Annotation of src/crypto/external/bsd/openssh/dist/sftp.1, Revision 1.1.1.19
1.1.1.19! christos 1: .\" $OpenBSD: sftp.1,v 1.137 2021/02/12 03:49:09 djm Exp $
1.1 christos 2: .\"
3: .\" Copyright (c) 2001 Damien Miller. All rights reserved.
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5: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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1.1.1.19! christos 25: .Dd $Mdocdate: February 12 2021 $
1.1 christos 26: .Dt SFTP 1
27: .Os
28: .Sh NAME
29: .Nm sftp
1.1.1.16 christos 30: .Nd OpenSSH secure file transfer
1.1 christos 31: .Sh SYNOPSIS
32: .Nm sftp
1.1.1.18 christos 33: .Op Fl 46AaCfNpqrv
1.1 christos 34: .Op Fl B Ar buffer_size
35: .Op Fl b Ar batchfile
1.1.1.2 adam 36: .Op Fl c Ar cipher
37: .Op Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
1.1 christos 38: .Op Fl F Ar ssh_config
1.1.1.2 adam 39: .Op Fl i Ar identity_file
1.1.1.14 christos 40: .Op Fl J Ar destination
1.1.1.3 christos 41: .Op Fl l Ar limit
1.1 christos 42: .Op Fl o Ar ssh_option
1.1.1.2 adam 43: .Op Fl P Ar port
1.1 christos 44: .Op Fl R Ar num_requests
45: .Op Fl S Ar program
46: .Op Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
1.1.1.12 christos 47: .Ar destination
1.1 christos 48: .Sh DESCRIPTION
49: .Nm
1.1.1.12 christos 50: is a file transfer program, similar to
1.1 christos 51: .Xr ftp 1 ,
52: which performs all operations over an encrypted
53: .Xr ssh 1
54: transport.
55: It may also use many features of ssh, such as public key authentication and
56: compression.
57: .Pp
1.1.1.12 christos 58: The
59: .Ar destination
60: may be specified either as
61: .Sm off
62: .Oo user @ Oc host Op : path
63: .Sm on
64: or as a URI in the form
65: .Sm off
66: .No sftp:// Oo user @ Oc host Oo : port Oc Op / path .
67: .Sm on
68: .Pp
69: If the
70: .Ar destination
71: includes a
72: .Ar path
73: and it is not a directory,
74: .Nm
75: will retrieve files automatically if a non-interactive
1.1 christos 76: authentication method is used; otherwise it will do so after
77: successful interactive authentication.
78: .Pp
1.1.1.12 christos 79: If no
80: .Ar path
81: is specified, or if the
82: .Ar path
83: is a directory,
1.1 christos 84: .Nm
1.1.1.12 christos 85: will log in to the specified
86: .Ar host
87: and enter interactive command mode, changing to the remote directory
88: if one was specified.
89: An optional trailing slash can be used to force the
90: .Ar path
91: to be interpreted as a directory.
92: .Pp
93: Since the destination formats use colon characters to delimit host
94: names from path names or port numbers, IPv6 addresses must be
95: enclosed in square brackets to avoid ambiguity.
1.1.1.4 christos 96: .Pp
1.1 christos 97: The options are as follows:
98: .Bl -tag -width Ds
1.1.1.2 adam 99: .It Fl 4
100: Forces
101: .Nm
102: to use IPv4 addresses only.
103: .It Fl 6
104: Forces
105: .Nm
106: to use IPv6 addresses only.
1.1.1.18 christos 107: .It Fl A
108: Allows forwarding of
109: .Xr ssh-agent 1
110: to the remote system.
111: The default is not to forward an authentication agent.
1.1.1.7 christos 112: .It Fl a
113: Attempt to continue interrupted transfers rather than overwriting
114: existing partial or complete copies of files.
115: If the partial contents differ from those being transferred,
116: then the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
1.1 christos 117: .It Fl B Ar buffer_size
118: Specify the size of the buffer that
119: .Nm
120: uses when transferring files.
121: Larger buffers require fewer round trips at the cost of higher
122: memory consumption.
123: The default is 32768 bytes.
124: .It Fl b Ar batchfile
125: Batch mode reads a series of commands from an input
126: .Ar batchfile
127: instead of
128: .Em stdin .
129: Since it lacks user interaction it should be used in conjunction with
1.1.1.12 christos 130: non-interactive authentication to obviate the need to enter a password
131: at connection time (see
132: .Xr sshd 8
133: and
134: .Xr ssh-keygen 1
135: for details).
1.1.1.14 christos 136: .Pp
1.1 christos 137: A
138: .Ar batchfile
139: of
140: .Sq \-
141: may be used to indicate standard input.
142: .Nm
143: will abort if any of the following
144: commands fail:
1.1.1.14 christos 145: .Ic get , put , reget , reput , rename , ln ,
1.1 christos 146: .Ic rm , mkdir , chdir , ls ,
147: .Ic lchdir , chmod , chown ,
1.1.1.3 christos 148: .Ic chgrp , lpwd , df , symlink ,
1.1 christos 149: and
150: .Ic lmkdir .
1.1.1.14 christos 151: .Pp
1.1 christos 152: Termination on error can be suppressed on a command by command basis by
153: prefixing the command with a
154: .Sq \-
155: character (for example,
156: .Ic -rm /tmp/blah* ) .
1.1.1.14 christos 157: Echo of the command may be suppressed by prefixing the command with a
158: .Sq @
159: character.
160: These two prefixes may be combined in any order, for example
161: .Ic -@ls /bsd .
1.1 christos 162: .It Fl C
163: Enables compression (via ssh's
164: .Fl C
165: flag).
1.1.1.2 adam 166: .It Fl c Ar cipher
167: Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfers.
168: This option is directly passed to
169: .Xr ssh 1 .
170: .It Fl D Ar sftp_server_path
171: Connect directly to a local sftp server
172: (rather than via
173: .Xr ssh 1 ) .
174: This option may be useful in debugging the client and server.
1.1 christos 175: .It Fl F Ar ssh_config
176: Specifies an alternative
177: per-user configuration file for
178: .Xr ssh 1 .
179: This option is directly passed to
180: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.1.1.7 christos 181: .It Fl f
182: Requests that files be flushed to disk immediately after transfer.
183: When uploading files, this feature is only enabled if the server
184: implements the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
1.1.1.2 adam 185: .It Fl i Ar identity_file
186: Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for public key
187: authentication is read.
188: This option is directly passed to
189: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.1.1.14 christos 190: .It Fl J Ar destination
191: Connect to the target host by first making an
192: .Nm
193: connection to the jump host described by
194: .Ar destination
195: and then establishing a TCP forwarding to the ultimate destination from
196: there.
197: Multiple jump hops may be specified separated by comma characters.
198: This is a shortcut to specify a
199: .Cm ProxyJump
200: configuration directive.
201: This option is directly passed to
202: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.1.1.3 christos 203: .It Fl l Ar limit
204: Limits the used bandwidth, specified in Kbit/s.
1.1.1.17 christos 205: .It Fl N
206: Disables quiet mode, e.g. to override the implicit quiet mode set by the
207: .Fl b
208: flag.
1.1 christos 209: .It Fl o Ar ssh_option
210: Can be used to pass options to
211: .Nm ssh
212: in the format used in
213: .Xr ssh_config 5 .
214: This is useful for specifying options
215: for which there is no separate
216: .Nm sftp
217: command-line flag.
218: For example, to specify an alternate port use:
219: .Ic sftp -oPort=24 .
220: For full details of the options listed below, and their possible values, see
221: .Xr ssh_config 5 .
222: .Pp
223: .Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
224: .It AddressFamily
225: .It BatchMode
226: .It BindAddress
1.1.1.12 christos 227: .It BindInterface
1.1.1.7 christos 228: .It CanonicalDomains
229: .It CanonicalizeFallbackLocal
230: .It CanonicalizeHostname
231: .It CanonicalizeMaxDots
232: .It CanonicalizePermittedCNAMEs
1.1.1.14 christos 233: .It CASignatureAlgorithms
1.1.1.9 christos 234: .It CertificateFile
1.1 christos 235: .It ChallengeResponseAuthentication
236: .It CheckHostIP
237: .It Ciphers
238: .It Compression
239: .It ConnectionAttempts
240: .It ConnectTimeout
241: .It ControlMaster
242: .It ControlPath
1.1.1.5 christos 243: .It ControlPersist
1.1 christos 244: .It GlobalKnownHostsFile
245: .It GSSAPIAuthentication
246: .It GSSAPIDelegateCredentials
247: .It HashKnownHosts
248: .It Host
1.1.1.19! christos 249: .It HostbasedAcceptedAlgorithms
1.1 christos 250: .It HostbasedAuthentication
251: .It HostKeyAlgorithms
252: .It HostKeyAlias
1.1.1.15 christos 253: .It Hostname
1.1 christos 254: .It IdentitiesOnly
1.1.1.10 christos 255: .It IdentityAgent
256: .It IdentityFile
1.1.1.3 christos 257: .It IPQoS
1.1.1.5 christos 258: .It KbdInteractiveAuthentication
1.1 christos 259: .It KbdInteractiveDevices
1.1.1.3 christos 260: .It KexAlgorithms
1.1.1.19! christos 261: .It KnownHostsCommand
1.1 christos 262: .It LogLevel
263: .It MACs
264: .It NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost
265: .It NumberOfPasswordPrompts
266: .It PasswordAuthentication
1.1.1.2 adam 267: .It PKCS11Provider
1.1 christos 268: .It Port
269: .It PreferredAuthentications
270: .It ProxyCommand
1.1.1.10 christos 271: .It ProxyJump
1.1.1.19! christos 272: .It PubkeyAcceptedAlgorithms
1.1 christos 273: .It PubkeyAuthentication
274: .It RekeyLimit
275: .It SendEnv
276: .It ServerAliveInterval
277: .It ServerAliveCountMax
1.1.1.13 christos 278: .It SetEnv
1.1 christos 279: .It StrictHostKeyChecking
280: .It TCPKeepAlive
1.1.1.8 christos 281: .It UpdateHostKeys
1.1 christos 282: .It User
283: .It UserKnownHostsFile
284: .It VerifyHostKeyDNS
285: .El
1.1.1.2 adam 286: .It Fl P Ar port
287: Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host.
288: .It Fl p
289: Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the
290: original files transferred.
291: .It Fl q
292: Quiet mode: disables the progress meter as well as warning and
293: diagnostic messages from
294: .Xr ssh 1 .
1.1 christos 295: .It Fl R Ar num_requests
296: Specify how many requests may be outstanding at any one time.
297: Increasing this may slightly improve file transfer speed
298: but will increase memory usage.
299: The default is 64 outstanding requests.
1.1.1.2 adam 300: .It Fl r
301: Recursively copy entire directories when uploading and downloading.
302: Note that
303: .Nm
304: does not follow symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal.
1.1 christos 305: .It Fl S Ar program
306: Name of the
307: .Ar program
308: to use for the encrypted connection.
309: The program must understand
310: .Xr ssh 1
311: options.
312: .It Fl s Ar subsystem | sftp_server
313: Specifies the SSH2 subsystem or the path for an sftp server
314: on the remote host.
1.1.1.11 christos 315: A path is useful when the remote
1.1 christos 316: .Xr sshd 8
317: does not have an sftp subsystem configured.
318: .It Fl v
319: Raise logging level.
320: This option is also passed to ssh.
321: .El
322: .Sh INTERACTIVE COMMANDS
323: Once in interactive mode,
324: .Nm
325: understands a set of commands similar to those of
326: .Xr ftp 1 .
327: Commands are case insensitive.
328: Pathnames that contain spaces must be enclosed in quotes.
329: Any special characters contained within pathnames that are recognized by
330: .Xr glob 3
331: must be escaped with backslashes
332: .Pq Sq \e .
333: .Bl -tag -width Ds
334: .It Ic bye
335: Quit
336: .Nm sftp .
1.1.1.12 christos 337: .It Ic cd Op Ar path
1.1 christos 338: Change remote directory to
339: .Ar path .
1.1.1.12 christos 340: If
341: .Ar path
342: is not specified, then change directory to the one the session started in.
1.1.1.14 christos 343: .It Xo Ic chgrp
344: .Op Fl h
345: .Ar grp
346: .Ar path
347: .Xc
1.1 christos 348: Change group of file
349: .Ar path
350: to
351: .Ar grp .
352: .Ar path
353: may contain
1.1.1.13 christos 354: .Xr glob 7
1.1 christos 355: characters and may match multiple files.
356: .Ar grp
357: must be a numeric GID.
1.1.1.19! christos 358: .Pp
! 359: If the
! 360: .Fl h
! 361: flag is specified, then symlinks will not be followed.
! 362: Note that this is only supported by servers that implement
! 363: the "lsetstat@openssh.com" extension.
1.1.1.14 christos 364: .It Xo Ic chmod
365: .Op Fl h
366: .Ar mode
367: .Ar path
368: .Xc
1.1 christos 369: Change permissions of file
370: .Ar path
371: to
372: .Ar mode .
373: .Ar path
374: may contain
1.1.1.13 christos 375: .Xr glob 7
1.1 christos 376: characters and may match multiple files.
1.1.1.19! christos 377: .Pp
! 378: If the
! 379: .Fl h
! 380: flag is specified, then symlinks will not be followed.
! 381: Note that this is only supported by servers that implement
! 382: the "lsetstat@openssh.com" extension.
1.1.1.14 christos 383: .It Xo Ic chown
384: .Op Fl h
385: .Ar own
386: .Ar path
387: .Xc
1.1 christos 388: Change owner of file
389: .Ar path
390: to
391: .Ar own .
392: .Ar path
393: may contain
1.1.1.13 christos 394: .Xr glob 7
1.1 christos 395: characters and may match multiple files.
396: .Ar own
397: must be a numeric UID.
1.1.1.19! christos 398: .Pp
! 399: If the
! 400: .Fl h
! 401: flag is specified, then symlinks will not be followed.
! 402: Note that this is only supported by servers that implement
! 403: the "lsetstat@openssh.com" extension.
1.1 christos 404: .It Xo Ic df
405: .Op Fl hi
406: .Op Ar path
407: .Xc
408: Display usage information for the filesystem holding the current directory
409: (or
410: .Ar path
411: if specified).
412: If the
413: .Fl h
414: flag is specified, the capacity information will be displayed using
415: "human-readable" suffixes.
416: The
417: .Fl i
418: flag requests display of inode information in addition to capacity information.
419: This command is only supported on servers that implement the
420: .Dq statvfs@openssh.com
421: extension.
422: .It Ic exit
423: Quit
424: .Nm sftp .
425: .It Xo Ic get
1.1.1.15 christos 426: .Op Fl afpR
1.1 christos 427: .Ar remote-path
428: .Op Ar local-path
429: .Xc
430: Retrieve the
431: .Ar remote-path
432: and store it on the local machine.
433: If the local
434: path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the
435: remote machine.
436: .Ar remote-path
437: may contain
1.1.1.13 christos 438: .Xr glob 7
1.1 christos 439: characters and may match multiple files.
440: If it does and
441: .Ar local-path
442: is specified, then
443: .Ar local-path
444: must specify a directory.
1.1.1.2 adam 445: .Pp
1.1.1.6 christos 446: If the
447: .Fl a
448: flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial transfers of existing files.
449: Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the local file matches
450: the remote copy.
1.1.1.7 christos 451: If the remote file contents differ from the partial local copy then the
452: resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
453: .Pp
454: If the
455: .Fl f
456: flag is specified, then
457: .Xr fsync 2
458: will be called after the file transfer has completed to flush the file
459: to disk.
1.1.1.6 christos 460: .Pp
1.1.1.15 christos 461: If the
1.1.1.2 adam 462: .Fl p
1.1.1.15 christos 463: .\" undocumented redundant alias
464: .\" or
465: .\" .Fl P
1.1 christos 466: flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
467: copied too.
1.1.1.2 adam 468: .Pp
469: If the
1.1.1.15 christos 470: .Fl R
471: .\" undocumented redundant alias
472: .\" or
473: .\" .Fl r
1.1.1.2 adam 474: flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
475: Note that
476: .Nm
477: does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
1.1 christos 478: .It Ic help
479: Display help text.
1.1.1.12 christos 480: .It Ic lcd Op Ar path
1.1 christos 481: Change local directory to
482: .Ar path .
1.1.1.12 christos 483: If
484: .Ar path
485: is not specified, then change directory to the local user's home directory.
1.1 christos 486: .It Ic lls Op Ar ls-options Op Ar path
487: Display local directory listing of either
488: .Ar path
489: or current directory if
490: .Ar path
491: is not specified.
492: .Ar ls-options
493: may contain any flags supported by the local system's
494: .Xr ls 1
495: command.
496: .Ar path
497: may contain
1.1.1.13 christos 498: .Xr glob 7
1.1 christos 499: characters and may match multiple files.
500: .It Ic lmkdir Ar path
501: Create local directory specified by
502: .Ar path .
1.1.1.3 christos 503: .It Xo Ic ln
504: .Op Fl s
505: .Ar oldpath
506: .Ar newpath
507: .Xc
508: Create a link from
1.1 christos 509: .Ar oldpath
510: to
511: .Ar newpath .
1.1.1.3 christos 512: If the
513: .Fl s
514: flag is specified the created link is a symbolic link, otherwise it is
515: a hard link.
1.1 christos 516: .It Ic lpwd
517: Print local working directory.
518: .It Xo Ic ls
1.1.1.2 adam 519: .Op Fl 1afhlnrSt
1.1 christos 520: .Op Ar path
521: .Xc
522: Display a remote directory listing of either
523: .Ar path
524: or the current directory if
525: .Ar path
526: is not specified.
527: .Ar path
528: may contain
1.1.1.13 christos 529: .Xr glob 7
1.1 christos 530: characters and may match multiple files.
531: .Pp
532: The following flags are recognized and alter the behaviour of
533: .Ic ls
534: accordingly:
535: .Bl -tag -width Ds
536: .It Fl 1
537: Produce single columnar output.
538: .It Fl a
539: List files beginning with a dot
540: .Pq Sq \&. .
541: .It Fl f
542: Do not sort the listing.
543: The default sort order is lexicographical.
1.1.1.2 adam 544: .It Fl h
545: When used with a long format option, use unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte,
546: Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte, and Exabyte in order to reduce
547: the number of digits to four or fewer using powers of 2 for sizes (K=1024,
548: M=1048576, etc.).
1.1 christos 549: .It Fl l
550: Display additional details including permissions
551: and ownership information.
552: .It Fl n
553: Produce a long listing with user and group information presented
554: numerically.
555: .It Fl r
556: Reverse the sort order of the listing.
557: .It Fl S
558: Sort the listing by file size.
559: .It Fl t
560: Sort the listing by last modification time.
561: .El
562: .It Ic lumask Ar umask
563: Set local umask to
564: .Ar umask .
565: .It Ic mkdir Ar path
566: Create remote directory specified by
567: .Ar path .
568: .It Ic progress
569: Toggle display of progress meter.
570: .It Xo Ic put
1.1.1.15 christos 571: .Op Fl afpR
1.1 christos 572: .Ar local-path
573: .Op Ar remote-path
574: .Xc
575: Upload
576: .Ar local-path
577: and store it on the remote machine.
578: If the remote path name is not specified, it is given the same name it has
579: on the local machine.
580: .Ar local-path
581: may contain
1.1.1.13 christos 582: .Xr glob 7
1.1 christos 583: characters and may match multiple files.
584: If it does and
585: .Ar remote-path
586: is specified, then
587: .Ar remote-path
588: must specify a directory.
1.1.1.2 adam 589: .Pp
1.1.1.7 christos 590: If the
591: .Fl a
592: flag is specified, then attempt to resume partial
593: transfers of existing files.
594: Note that resumption assumes that any partial copy of the remote file
595: matches the local copy.
596: If the local file contents differ from the remote local copy then
597: the resultant file is likely to be corrupt.
598: .Pp
599: If the
600: .Fl f
601: flag is specified, then a request will be sent to the server to call
602: .Xr fsync 2
603: after the file has been transferred.
604: Note that this is only supported by servers that implement
605: the "fsync@openssh.com" extension.
606: .Pp
1.1.1.15 christos 607: If the
1.1.1.2 adam 608: .Fl p
1.1.1.15 christos 609: .\" undocumented redundant alias
610: .\" or
611: .\" .Fl P
1.1.1.2 adam 612: flag is specified, then full file permissions and access times are
1.1 christos 613: copied too.
1.1.1.2 adam 614: .Pp
615: If the
1.1.1.15 christos 616: .Fl R
617: .\" undocumented redundant alias
618: .\" or
619: .\" .Fl r
1.1.1.2 adam 620: flag is specified then directories will be copied recursively.
621: Note that
622: .Nm
623: does not follow symbolic links when performing recursive transfers.
1.1 christos 624: .It Ic pwd
625: Display remote working directory.
626: .It Ic quit
627: Quit
628: .Nm sftp .
1.1.1.6 christos 629: .It Xo Ic reget
1.1.1.15 christos 630: .Op Fl fpR
1.1.1.6 christos 631: .Ar remote-path
632: .Op Ar local-path
633: .Xc
634: Resume download of
635: .Ar remote-path .
636: Equivalent to
637: .Ic get
638: with the
639: .Fl a
640: flag set.
1.1.1.7 christos 641: .It Xo Ic reput
1.1.1.15 christos 642: .Op Fl fpR
643: .Ar local-path
644: .Op Ar remote-path
1.1.1.7 christos 645: .Xc
646: Resume upload of
1.1.1.15 christos 647: .Ar local-path .
1.1.1.7 christos 648: Equivalent to
649: .Ic put
650: with the
651: .Fl a
652: flag set.
1.1.1.17 christos 653: .It Ic rename Ar oldpath newpath
1.1 christos 654: Rename remote file from
655: .Ar oldpath
656: to
657: .Ar newpath .
658: .It Ic rm Ar path
659: Delete remote file specified by
660: .Ar path .
661: .It Ic rmdir Ar path
662: Remove remote directory specified by
663: .Ar path .
1.1.1.17 christos 664: .It Ic symlink Ar oldpath newpath
1.1 christos 665: Create a symbolic link from
666: .Ar oldpath
667: to
668: .Ar newpath .
669: .It Ic version
670: Display the
671: .Nm
672: protocol version.
673: .It Ic \&! Ns Ar command
674: Execute
675: .Ar command
676: in local shell.
677: .It Ic \&!
678: Escape to local shell.
679: .It Ic \&?
680: Synonym for help.
681: .El
682: .Sh SEE ALSO
683: .Xr ftp 1 ,
684: .Xr ls 1 ,
685: .Xr scp 1 ,
686: .Xr ssh 1 ,
687: .Xr ssh-add 1 ,
688: .Xr ssh-keygen 1 ,
689: .Xr ssh_config 5 ,
1.1.1.13 christos 690: .Xr glob 7 ,
1.1 christos 691: .Xr sftp-server 8 ,
692: .Xr sshd 8
693: .Rs
694: .%A T. Ylonen
695: .%A S. Lehtinen
696: .%T "SSH File Transfer Protocol"
697: .%N draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-00.txt
698: .%D January 2001
699: .%O work in progress material
700: .Re
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