sparc64/installation/misc/ofwboot
which can be booted from a
.Tn Solaris
or
.Nx
partition.
.\}
.if \n[macppc]:\n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\
Alternatively, you may netboot the installation kernel.  This process is
covered below, in detail.
.\}
.It
The actual binary distribution is in the
.Pa \*M/binary/sets/
directory.
When you boot the install
.if \n[i386] floppies,
.if \n[macppc] kernel from floppies, hard drive, or CD-ROM,
.if \n[sparc] floppies or CD-ROM,
.if \n[sparc64] CD-ROM or installation kernel,
the installation program
can fetch these files for you (using e.g. ftp),
if you have a network connection.
There are several other methods to get the binary sets onto
your machine.
.Pp
You will at a minimum need
.ie \n[i386]:\n[amd64] \{\
one of the kernel sets, typically
.Pa kern-GENERIC.tgz ,
as well as
.\}
.el \{\
the following sets:
.Pa kern-GENERIC.tgz , 
.\}
.Pa base.tgz
and
.Pa etc.tgz .
In a typical workstation installation you will probably want
all the installation sets.
.if \n[i386] \{\
.It
Write the floppy images directly to a pair of floppies.
If you have problems writing a raw image to a floppy,
the
.Ic rawrite.exe
MS-DOS program
or the
.Ic Rawrite32.exe
Windows32 program (inside
.Pa rawrite32.zip )
in the
.Pa i386/installation/misc/
directory may be of help.
.\}
.if \n[macppc] \{\
.It
If your \*M has a floppy drive, create the pair of boot floppies using 
.Ic suntar
(MacOS 9),
.Ic rawrite
(Windows), or
.Ic dd
(any
.Ul
system with floppy support).  If your system has Open Firmware 3, drag
.Pa ofwboot.xcf No and Pa netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz
to your hard drive icon (the top level of the drive, not the desktop).
If you are using the CD image, burn it now.
.\}
.if \n[sparc] \{\
.It
Make sure your sparc's CD-ROM drive is bootable.
Burn the CD.
Otherwise, write the floppy images directly to a pair of floppies
(after uncompressing disk1.gz).
.\}
.if \n[sparc64] \{\
.It
Burn the CD or put the installation kernel and bootloader 
at the root level of a bootable
.Tn Solaris
or
.Nx
partition.
.\}
.Pp
The disk(s) you just prepared will be used to boot the installation
kernel, which contains all the tools required to install
.Nx .
.if \n[macppc] \{\
.It
Determine your machine's model, quirks, and Open Firmware version from the
.Nx*M
Model Support webpage.
.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/Ports/macppc/models.html
.Pp
At present,
.Nx*M
cannot exist on the same hard drive as
.Tn Mac OS
unless you partition your disk before running the installer.
Open Firmware versions prior to 3 require a dedicated
.Nx
drive \(em you must use the entire disk,
partitioned with the installation tools.
Open Firmware version 3 cannot boot into
.Nx
on a drive partitioned with the installation tools, you must partition
your disk before running the installer, then select the
.Dq Me "Re-install sets or install additional sets"
option in the installer (selecting the
.Dq Me "Install NetBSD to hard disk"
or
.Dq Me "Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk"
options will render your drive unbootable).
If you are unsure, you may want to read the section below on
.Sx Partitioning your hard drive for NetBSD
.It
For systems with Open Firmware versions prior to 3, you may need to use
Apple's System Disk utility to enter Open Firmware and use your screen and
keyboard.
To enter Open Firmware, hold down the
.Key COMMAND-OPTION-O-F
keys after the boot chime starts, but before the chime ends.
Entering Open Firmware versions prior to 3 is usually the most frustrating
part of installation \(em you may want to read the section below on
.Sx Older Open Firmware System Preparation
.Pp
You should have the Open Firmware
.Dq Pa "0 \*>"
prompt on your screen before attempting to boot
.Nx*M .
.\}
.if \n[macppc] \{\
.It
At the Open Firmware prompt, type the command to boot.
To boot from the installation floppies, the command is
.Dq Ic "boot fd:0" .
For the install kernel and bootloader on your hard drive (Open Firmware
3), the command is
.Dq Ic "boot hd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd-GENERIC_MD.gz" .
.Pp
For boot CDs, the command is something like
.Dq Ic "boot cd:,\eofwboot.xcf netbsd.macppc"
(for Open Firmware 3) or
.Dq Ic "boot scsi-int/sd@3:0 NETBSD.MACPPC"
(for earlier Open Firmware versions).
You will need to use the correct case for
.Ic OFWBOOT.XCF No and Ic NETBSD.MACPPC
depending on how your version of Open Firmware interprets the ISO
file system.
You may need to replace
.Ic cd
with
.Ic "scsi/sd@3 , scsi-int/sd@3 , ata/atapi-disk ,"
or some other device alias.
You should also use the Open Firmware
.Ic dir
command to confirm that the
.Nx*M
kernel is called
.Pa NETBSD.MACPPC .
You may want to read the section below on
.Sx Open Firmware boot syntax
.\}
.if \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\
.It
You will need to get to the 
.if \n[sparc] OpenBoot PROM
.if \n[sparc64] OpenFirmware
.Dq Ic "ok"
prompt.
After your system first powers on, and displays some initial information,
press the
.Key STOP-A
keys, or send a BREAK if you're on a serial console.
At the
.Dq Ic "ok"
prompt, type the command to boot your system into
.Nx .
.\}
.if \n[sparc] \{\
The command to boot from CD is one of the following commands (depending on
your model):
.Dq Ic b sd(,30,) ,
.Dq Ic boot sd(,30,) ,
or
.Dq Ic boot cdrom .
.Pp
The command to boot from floppy is either
.Dq Ic boot fd(,,1)
or
.Dq Ic boot floppy .
The installer will prompt you to insert the second floppy when it is ready
for it.
.\}
.if \n[sparc64] \{\
The command to boot from CD is:
.Dq Ic boot cdrom .
The command to boot the
.Nx
kernel from a 
.Tn Solaris
or
.Nx
partition depends on which disk and partition it is on.
To boot from the first partition of the first (primary) disk:
.Dq Ic "boot disk:a /ofwboot -a" .
When it asks you for a kernel, specify
.Dq Ic "netbsd-INSTALL.gz"
.\}
.It
For third-party programs which are not part of the base
.Nx
distribution, you will want to explore the
.Ic pkgsrc
system with its more than 5400 program packages.
.El
.\}
.Ss "What is NetBSD?"
.Pp
.
The
.Nx
Operating System is a fully functional
.Tn Open Source
.Ul
operating system derived from the University of California, Berkeley
Networking Release 2 (Net/2), 4.4BSD-Lite, and 4.4BSD-Lite2 sources.
.Nx
runs on fifty four different system architectures (ports),
featuring seventeen machine architectures
across fifteen distinct CPU families,
and is being ported to more.
The
.Nx
\*V release contains complete binary releases for many different
system architectures.
(A few ports are not fully supported at this time 
and are thus not part of the binary distribution.
For information on them, please see the
.Nx
web site at
.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ . )
.Pp
.Nx
is a completely integrated system.
In addition to its highly portable, high performance kernel,
.nh
.Nx
features a complete set of user utilities, compilers for several
languages, the X Window System, firewall software
and numerous other tools, all accompanied by full source code.
.Pp
.\" XXX Should we include some text here about NetBSD's license
.\" policies and how commercial-friendly it is?
.Nx
is a creation of the members of the Internet community.
Without the unique cooperation and coordination the net makes
possible, it's likely that
.Nx
wouldn't exist.
.
.if \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\
.Ss Changes Between The NetBSD 3.0 and 4.0 Releases
.Pp
The
.Nx 4.0
release
provides numerous significant functional enhancements, including
support for many new devices, integration of hundreds of bug fixes,
new and updated kernel subsystems, and many user-land enhancements.
The result of these improvements is a stable operating system fit for
production use that rivals most commercially available systems.
.Pp
It is impossible to completely summarize more than a year of development that
went into the
.Nx
\*V release.
.\" {BEGIN from htdocs/releases/formal-4/NetBSD-4.0.xml#major-changes
.Pp
The complete list of changes can be found in the
CHANGES: 
.Lk ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0/CHANGES
and
CHANGES-4.0: 
.Lk ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-4.0/CHANGES-4.0
files in the top level directory of the NetBSD 4.0 release tree. Some highlights include:
.Ss2 Networking
.(bullet
.Xr agr 4 :
new pseudo-device driver for link level aggregation.
.It
IPv6 support was extended with an RFC 3542-compliant API and added for
.Xr gre 4
tunnels and the
.Xr tun 4
device.
.It
A NDIS-wrapper was added to use Windows binary drivers on the i386 platform, see
.Xr ndiscvt 8 .
.It
The IPv4 source-address selection policy can be set from a number of algorithms. See "IPSRCSEL" in
.Xr options 4
and
.Xr in_getifa 9 .
.It
Imported
.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
and
.Xr wpa_cli 8 .
Utilities to connect and handle aspects of 802.11 WPA networks.
.It
Imported
.Xr hostapd 8 .
An authenticator for IEEE 802.11 networks.
.It
.Xr carp 4 :
import Common Address Redundancy Protocol to allow multiple hosts to share a set of IP addresses for high availability / redundancy, from OpenBSD.
.It
AltQ support for the PF packet filter.
.It
.Xr ftpd 8
can now run in standalone mode, instead of from
.Xr inetd 8 .
.It
.Xr tftp 1
now has support for multicast TFTP operation in open-loop mode, server is in progress.
.bullet)
.
.Ss2 Filesystems
.(bullet
.Xr scan_ffs 8 ,
.Xr scan_lfs 8 :
Utilities to find FFSv1/v2 and LFS partitions to recover lost disklabels.
.It
tmpfs: Added a new memory-based file system aimed at replacing mfs. Contrary to mfs, it is not based on a disk file system, so it is more efficient both in overall memory consumption and speed. See
.Xr mount_tmpfs 8 .
.It
Added UDF support for optical media and block devices, see
.Xr mount_udf 8 .
Read-only for now.
.It
NFS export list handling was changed to be filesystem independent.
.It
LFS: Lots of stability improvements and new cleaner daemon. It is now also possible to use LFS as root filesystem.
.It
Support for System V Boot File System was added, see
.Xr newfs_sysvbfs 8
and
.Xr mount_sysvbfs 8 .
.bullet)
.
.Ss2 Drivers
.(bullet
Audio:
.(bullet
Support for new models on drivers, like Intel ICH8, 6300ESB, nForce 3/4, etc.
.It
Added support for AC'97 modems.
.It
.Xr auich 4 :
added support to handle the AC'97 modem as audio device.
.bullet)
.
.It
Hardware Monitors:
.(bullet
.Xr amdpm 4 :
added support for the i2c bus on the AMD-8111 used on many Opteron motherboards and for the Analog Devices ADT7464 hardware monitor chip.
.It
.Xr adt7467c 4 :
new driver for Analog Devices ADT7467 and ADM1030 hardware monitor chips.
.It
.Xr ipmi 4 :
new driver for motherboards implementing the Intelligent Platform Management Interface 1.5 or 2.0, from OpenBSD.
.It
.Xr it 4 :
new driver for iTE 8705F/8712F and SiS 950 hardware monitors.
.It
The
.Xr lm 4
driver was rewritten and support for more chips was added, for example for Winbond W83627HF, W83627THF, W83627DHG and Asus AS99127F.
.It
.Xr ug 4 :
new driver for ASUS Abit uGuru hardware monitor found on newer ASUS motherboards.
.bullet)
.
.It
Networking:
.(bullet
.Xr ath 4 :
updated HALs with support for WiSOC (AR531x) and 32bit SPARC.
.It
.Xr kse 4 :
new driver for Micrel KSZ8842/8841 PCI network cards.
.It
.Xr msk 4 :
new driver for Marvell Yukon 2 GigE PCI network cards, from OpenBSD.
.It
.Xr nfe 4 :
new driver for NVIDIA nForce Ethernet network cards, from OpenBSD.
.It
.Xr ral 4 :
new 802.11 driver for PCI/Cardbus Ralink RT2500, RT2501, RT2600, RT2661 and RT2500 USB chipsets, from OpenBSD.
.It
.Xr rum 4 :
new 802.11 driver for USB Ralink RT2501 and RT2601 chipsets, from OpenBSD.
.It
.Xr sip 4 :
now works on sparc64.
.It
.Xr wm 4 :
added support for the following chips: i82801H IFE (GT), i82801H IFE (G), i82801H (M_AMT), i82801H (AMT), i82801H, i82801H (IFE), i82801H (M), i8003, etc.
.It
.Xr wpi 4 :
new driver for Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG PCI 802.11 network cards, from OpenBSD.
.bullet)
.
.It
Power Management:
.(bullet
Support for Intel Speedstep SMI on PIIX4 PCI-ISA.
.It
Support for AMD PowerNow and Cool'n'Quiet Technology on K7 and K8 CPUs, both in 32 and 64 bit mode.
.It
Enhanced Speedstep supports more CPUs than before and for CPUs without a table with the list of supported frequencies, it will create a fake table with the the current, maximal and minimal supported frequency; to be able to use it on Core Solo/Duo CPUs.
.It
Also the powernow and speedstep drivers were modified to be able to be used on SMP systems, that means that the new frequency will be set in all CPUs available.
.bullet)
.
.It
Storage:
.(bullet
.Xr ahcisata 4 :
new driver for AHCI 1.0 and 1.1 compliant SATA controllers.
.It
.Xr ataraid 4 :
added support to handle Adaptec HostRAID and VIA V-Tech software RAID.
.It
.Xr ciss 4 :
new driver for HP/Compaq 5th+ generation Smart ARRAY controllers, from OpenBSD.
.It
.Xr fdc 4 :
added support for SBus based sparc64 machines and fixed formatting on sparc.
.It
.Xr mfi 4 :
new driver for LSI Logic and Dell MegaRAID SAS controllers, from OpenBSD.
.It
.Xr njata 4 :
new driver for Workbit NinjaATA-32 CardBus IDE controller.
.It
.Xr svwsata 4 :
new driver for Serverworks K2 SATA controllers, from OpenBSD.
.It
.Xr viaide 4
now support the VIA VT8237A SATA controller.
.bullet)
.
.It
USB:
.(bullet
.Xr ucycom 4 :
new driver for Cypress microcontroller based serial devices.
.It
.Xr uipaq 4 :
new driver for the iPAQ devices.
.It
.Xr utoppy 4 :
new driver for the Topfield TF5000PVR range of digital video recorders.
.bullet)
.
.bullet)
.
.Ss2 Platforms
.(bullet
i386: added support for the Multiboot specification. This means much improved support for loading the kernel by GRUB, including passing in parameters to the kernel.
.It
evbarm: New platform support for Arcom Viper PXA255-based single board, Atmark Techno Armadillo-9 and Armadillo-210, Linksys NSLU2 (a.k.a. "Slug") and I-O DATA HDL-G Giga LANDISK NAS devices.
.It
evbmips: Add support for Alchemy Au1550 processors, DBAu1550 boards, Alchemy Au15XX PCI host, 4G Systems MTX-1 board (MeshCube/AccessCube), Plat'home OpenMicroServer (OMS-AL400/128) and Atheros AR5312 SoC.
.It
New port
ews4800mips: NEC's MIPS based EWS4800 workstations.
.It
New port
landisk: port to the SH4 processor based NAS appliances, supporting models by I-O DATA (USL-5P, HDL-U, HDL-AV, HDL-W and HDLM-U series, SuperTank LAN Tank, UHDL-160U and UHDL-300U) and Plextor PX-EH16L, PX-EH25L and PX-EH40L.
.It
prep: This port has been modernized, and support for five additional machines has been added, among them the IBM 7024-E20 and 7025-F30 models and Motorola Powerstack E1. Additionally, sysinst support was added, and the bootloader process was improved, allowing easy installation and upgrade to future releases.
.It
Xen: support for Xen3 domU and dom0, including support for hardware virtualization on CPUs that support it.
.bullet)
.
.Ss2 Kernel subsystems
.(bullet
Improved Firewire (IEEE1394) support imported from FreeBSD.
.It
The
.Xr midi 4
framework got a complete overhaul for better support of Active Sensing and improved handling of tempo and timebase changes.
.It
Added a Bluetooth protocol stack including:
.(bullet
hardware drivers:
.Xr ubt 4
for USB controllers, and
.Xr bt3c 4
for the 3Com Bluetooth PC-Card
.It
socket based access to the HCI, L2CAP, RFCOMM and SCO protocols
.It
pseudo drivers for integrating services on remote Bluetooth devices such as Keyboards, Mice and SCO Audio into the NetBSD device framework.
.bullet)
.
.Pp
See
.Xr bluetooth 4 ,
.Xr bthset 1
and
.Xr btpin 1 .
.It
Imported the
.Xr bio 4
framework from OpenBSD, to query/control block device controllers. Currently supporting the
.Xr mfi 4
driver.
.It
Kernel uses stateful read-ahead algorithm.
.It
.Xr timecounter 9
adds a new time-keeping infrastructure along with NTP API 4 nanokernel implementation.
.It
.Xr dkctl 8
can be used to switch buffer queuing strategies on the fly, see also
.Xr bufq 9 .
.It
.Xr firmload 9 :
An API for loading firmware images used by various hardware devices.
.It
.Xr fileassoc 9
is used by Veriexec, it adds in-kernel and file-system independent file meta-data association interface.
.It
The
.Xr proplib 3
protocol was added for sending property lists to/from the kernel using ioctls.
.It
Start of 32bit-Linux-emulation for amd64 (COMPAT_LINUX32).
.It
.Xr wscons 4
console driver supports splash screens, scrolling, progress bar for kernel and boot messages.
.bullet)
.
.Pp
Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and more subsystems and device drivers are shared among the different ports. You can look for this trend to continue.
.Ss2 Security
.(bullet
The FAST_IPSEC IPsec implementation was extended to use hardware acceleration for IPv6, in addition to the hardware accelerated IPv4 that was available before. See
.Xr fast_ipsec 4
for more information.
.It
.Xr mprotect 2
got restrictions to enforce W^X policies, from PaX. See
.Xr options 4 ,
.Xr sysctl 3 ,
and
.Xr paxctl 1 .
.It
GCC 4's support for stack smashing protection (SSP) was enabled by adding libssp, see
.Xr security 8 .
.It
The kernel authorization framework
.Xr kauth 9
was added, replacing the traditional BSD credential management and privileged operation access control with an abstract layer, allowing the implementation of various security models either as part of the NetBSD distribution or as third-party LKMs.
.Pp
NetBSD's kernel authorization is a hybrid clean-room implementation of a similar interface developed by Apple, extending its capabilities and combining concepts of credential inheritance control.
.bullet)
.
.Ss2 Userland
.(bullet
3rd party software updates:
.(bullet
BIND 9.4.1
.It
OpenSSL 0.9.8d
.It
CVS 1.11.21
.It
OpenSSH 4.4
.It
gettext 0.14.4
.It
PF from OpenBSD 3.7
.It
(n)awk 20050424
.It
Postfix 2.4.1
.It
am-utils 6.1.3
.It
file 4.21
.It
zlib 1.2.3
.It
GNU binutils 2.16.1
.It
GNU groff 1.19.2
.It
IPFilter 4.1.23
.It
GNU gcc 4.1.1
.It
NTP 4.2.2p2
.It
pppd 2.4.4
.bullet)
.
.It
.Xr cksum 1
can now verify checksums
.It
iSCSI target (server) code added, see
.Xr iscsi-target 8 ;
Initiator (client) code is underway.
.It
Various utilities to support Bluetooth were added:
.(bullet
.Xr btconfig 8
for controller configuration
.It
.Xr btdevctl 8
to manage pseudo devices relating to remote services
.It
.Xr bthcid 8
and
.Xr btpin 1
for authenticating radio connections
.It
.Xr sdpd 8
for providing service discovery to remote devices
.It
.Xr sdpquery 1
for querying services on remote devices
.It
.Xr rfcomm_sppd 1
to access remote services over RFCOMM via stdio or pty
.It
.Xr bthset 1
for making connections to Bluetooth headsets.
.bullet)
.
.bullet)
.
.Pp
Besides this list, there there have also been innumerable bug fixes and other miscellaneous enhancements of course.
.Ss2 Components removed from NetBSD
.Pp
In this release of NetBSD, some software components known from previous releases were removed from the system. In some cases those were components that are not useful anymore or their utility does not justify maintenance overhead. Other components were not working properly and there was lack of interest in fixing them.
.(bullet
Sushi ...
.It
Vinum ...
.It
Sendmail was removed. Postfix is the MTA and provides the
.Xr sendmail 1
command line tool. Postfix has been included with NetBSD since NetBSD 1.5 was released in December 2005. Details about Postfix can be found in the
NetBSD Guide: 
.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/guide/en/chap-mail.html .
For those who need Sendmail, it is available from pkgsrc in the
.Pa mail/sendmail
and
.Pa mail/sendmail813
packages.
.It
NETCCITT ...
.It
NETNS ...
.It
UUCP was removed. The NetBSD improvements were merged into the pkgsrc version. For those who use UUCP tools, they are available from pkgsrc in the
.Pa net/uucp
package. The
.Xr cu 1
command is available as a frontend to
.Xr tip 1 .
.It
The Fortran 77 compiler (
g77
) has been removed with the transition from GCC 3 to GCC 4, which does not include it. For those who need it, it is available from pkgsrc in the
.Pa lang/gcc3-f77
package.
.It
The evbsh5 port has been removed from NetBSD due to lack of interest, compounded by a lack of available SH5 hardware.
.bullet)
.
.\" END from htdocs/releases/formal-4/NetBSD-4.0.xml#major-changes }
.pso ../printwhatis
.\} \" \n[FOR_RELEASE]
.
.Ss "The Future of NetBSD"
.Pp
.
The
.Nx
Foundation has been incorporated as a non-profit
organization.
Its purpose is to encourage, foster and promote the free exchange
of computer software, namely the
.Nx
Operating
System.
The foundation will allow for many things to be handled more
smoothly than could be done with our previous informal organization.
In particular, it provides the framework to deal with other parties
that wish to become involved in the
.Nx
Project.
.Pp
The
.Nx
Foundation will help improve the quality of
.Nx
by:
.(bullet
providing better organization to keep track of development
efforts, including co-ordination with groups working in
related fields.
.It
providing a framework to receive donations of goods and
services and to own the resources necessary to run the
.Nx
Project.
.It
providing a better position from which to undertake
promotional activities.
.It
periodically organizing workshops for developers and other
interested people to discuss ongoing work.
.bullet)
.Pp
We intend to begin narrowing the time delay between releases.
Our ambition is to provide a full release every six to eight months.
.Pp
We hope to support even
.Em more
hardware in the future, and we have a
rather large number of other ideas about what can be done to improve
.Nx .
.Pp
We intend to continue our current practice of making the
NetBSD-current development source available on a daily basis.
.Pp
We intend to integrate free, positive changes from whatever sources
submit them, providing that they are well thought-out and increase the
usability of the system.
.Pp
Above all, we hope to create a stable and accessible system, and to be
responsive to the needs and desires of
.Nx
users, because it is for
and because of them that
.Nx
exists.
.br_ne 10P
.
.Ss "Sources of NetBSD"
.Pp
.
Refer to
.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/ .
.br_ne 10P
.
.Ss "NetBSD \*V Release Contents
.Pp
.
The root directory of the
.Nx
\*V release is organized as follows:
.ie \n[FOR_RELEASE] \{\
.Pp
.Pa .../NetBSD-\*V/
.(tag README.files
.It Li CHANGES
Changes since earlier
.Nx
releases.
.It Li LAST_MINUTE
Last minute changes.
.It Li MIRRORS
A list of sites that mirror the
.Nx
\*V distribution.
.It Li README.files
README describing the distribution's contents.
.It Li TODO
.Nx Ns 's
todo list (also somewhat incomplete and out of date).
.It Pa patches/
Post-release source code patches.
.It Pa source/
Source distribution sets; see below.
.tag)
.Pp
In addition to the files and directories listed above, there is one
directory per architecture, for each of the architectures for which
.Nx
\*V has a binary distribution.
.Pp
The source distribution sets can be found in subdirectories of the
.Pa source
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
They contain the complete sources to the system.
The source distribution sets are as follows:
.(tag sharesrc
.It Sy gnusrc
This set contains the
.Dq gnu
sources, including the source for the compiler, assembler, groff,
and the other GNU utilities in the binary distribution sets.
.showsize 79 367
.It Sy pkgsrc
This set contains the
.Dq pkgsrc
sources, which contain the infrastructure to build third-party packages.
.showsize 24 200
.It Sy sharesrc
This set contains the
.Dq share
sources, which include the sources for the man pages not associated
with any particular program; the sources for the typesettable document
set; the dictionaries; and more.
.showsize 5 20
.It Sy src
This set contains all of the base
.Nx
\*V sources which are not in
.Sy gnusrc ,
.Sy sharesrc ,
or
.Sy syssrc .
.showsize 37 176
.It Sy syssrc
This set contains the sources to the
.Nx
\*V kernel for all architectures;
.Xr config 1 ;
and
.Xr dbsym 8 .
.showsize 26 140
.It Sy xsrc
This set contains the sources to the X Window System.
.showsize 84 450
.tag)
.Pp
All the above source sets are located in the
.Pa source/sets
subdirectory of the distribution tree.
.Pp
The source sets are distributed as compressed tar files.
Except for the
.Sy pkgsrc 
set, which is traditionally unpacked into
.Pa /usr/pkgsrc ,
all sets may be unpacked into
.Pa /usr/src
with the command:
.Dl # Ic "cd / ; tar -zxpf set_name.tgz"
.Pp
In each of the source distribution set directories, there are
files which contain the checksums of the files in the directory:
.(tag SYSVSUM -offset indent
.It Li BSDSUM
Historic
.Bx
checksums for the various files
in that directory, in the format produced by the command:
.br
.Ic cksum -o 1 Ar file .
.It Li CKSUM
.Tn POSIX
checksums for the various files in that
directory, in the format produced by the command:
.br
.Ic cksum Ar file .
.It Li MD5
.Tn MD5
digests for the various files in that
directory, in the format produced by the command:
.br
.Ic cksum Fl m Ar file .
.It Li SYSVSUM
Historic AT\*&T System V
.Ux
checksums for the various files in that directory, in the format produced by
the command:
.br
.Ic cksum -o 2 Ar file .
.tag)
.Pp
The MD5 digest is the safest checksum, followed by the POSIX
checksum.
The other two checksums are provided only to ensure
that the widest possible range of system can check the integrity
of the release files.
.\}
.el \{\
.Pp
.Pa \&.../NetBSD-current/tar_files/
.(item -compact -offset indent
.Pa pkgsrc.tar.gz
.It
.Pa src/*.tar.gz
.It
.Pa xsrc/*.tar.gz
.item)
.Pp
Other directories provide unpacked source trees e.g. for distribution via
the the software update protocol (SUP) or the
concurrent version system (CVS). For more information see:
.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/mirrors/
.\}
.
.
.so ../common/contents -----------------------------------------------
.
.
.(Note
Each directory in the \*M binary distribution also has its
own checksum files, just as the source distribution does.
.Note)
.br_ne 7P
.
.Ss "NetBSD/\*M System Requirements and Supported Devices"
.
.so hardware -----------------------------------------------
.br_ne 7P
.
.if \n[xen] \{.Ss "Installation options"
.br_ne 7P
.
.so instopt -----------------------------------------------
.\}
.
.Ss "Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media"
.
.so xfer -----------------------------------------------
.br_ne 7P
.
.Ss "Preparing your System for NetBSD installation"
.
.so prep -----------------------------------------------
.br_ne 7P
.
.ie \n[mac68k] .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System (Sysinst Method)"
.el .Ss "Installing the NetBSD System"
.
.so install -----------------------------------------------
.br_ne 7P
.
.Ss "Post installation steps"
.
.so ../common/postinstall -----------------------------------------------
.br_ne 7P
.
.Ss "Upgrading a previously-installed NetBSD System"
.
.so upgrade -----------------------------------------------
.br_ne 7P
.
.Ss "Compatibility Issues With Previous NetBSD Releases"
.Pp
.
Users upgrading from previous versions of
.Nx
may wish to bear the
following problems and compatibility issues in mind when upgrading to
.Nx
\*V .
.
.Ss2 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 2.1 and older releases.
See the section below on upgrading from NetBSD 3.x as well.
.Pp
It is
.Ic very important
that you populate the directory
.Pa /etc/pam.d
with appropriate configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules
(PAM) because you will not be able to login any more otherwise. Using
.Em postinstall
as described below will take care of this. Please refer to
.Lk http://www.netbsd.org/guide/en/chap-pam.html
for documentation about PAM.

The following issues can generally be resolved by extracting the
.Sy etc
set into a temporary directory and running
.Em postinstall :
.(disp
postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz check
postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix
.disp)
.Pp
Issues fixed by
.Em postinstall :
.(bullet -offset indent
Various files in
.Pa /etc
need upgrading.
These include:
.(bullet -compact -offset indent
.Pa /etc/defaults/*
.It
.Pa /etc/mtree/*
.It
.Pa /etc/pam.d/*
.It
.Pa /etc/daily
.It
.Pa /etc/weekly
.It
.Pa /etc/monthly
.It
.Pa /etc/security
.It
.Pa /etc/rc.subr
.It
.Pa /etc/rc
.It
.Pa /etc/rc.shutdown
.It
.Pa /etc/rc.d/*
.bullet)
.bullet)
.
.Pp
The following issues need to be resolved manually:
.
.(bullet -offset indent
The user
.Sq _pflogd
and the groups
.Sq _pflogd
and
.Sq authpf 
need to be created.
.bullet)
.
.Ss2 Issues affecting an upgrade from NetBSD 3.x releases.

The following issues can generally be resolved by extracting the
.Sy etc
set into a temporary directory and running
.Em postinstall :
.(disp
postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz check
postinstall -s /path/to/etc.tgz fix
.disp)
.Pp
Issues fixed by
.Em postinstall :
.(bullet -offset indent
Various files in
.Pa /etc
need upgrading.
These include:
.(bullet -compact -offset indent
.Pa /etc/defaults/*
.It
.Pa /etc/mtree/*
.It
.Pa /etc/daily
.It
.Pa /etc/weekly
.It
.Pa /etc/monthly
.It
.Pa /etc/security
.It
.Pa /etc/rc.subr
.It
.Pa /etc/rc
.It
.Pa /etc/rc.shutdown
.It
.Pa /etc/rc.d/*
.It
.Pa /etc/envsys.conf
.bullet)
.bullet)
.
.Pp
The following issues need to be resolved manually:
.
.(bullet -offset indent
The users
.Sq _proxy
and
.Sq authpf
and the groups
.Sq _proxy
and
.Sq rwhod 
need to be created and the user
.Sq uucp
needs to be updated.
.It
A number of things have been removed from the
.Nx
\*V release
including: the evbsh5 port, the Fortran 77 compiler (g77), NETCCITT,
NETNS, Sendmail, Sushi, UUCP, and Vinum.  If you were using any of these,
then please see the "Components removed from NetBSD" section near the
beginning of this document.
.bullet)
.
.
.Ss "Using online NetBSD documentation"
.Pp
Documentation is available if you first install the manual
distribution set.
Traditionally, the
.Dq man pages
(documentation) are denoted by
.Sq Li name(section) .
Some examples of this are
.Pp
.(bullet -compact -offset indent
.Xr intro 1 ,
.It
.Xr man 1 ,
.It
.Xr apropros 1 ,
.It
.Xr passwd 1 ,
and
.It
.Xr passwd 5 .
.bullet)
.Pp
The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three
are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats
are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8.
.Pp
.No The Em man
command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is
started by entering
.Ic man Op Ar section
.Ar topic .
The brackets
.Op \&
around the
section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is
optional.
If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the
lowest numbered section name will be displayed.
For instance, after logging in, enter
.Pp
.Dl # Ic "man passwd"
.Pp
to read the documentation for
.Xr passwd 1 .
To view the documentation for
.Xr passwd 5 ,
enter
.Pp
.Dl # Ic "man 5 passwd"
.Pp
instead.
.Pp
If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter
.Pp
.Dl # Ic apropos Ar subject-word
.Pp
where
.Ar subject-word
is your topic of interest; a list of possibly
related man pages will be displayed.
.
.Ss Administrivia
.Pp
.
If you've got something to say, do so!
We'd like your input.
There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list
server at
.Mt majordomo@NetBSD.org .
To get help on using the mailing
list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will
reply with instructions.
.Pp
There are various mailing lists set up to deal with comments and
questions about this release.
Please send comments to:
.Mt netbsd-comments@NetBSD.org .
.Pp
To report bugs, use the
.Xr send-pr 1
command shipped with
.Nx ,
and fill in as much information about the problem as you can.
Good bug reports include lots of details.
Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to:
.Mt netbsd-bugs@NetBSD.org .
.Pp
Use of
.Xr send-pr 1
is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it
are entered into the
.Nx
bugs database, and thus can't slip through
the cracks.
.Pp
There are also port-specific mailing lists, to discuss aspects of
each port of
.Nx .
Use majordomo to find their addresses, or visit
.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/MailingLists/ .
If
you're interested in doing a serious amount of work on a specific
port, you probably should contact the
.Sq owner
of that port (listed
below).
.Pp
If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how
you could be useful, send us mail or subscribe to:
.Mt netbsd-help@NetBSD.org .
.Pp
As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these
mailing lists.
Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP or WWW somewhere,
then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that,
mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it.
.
.Ss Thanks go to
.
.(bullet
The former members of UCB's Computer Systems Research Group,
including (but not limited to):
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
Keith Bostic
Ralph Campbell
Mike Karels
Marshall Kirk McKusick
.Ed
.Pp
for their ongoing work on
.Bx
systems, support, and encouragement.
.It
The Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. for hosting the
.Nx
FTP, CVS, AnonCVS, mail, mail archive, GNATS, SUP, Rsync and WWW servers.
.It
The Internet Research Institute in Japan for hosting the server
which runs the CVSweb interface to the
.Nx
source tree.
.It
The Helsinki University of Technology in Finland for hosting the
.Nx
backup CVS and backup server.
.It
SSH Communications Security in Finland for operating
the backup server. 
.It
The many organizations that provide
.Nx
mirror sites.
.It
Without CVS, this project would be impossible to manage, so our hats
go off to Brian Berliner, Jeff Polk, and the various other people
who've had a hand in making CVS a useful tool.
.It
We list the individuals and organizations
that have made donations or loans of hardware and/or money, to support
.Nx
development, and deserve credit for it at
.Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/donations .
(If you're not on that list and should be, tell us!
We probably were not able to get in touch with you, to verify that you
wanted to be listed.)
.It
Finally, we thank all of the people who've put sweat and tears into
developing
.Nx
since its inception in January, 1993.
(Obviously, there are a lot more people who deserve thanks here.
If you're one of them, and would like to mentioned, tell us!)
.bullet)
.
.Ss "We are..."
.
.Pp
(in alphabetical order)
.Pp
.
.
.Bl -column xxx "Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino" Mt sommerfeld@NetBSD.org Sy playstation2
.
.br_ne 1i
.It Em "The NetBSD core group:"
.It Ta Ta
.It Ta Alistair Crooks Ta Mt agc@NetBSD.org
.It Ta YAMAMOTO Takashi Ta Mt yamt@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matt Thomas Ta Mt matt@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Valeriy E. Ushakov Ta Mt uwe@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Christos Zoulas Ta Mt christos@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ta
.
.br_ne 2i
.It Em "The portmasters (and their ports):"
.\"
.\" XXX created by list-portmasters.pl
.\"
.It Ta Ta Ta
.It Ta Anders Magnusson               Ta Mt                ragge Ta Sy vax
.It Ta Andrey Petrov                  Ta Mt               petrov Ta Sy sparc64
.It Ta Ben Harris                     Ta Mt                bjh21 Ta Sy acorn26
.It Ta Cherry G. Mathew               Ta Mt               cherry Ta Sy ia64
.It Ta Chris Gilbert                  Ta Mt                chris Ta Sy cats
.It Ta Darrin Jewell                  Ta Mt                  dbj Ta Sy next68k
.It Ta Erik Berls                     Ta Mt                cyber Ta Sy cobalt
.It Ta Frank van der Linden           Ta Mt                 fvdl Ta Sy amd64
.It Ta Frank van der Linden           Ta Mt                 fvdl Ta Sy i386
.It Ta Gavan Fantom                   Ta Mt                gavan Ta Sy iyonix
.It Ta IWAMOTO Toshihiro              Ta Mt               toshii Ta Sy hpcarm
.It Ta Ichiro FUKUHARA                Ta Mt               ichiro Ta Sy hpcarm
.It Ta Ignatios Souvatzis             Ta Mt                   is Ta Sy amiga
.It Ta Izumi Tsutsui                  Ta Mt              tsutsui Ta Sy ews4800mips
.It Ta Izumi Tsutsui                  Ta Mt              tsutsui Ta Sy hp300
.It Ta Izumi Tsutsui                  Ta Mt              tsutsui Ta Sy news68k
.It Ta Jaime A Fournier               Ta Mt                 ober Ta Sy zaurus
.It Ta Jason Thorpe                   Ta Mt              thorpej Ta Sy algor
.It Ta Jason Thorpe                   Ta Mt              thorpej Ta Sy evbarm
.It Ta Jason Thorpe                   Ta Mt              thorpej Ta Sy shark
.It Ta Jonathan Stone                 Ta Mt             jonathan Ta Sy pmax
.It Ta Julian Coleman                 Ta Mt                  jdc Ta Sy atari
.It Ta Manuel Bouyer                  Ta Mt               bouyer Ta Sy xen
.It Ta Marcus Comstedt                Ta Mt               marcus Ta Sy dreamcast
.It Ta Martin Husemann                Ta Mt               martin Ta Sy sparc64
.It Ta Matt Fredette                  Ta Mt             fredette Ta Sy sun2
.It Ta Matt Thomas                    Ta Mt                 matt Ta Sy alpha
.It Ta Matt Thomas                    Ta Mt                 matt Ta Sy netwinder
.It Ta Matthias Drochner              Ta Mt             drochner Ta Sy cesfic
.It Ta Michael Lorenz                 Ta Mt             macallan Ta Sy macppc
.It Ta NISHIMURA Takeshi              Ta Mt              nsmrtks Ta Sy x68k
.It Ta Nathan Williams                Ta Mt              nathanw Ta Sy sun3
.It Ta Nick Hudson                    Ta Mt                skrll Ta Sy hp700
.It Ta Noriyuki Soda                  Ta Mt                 soda Ta Sy arc
.It Ta Paul Kranenburg                Ta Mt                   pk Ta Sy sparc
.It Ta Phil Nelson                    Ta Mt                 phil Ta Sy pc532
.It Ta Reinoud Zandijk                Ta Mt              reinoud Ta Sy acorn32
.It Ta Ross Harvey                    Ta Mt                 ross Ta Sy alpha
.It Ta S\(/oren J\(/orvang            Ta Mt                soren Ta Sy sgimips
.It Ta Scott Reynolds                 Ta Mt               scottr Ta Sy mac68k
.It Ta Shin Takemura                  Ta Mt             takemura Ta Sy hpcmips
.It Ta Simon Burge                    Ta Mt               simonb Ta Sy evbmips
.It Ta Simon Burge                    Ta Mt               simonb Ta Sy pmax
.It Ta Simon Burge                    Ta Mt               simonb Ta Sy sbmips
.It Ta Steve Woodford                 Ta Mt                  scw Ta Sy evbppc
.It Ta Steve Woodford                 Ta Mt                  scw Ta Sy mvme68k
.It Ta Steve Woodford                 Ta Mt                  scw Ta Sy mvmeppc
.It Ta Takayoshi Kochi                Ta Mt                kochi Ta Sy ia64
.It Ta Tim Rightnour                  Ta Mt              garbled Ta Sy prep
.It Ta Tohru Nishimura                Ta Mt             nisimura Ta Sy luna68k
.It Ta Tohru Nishimura                Ta Mt             nisimura Ta Sy sandpoint
.It Ta UCHIYAMA Yasushi               Ta Mt                  uch Ta Sy hpcsh
.It Ta UCHIYAMA Yasushi               Ta Mt                  uch Ta Sy playstation2
.It Ta Wayne Knowles                  Ta Mt                  wdk Ta Sy mipsco
.It Ta Wolfgang Solfrank              Ta Mt                   ws Ta Sy ofppc
.It Ta Ta Ta
.
.br_ne 1i
.It Em "The NetBSD \*V Release Engineering team:"
.It Ta Ta
.It Ta Grant Beattie Ta Mt grant@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Manuel Bouyer Ta Mt bouyer@NetBSD.org
.It Ta David Brownlee Ta Mt abs@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Pavel Cahyna Ta Mt pavel@NetBSD.org
.It Ta James Chacon Ta Mt jmc@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Julian Coleman Ta Mt jdc@NetBSD.org
.It Ta H\(oavard Eidnes Ta Mt he@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Liam J. Foy Ta Mt liamjfoy@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Heasley Ta Mt heas@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Geert Hendrickx Ta Mt ghen@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Soren Jacobsen Ta Mt snj@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Daniel de Kok Ta Mt daniel@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Phil Nelson Ta Mt phil@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jeff Rizzo Ta Mt riz@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ta
.
.br_ne 2i
.It Em "NetBSD Developers:"
.It Ta Ta
.It Ta Nathan Ahlstrom Ta Mt nra@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Steve Allen Ta Mt wormey@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jukka Andberg Ta Mt jandberg@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Julian Assange Ta Mt proff@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Lennart Augustsson Ta Mt augustss@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Christoph Badura Ta Mt bad@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bang Jun-Young Ta Mt junyoung@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Dieter Baron Ta Mt dillo@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Robert V. Baron Ta Mt rvb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Alan Barrett Ta Mt apb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Grant Beattie Ta Mt grant@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jason Beegan Ta Mt jtb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Erik Berls Ta Mt cyber@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Hiroyuki Bessho Ta Mt bsh@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Birrell Ta Mt jb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Mason Loring Bliss Ta Mt mason@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Charles Blundell Ta Mt cb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Rafal Boni Ta Mt rafal@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Stephen Borrill Ta Mt sborrill@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Sean Boudreau Ta Mt seanb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Manuel Bouyer Ta Mt bouyer@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Brezak Ta Mt brezak@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Allen Briggs Ta Mt briggs@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Mark Brinicombe Ta Mt mark@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Aaron Brown Ta Mt abrown@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Andrew Brown Ta Mt atatat@NetBSD.org
.It Ta David Brownlee Ta Mt abs@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Frederick Bruckman Ta Mt fredb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jon Buller Ta Mt jonb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Simon Burge Ta Mt simonb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Robert Byrnes Ta Mt byrnes@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Pavel Cahyna Ta Mt pavel@NetBSD.org
.It Ta D'Arcy J.M. Cain Ta Mt darcy@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Dave Carrel Ta Mt carrel@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Daniel Carosone Ta Mt dan@NetBSD.org
.It Ta James Chacon Ta Mt jmc@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bill Coldwell Ta Mt billc@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Julian Coleman Ta Mt jdc@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ben Collver Ta Mt ben@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jeremy Cooper Ta Mt jeremy@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Chuck Cranor Ta Mt chuck@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Alistair Crooks Ta Mt agc@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Aidan Cully Ta Mt aidan@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Garrett D'Amore Ta Mt gdamore@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Johan Danielsson Ta Mt joda@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Darrow Ta Mt jdarrow@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jed Davis Ta Mt jld@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matt DeBergalis Ta Mt deberg@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Arnaud Degroote Ta Mt degroote@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Rob Deker Ta Mt deker@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Chris G. Demetriou Ta Mt cgd@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tracy Di Marco White Ta Mt gendalia@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jarom\('ir Dolecek Ta Mt jdolecek@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Andy Doran Ta Mt ad@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Roland Dowdeswell Ta Mt elric@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Emmanuel Dreyfus Ta Mt manu@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matthias Drochner Ta Mt drochner@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jun Ebihara Ta Mt jun@NetBSD.org
.It Ta H\(oavard Eidnes Ta Mt he@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Stoned Elipot Ta Mt seb@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Michael van Elst Ta Mt mlelstv@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Enami Tsugutomo Ta Mt enami@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bernd Ernesti Ta Mt veego@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Erik Fair Ta Mt fair@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Gavan Fantom Ta Mt gavan@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Hauke Fath Ta Mt hauke@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Hubert Feyrer Ta Mt hubertf@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jason R. Fink Ta Mt jrf@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matt J. Fleming Ta Mt mjf@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Liam J. Foy Ta Mt liamjfoy@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matt Fredette Ta Mt fredette@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Thorsten Frueauf Ta Mt frueauf@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Castor Fu Ta Mt castor@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ichiro Fukuhara Ta Mt ichiro@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Quentin Garnier Ta Mt cube@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Thomas Gerner Ta Mt thomas@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Simon J. Gerraty Ta Mt sjg@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Justin Gibbs Ta Mt gibbs@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Chris Gilbert Ta Mt chris@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Eric Gillespie Ta Mt epg@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Adam Glass Ta Mt glass@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Michael Graff Ta Mt explorer@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Brian C. Grayson Ta Mt bgrayson@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matthew Green Ta Mt mrg@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Andreas Gustafsson Ta Mt gson@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino Ta Mt itojun@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Juergen Hannken-Illjes Ta Mt hannken@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Charles M. Hannum Ta Mt mycroft@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ben Harris Ta Mt bjh21@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ross Harvey Ta Mt ross@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Eric Haszlakiewicz Ta Mt erh@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Hawkinson Ta Mt jhawk@NetBSD.org
.It Ta HAMAJIMA Katsuomi Ta Mt hamajima@NetBSD.org
.It Ta HAYAKAWA Koichi Ta Mt haya@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Heasley Ta Mt heas@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Geert Hendrickx Ta Mt ghen@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ren\('e Hexel Ta Mt rh@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Iain Hibbert Ta Mt plunky@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Kouichirou Hiratsuka Ta Mt hira@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Michael L. Hitch Ta Mt mhitch@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jachym Holecek Ta Mt freza@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Christian E. Hopps Ta Mt chopps@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ken Hornstein Ta Mt kenh@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Marc Horowitz Ta Mt marc@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Eduardo Horvath Ta Mt eeh@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Nick Hudson Ta Mt skrll@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Shell Hung Ta Mt shell@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Martin Husemann Ta Mt martin@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Dean Huxley Ta Mt dean@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Love H\(:ornquist \(oAstrand Ta Mt lha@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bernardo Innocenti Ta Mt bernie@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tetsuya Isaki Ta Mt isaki@NetBSD.org
.It Ta ITOH Yasufumi Ta Mt itohy@NetBSD.org
.It Ta IWAMOTO Toshihiro Ta Mt toshii@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matthew Jacob Ta Mt mjacob@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Soren Jacobsen Ta Mt snj@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Lonhyn T. Jasinskyj Ta Mt lonhyn@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Darrin Jewell Ta Mt dbj@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Nicolas Joly Ta Mt njoly@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Chris Jones Ta Mt cjones@NetBSD.org
.It Ta S\(/oren J\(/orvang Ta Mt soren@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Takahiro Kambe Ta Mt taca@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Antti Kantee Ta Mt pooka@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Masanori Kanaoka Ta Mt kanaoka@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Frank Kardel Ta Mt kardel@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Mattias Karlsson Ta Mt keihan@NetBSD.org
.It Ta KAWAMOTO Yosihisa Ta Mt kawamoto@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Mario Kemper Ta Mt magick@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Min Sik Kim Ta Mt minskim@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Thomas Klausner Ta Mt wiz@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Klaus Klein Ta Mt kleink@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Klos Ta Mt jklos@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Wayne Knowles Ta Mt wdk@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Takayoshi Kochi Ta Mt kochi@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Kohl Ta Mt jtk@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Daniel de Kok Ta Mt daniel@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Paul Kranenburg Ta Mt pk@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Lubomir Kundrak Ta Mt lkundrak@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Martti Kuparinen Ta Mt martti@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Kentaro A. Kurahone Ta Mt kurahone@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Kevin Lahey Ta Mt kml@NetBSD.org
.It Ta David Laight Ta Mt dsl@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Johnny C. Lam Ta Mt jlam@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Martin J. Laubach Ta Mt mjl@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Greg Lehey Ta Mt grog@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ted Lemon Ta Mt mellon@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Christian Limpach Ta Mt cl@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Frank van der Linden Ta Mt fvdl@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Joel Lindholm Ta Mt joel@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Mike Long Ta Mt mikel@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Michael Lorenz Ta Mt macallan@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Warner Losh Ta Mt imp@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tomasz Luchowski Ta Mt zuntum@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Federico Lupi Ta Mt federico@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Brett Lymn Ta Mt blymn@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Paul Mackerras Ta Mt paulus@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Anders Magnusson Ta Mt ragge@NetBSD.org
.It Ta MAEKAWA Masahide Ta Mt gehenna@NetBSD.org
.It Ta David Maxwell Ta Mt david@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Dan McMahill Ta Mt dmcmahill@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Gregory McGarry Ta Mt gmcgarry@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jared D. McNeill Ta Mt jmcneill@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Neil J. McRae Ta Mt neil@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Perry Metzger Ta Mt perry@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Simas Mockevicius Ta Mt symka@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Juan Romero Pardines Ta Mt xtraeme@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Julio M. Merino Vidal Ta Mt jmmv@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Minoura Makoto Ta Mt minoura@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Luke Mewburn Ta Mt lukem@NetBSD.org
.It Ta der Mouse Ta Mt mouse@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Joseph Myers Ta Mt jsm@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ken Nakata Ta Mt kenn@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Takeshi Nakayama Ta Mt nakayama@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Phil Nelson Ta Mt phil@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Nemeth Ta Mt jnemeth@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bob Nestor Ta Mt rnestor@NetBSD.org
.It Ta NISHIMURA Takeshi Ta Mt nsmrtks@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tohru Nishimura Ta Mt nisimura@NetBSD.org
.It Ta NONAKA Kimihiro Ta Mt nonaka@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Takehiko NOZAKI Ta Mt tnozaki@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tobias Nygren Ta Mt tnn@NetBSD.org
.It Ta OBATA Akio Ta Mt obache@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jesse Off Ta Mt joff@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tatoku Ogaito Ta Mt tacha@NetBSD.org
.It Ta OKANO Takayoshi Ta Mt kano@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Masaru Oki Ta Mt oki@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Atsushi Onoe Ta Mt onoe@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Greg Oster Ta Mt oster@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jonathan Perkin Ta Mt sketch@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Herb Peyerl Ta Mt hpeyerl@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matthias Pfaller Ta Mt matthias@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Chris Pinnock Ta Mt cjep@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Adrian Portelli Ta Mt adrianp@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Rui Paulo Ta Mt rpaulo@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Peter Postma Ta Mt peter@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Dante Profeta Ta Mt dante@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Chris Provenzano Ta Mt proven@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Niels Provos Ta Mt provos@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Mindaugas Rasiukevicius Ta Mt rmind@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Michael Rauch Ta Mt mrauch@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Marc Recht Ta Mt recht@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Darren Reed Ta Mt darrenr@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jeremy C. Reed Ta Mt reed@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Antoine Reilles Ta Mt tonio@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tyler R. Retzlaff Ta Mt rtr@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Scott Reynolds Ta Mt scottr@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Michael Richardson Ta Mt mcr@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tim Rightnour Ta Mt garbled@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Alan Ritter Ta Mt rittera@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jeff Rizzo Ta Mt riz@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Gordon Ross Ta Mt gwr@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Steve Rumble Ta Mt rumble@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ilpo Ruotsalainen Ta Mt lonewolf@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Heiko W. Rupp Ta Mt hwr@NetBSD.org
.It Ta David Sainty Ta Mt dsainty@NetBSD.org
.It Ta SAITOH Masanobu Ta Mt msaitoh@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Kazuki Sakamoto Ta Mt sakamoto@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Curt Sampson Ta Mt cjs@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Wilfredo Sanchez Ta Mt wsanchez@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ty Sarna Ta Mt tsarna@NetBSD.org
.It Ta SATO Kazumi Ta Mt sato@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jan Schaumann Ta Mt jschauma@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matthias Scheler Ta Mt tron@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Karl Schilke (rAT) Ta Mt rat@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Amitai Schlair Ta Mt schmonz@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Konrad Schroder Ta Mt perseant@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Georg Schwarz Ta Mt schwarz@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Lubomir Sedlacik Ta Mt salo@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Christopher SEKIYA Ta Mt sekiya@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Reed Shadgett Ta Mt dent@NetBSD.org
.It Ta John Shannon Ta Mt shannonjr@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tim Shepard Ta Mt shep@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Takeshi Shibagaki Ta Mt shiba@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Naoto Shimazaki Ta Mt igy@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Takao Shinohara Ta Mt shin@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Takuya SHIOZAKI Ta Mt tshiozak@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Daniel Sieger Ta Mt dsieger@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Chuck Silvers Ta Mt chs@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Thor Lancelot Simon Ta Mt tls@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jeff Smith Ta Mt jeffs@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Noriyuki Soda Ta Mt soda@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Wolfgang Solfrank Ta Mt ws@NetBSD.org
.It Ta T K Spindler Ta Mt dogcow@NetBSD.org
.It Ta SOMEYA Yoshihiko Ta Mt someya@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bill Sommerfeld Ta Mt sommerfeld@NetBSD.org
.It Ta J\(:org Sonnenberger Ta Mt joerg@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ignatios Souvatzis Ta Mt is@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bill Squier Ta Mt groo@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jonathan Stone Ta Mt jonathan@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Bill Studenmund Ta Mt wrstuden@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Kevin Sullivan Ta Mt sullivan@NetBSD.org
.It Ta SUNAGAWA Keiki Ta Mt kei@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Kimmo Suominen Ta Mt kim@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Shin Takemura Ta Mt takemura@NetBSD.org
.It Ta TAMURA Kent Ta Mt kent@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Shin'ichiro TAYA Ta Mt taya@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ian Lance Taylor Ta Mt ian@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Matt Thomas Ta Mt matt@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jason Thorpe Ta Mt thorpej@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Christoph Toshok Ta Mt toshok@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Greg Troxel Ta Mt gdt@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Tsubai Masanari Ta Mt tsubai@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Izumi Tsutsui Ta Mt tsutsui@NetBSD.org
.It Ta UCHIYAMA Yasushi Ta Mt uch@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Masao Uebayashi Ta Mt uebayasi@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Shuichiro URATA Ta Mt ur@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Valeriy E. Ushakov Ta Mt uwe@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Todd Vierling Ta Mt tv@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Aymeric Vincent Ta Mt aymeric@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Paul Vixie Ta Mt vixie@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Mike M. Volokhov Ta Mt mishka@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Krister Walfridsson Ta Mt kristerw@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Lex Wennmacher Ta Mt wennmach@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Leo Weppelman Ta Mt leo@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Assar Westerlund Ta Mt assar@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Todd Whitesel Ta Mt toddpw@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Nathan Williams Ta Mt nathanw@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Rob Windsor Ta Mt windsor@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Dan Winship Ta Mt danw@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Arnaud Lacombe Ta Mt alc@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Jim Wise Ta Mt jwise@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Michael Wolfson Ta Mt mbw@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Steve Woodford Ta Mt scw@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Colin Wood Ta Mt ender@NetBSD.org
.It Ta YAMAMOTO Takashi Ta Mt yamt@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Yuji Yamano Ta Mt yyamano@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Reinoud Zandijk Ta Mt reinoud@NetBSD.org
.It Ta S.P.Zeidler Ta Mt spz@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Maria Zevenhoven Ta Mt maria7@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Christos Zoulas Ta Mt christos@NetBSD.org
.It Ta Ta
.
.br_ne 2i
.It Em "Other contributors:"
.It Ta Ta
.It Ta Dave Burgess Ta Mt burgess@cynjut.infonet.net
.It Ta Brian R. Gaeke Ta Mt brg@dgate.org
.It Ta Brad Grantham Ta Mt grantham@tenon.com
.It Ta Lawrence Kesteloot Ta Mt kesteloo@cs.unc.edu
.It Ta Waldi Ravens Ta Mt waldi@moacs.indiv.nl.net
.
.El
.
.Ss "Legal Mumbo-Jumbo"
.Pp
.
All product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective owners.
.Pp
The following notices are required to satisfy the license terms of
the software that we have mentioned in this document:
.Pp
.nr save_size \n[.s]
.nr save_vs \n[.v]
.ps 8
.vs 9
.Ht <font size=-1>
.(item -compact
.so ../common/legal.common -----------------------------------------------
.so legal -----------------------------------------------
.item)
.Ht </font>
.ps
.vs
.Ss "The End"