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1.1       tv          1: BUILDING(8)             NetBSD System Manager's Manual             BUILDING(8)
                      2: 
                      3: NAME
                      4:      BUILDING - Procedure for building NetBSD from source code.
                      5: 
                      6: STATUS
                      7:      This document is a work-in-progress.  As such, the information described
                      8:      here may not match the reality of the build system as of this writing.
                      9:      Once this document is completely in sync with reality, this paragraph
                     10:      will be removed.
                     11: 
                     12:      Discrepancies between this documentation and the current reality of im-
                     13:      plementation are noted specially, as with the note below:
                     14: 
                     15:      Note: This document applies only to platforms which use the new toolchain
                     16:      as indicated by the setting of USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN in /etc/mk.conf or
                     17:      <bsd.own.mk>.  Platforms which have not yet been switched to the new
                     18:      toolchain should continue building traditionally, using the notes speci-
                     19:      fied in the file UPDATING.
                     20: 
                     21: REQUIREMENTS
                     22:      NetBSD is designed to be buildable on most POSIX-compliant host systems.
                     23:      The basic build procedure is the same whether compiling natively (on the
                     24:      same NetBSD architecture) or cross compiling (on another architecture or
                     25:      OS).
                     26: 
                     27:      This source tree contains a special subtree, ``tools'', which uses the
                     28:      host system to create a build toolchain for the target architecture.  The
                     29:      host system must have at least C and C++ compilers in order to create the
                     30:      toolchain (make is not required); all other tools are created as part of
                     31:      the NetBSD build process.
                     32: 
                     33:            Note: A couple host toolchain components are not yet available in
                     34:            the tools directory.  Also, some tools use non-POSIX, non-ANSI C
                     35:            extensions and need to be standardized.  As a result, cross-compil-
                     36:            ing from systems other than NetBSD is not currently supported.
                     37: 
                     38: FILES
                     39:    Source tree layout
                     40: 
1.2       tv         41:      BUILDING.mdoc  This document (in -mdoc troff format; the original copy).
1.1       tv         42: 
1.2       tv         43:      BUILDING.html  This document (in formatted HTML).
                     44: 
                     45:      BUILDING.txt   This document (in plaintext).
1.1       tv         46: 
                     47:      Makefile       The main Makefile for NetBSD; should only be run for na-
                     48:                     tive builds with an appropriately up-to-date version of
                     49:                     NetBSD make(1).  (For building from out-of-date systems or
                     50:                     on a non-native host, see the build.sh shell script.)
                     51: 
                     52:      UPDATING       Special notes for updating from an earlier revision of
                     53:                     NetBSD.  It is important to read this file before every
                     54:                     build of an updated source tree.
                     55: 
                     56:      build.sh       Bourne-compatible shell script used for building the host
                     57:                     build tools and the NetBSD system from scratch.  Can be
                     58:                     used for both native and cross builds, and should be used
                     59:                     instead of make(1) for any source tree that is updated and
                     60:                     recompiled regularly.
                     61: 
                     62:      crypto/dist/, dist/, gnu/dist/
                     63:                     Sources imported verbatim from third parties, without man-
                     64:                     gling the existing build structure.  Other source trees in
                     65:                     bin through usr.sbin use the NetBSD make(1) ``reachover''
                     66:                     Makefile semantics when building these programs for a na-
                     67:                     tive host.
                     68: 
                     69:      distrib/, etc/
                     70:                     Sources for items used when making a full release snap-
                     71:                     shot, such as files installed in /etc on the destination
                     72:                     system, boot media, and release notes.
                     73: 
                     74:      regress/       Regression test harness.  Can be cross-compiled, but only
                     75:                     run natively.
                     76: 
                     77:      sys/           NetBSD kernel sources.
                     78: 
                     79:      tools/         ``Reachover'' build structure for the host build tools.
                     80:                     This has a special method of determining out-of-date sta-
                     81:                     tus.
                     82: 
                     83:      bin/ ... usr.sbin/
                     84:                     Sources to the NetBSD userland (non-kernel) programs.  If
                     85:                     any of these directories are missing, they will be skipped
                     86:                     during the build.
                     87: 
                     88:    Build tree layout
                     89:      The NetBSD build tree is described in hier(7), and the release layout is
                     90:      described in release(7).
                     91: 
                     92: CONFIGURATION
1.3     ! tv         93:    "make" variables
1.1       tv         94:      Several variables control the behavior of NetBSD builds.  Unless other-
                     95:      wise specified, these variables may be set in either the process environ-
                     96:      ment or the make(1) configuration file specified by MAKECONF.
                     97: 
                     98:      DESTDIR     Directory to contain the built NetBSD system.  If set, spe-
                     99:                  cial options are passed to the compilation tools to prevent
                    100:                  their default use of the host system's /usr/include,
                    101:                  /usr/lib, and so forth.  This pathname should not end with a
                    102:                  slash (/) character (for installation into the system's root
                    103:                  directory, set DESTDIR to an empty string).
                    104: 
                    105:                  Default: Empty string if USETOOLS is ``yes''; unset other-
                    106:                  wise.
                    107: 
                    108:      MAKECONF    The name of the make(1) configuration file.  Only settable in
                    109:                  the process environment.
                    110: 
                    111:                  Default: ``/etc/mk.conf''
                    112: 
                    113:      MKCATPAGES  Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether prefor-
                    114:                  matted plaintext manual pages will be created during a build.
                    115: 
                    116:                  Default: ``yes''
                    117: 
                    118:      MKCRYPTO    Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether crypto-
                    119:                  graphic code will be included in a build; provided for the
                    120:                  benefit of countries that do not allow strong cryptography.
                    121:                  Will not affect use of the standard low-security password en-
                    122:                  cryption system, crypt(3).
                    123: 
                    124:                  Default: ``yes''
                    125: 
                    126:      MKDOC       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether system
                    127:                  documentation destined for /usr/share/doc will be installed
                    128:                  during a build.
                    129: 
                    130:                  Default: ``yes''
                    131: 
                    132:      MKINFO      Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether GNU Info
                    133:                  files, used for the documentation for most of the compilation
                    134:                  tools, will be created and installed during a build.
                    135: 
                    136:                  Default: ``yes''
                    137: 
                    138:      MKLINT      Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether lint(1)
                    139:                  will be run against portions of the NetBSD source code during
                    140:                  the build, and whether lint libraries will be installed into
                    141:                  /usr/libdata/lint.
                    142: 
                    143:                  Default: ``yes''
                    144: 
                    145:      MKMAN       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether manual
                    146:                  pages will be installed during a build.
                    147: 
                    148:                  Default: ``yes''
                    149: 
                    150:      MKNLS       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether Native
                    151:                  Language System locale zone files will be compiled and in-
                    152:                  stalled during a build.
                    153: 
                    154:                  Default: ``yes''
                    155: 
                    156:      MKOBJ       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether object
                    157:                  directories will be created when running ``make obj''.  If
                    158:                  set to ``no'', then all built files will be located inside
                    159:                  the regular source tree.
                    160: 
                    161:                  Default: ``yes''
                    162: 
                    163:      MKPIC       Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether shared
                    164:                  objects and libraries will be created and installed during a
                    165:                  build.  If set to ``no'', the entire built system will be
                    166:                  statically linked.
                    167: 
                    168:                  Default: Platform dependent.  As of this writing, all plat-
                    169:                  forms except sh3 default to ``yes''.
                    170: 
                    171:      MKPICINSTALL
                    172:                  Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether the ar(1)
                    173:                  format libraries (lib*_pic.a), used to generate shared li-
                    174:                  braries, are installed during a build.
                    175: 
                    176:                  Default: ``yes''
                    177: 
                    178:      MKPROFILE   Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether profiled
                    179:                  libraries (lib*_p.a) will be built and installed during a
                    180:                  build.
                    181: 
                    182:                  Default: ``yes''; however, some platforms turn off MKPROFILE
                    183:                  by default at times due to toolchain problems with profiled
                    184:                  code.
                    185: 
                    186:      MKSHARE     Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether files
                    187:                  destined to reside in /usr/share will be built and installed
                    188:                  during a build.  If set to ``no'', then all of MKCATPAGES,
                    189:                  MKDOC, MKINFO, MKMAN, and MKNLS will be set to ``no'' uncon-
                    190:                  ditionally.
                    191: 
                    192:                  Default: ``yes''
                    193: 
                    194:      TOOLDIR     Directory to hold the host tools, once built.  This directory
                    195:                  should be unique to a given host system and NetBSD source
                    196:                  tree.  (However, multiple targets may share the same TOOLDIR;
                    197:                  the target-dependent files have unique names.)  Must be set
                    198:                  if USETOOLS is ``yes''.
                    199: 
                    200:                  Default: Unset.
                    201: 
                    202:      UPDATE      If set, then all install operations intended to write to
                    203:                  DESTDIR will compare file timestamps before installing, and
                    204:                  skip the install phase if the destination files are up-to-
                    205:                  date.  This also has implications on full builds (see next
                    206:                  subsection).
                    207: 
                    208:                  Default: Unset.
                    209: 
                    210:      USETOOLS    Indicates whether the tools specified by TOOLDIR should be
                    211:                  used as part of a build in progress.  Must be set to ``yes''
                    212:                  if cross-compiling.
                    213: 
                    214:                  yes    Use the tools from TOOLDIR.
                    215: 
                    216:                  no     Do not use the tools from TOOLDIR, but refuse to build
                    217:                         native compilation tool components that are version-
                    218:                         specific for that tool.
                    219: 
                    220:                  never  Do not use the tools from TOOLDIR, even when building
                    221:                         native tool components.  This is similar to the tradi-
                    222:                         tional NetBSD build method, but does not verify that
                    223:                         the compilation tools in use are up-to-date enough in
                    224:                         order to build the tree successfully.  This may cause
                    225:                         build or runtime problems when building the whole
                    226:                         NetBSD source tree.
                    227: 
                    228:                  Default: ``yes'' if building all or part of a whole NetBSD
                    229:                  source tree (detected automatically); ``no'' otherwise (to
                    230:                  preserve traditional semantics of the <bsd.*.mk> make(1) in-
                    231:                  clude files).
                    232: 
                    233:                  Note: Currently, the ``no'' option functions similarly to the
                    234:                  ``never'' option.  Proper checks will be added in the near
                    235:                  future to add the described functionality for version-specif-
                    236:                  ic tool components.
                    237: 
1.3     ! tv        238:    "make" variables for full builds
1.1       tv        239:      These variables only affect the top level ``Makefile'' and do not manual-
                    240:      ly building subtrees of the NetBSD source code.
                    241: 
                    242:      MKOBJDIRS      Can be set to ``yes'' or ``no''.  Indicates whether object
                    243:                     directories will be created automatically (via a ``make
                    244:                     obj'' pass) at the start of a build.
                    245: 
                    246:                     Default: ``yes''
                    247: 
                    248:      MKTOOLS        Indicates whether the host tools will be built and in-
                    249:                     stalled automatically if they are out-of-date.
                    250: 
                    251:                     yes    Build tools as needed into TOOLDIR, but only if the
                    252:                            tools in question are out-of-date.
                    253: 
                    254:                     no     Do not update the tools in TOOLDIR; halt the build
                    255:                            as a safety precaution if tools are out-of-date.
                    256: 
                    257:                     always
                    258:                            Always rebuild the tools in TOOLDIR from scratch
                    259:                            during a build.  This is similar to the standard
                    260:                            NetBSD source tree build method, but is not typi-
                    261:                            cally required for host tools.
                    262: 
                    263:                     Default: ``no''
                    264: 
                    265:      NBUILDJOBS     If set, specifies the number of parallel make(1) processes
                    266:                     that should be run simultaneously.  This can speed up
                    267:                     builds on SMP machines, or machines with much more CPU
                    268:                     power than I/O availability.  This should be used instead
                    269:                     of the make(1) option -j, in order to ensure proper order-
                    270:                     ing of build components.
                    271: 
                    272:                     Default: Unset.
                    273: 
                    274:      NOCLEANDIR     If set, avoids the ``make cleandir'' phase of a full
                    275:                     build.  This has the effect of allowing only changed files
                    276:                     in a source tree to be recompiled.  This can speed up
                    277:                     builds when updating only a few files in the tree.
                    278: 
                    279:                     Default: Unset.
                    280: 
                    281:      NODISTRIBDIRS  If set, avoids the ``make distrib-dirs'' phase of a full
                    282:                     build.  This skips running mtree(1) on DESTDIR, useful on
                    283:                     systems where building as an unprivileged user, or where
                    284:                     it is known that the system-wide mtree files have not
                    285:                     changed.
                    286: 
                    287:                     Default: Unset.
                    288: 
                    289:      NOINCLUDES     If set, avoids the ``make includes'' phase of a full
                    290:                     build.  This has the effect of preventing make(1) from
                    291:                     thinking that some programs are out-of-date simply because
                    292:                     the system include files have changed.  However, this op-
                    293:                     tion should not be used when updating the entire NetBSD
                    294:                     source tree arbitrarily; it is suggested to use UPDATE in
                    295:                     that case.
                    296: 
                    297:                     Default: Unset.
                    298: 
                    299:      RELEASEDIR     If set, specifies the directory to which a release(7) lay-
                    300:                     out will be written at the end of a ``make release''.
                    301: 
                    302:                     Default: Unset.
                    303: 
                    304:      UPDATE         If set, then in addition to the effects described for UP-
                    305:                     DATE above, this implies the effects of NOCLEANDIR.
                    306: 
                    307: BUILDING
1.3     ! tv        308:    "make" command line options
1.1       tv        309:      This is only a summary of options available to make(1); only the options
                    310:      used most frequently with NetBSD builds are listed here.
                    311: 
                    312:      -m dir     Specify the default directory for searching for system Make-
                    313:                 file segments, mainly the <bsd.*.mk> files.  When building any
                    314:                 full NetBSD source tree, this should be set to the
                    315:                 ``share/mk'' directory in the source tree.  (This is set auto-
                    316:                 matically when building from the top level.)
                    317: 
                    318:      -n         Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not
                    319:                 actually execute them.  This will still cause recursion to
                    320:                 take place.
                    321: 
                    322:      -v var     Print make(1)'s idea of the value of var.  Does not build any
                    323:                 targets.
                    324: 
                    325:      var=value  Set the variable var to value, overriding any setting speci-
                    326:                 fied by the process environment, the MAKECONF configuration
                    327:                 file, or the system Makefile segments.
                    328: 
1.3     ! tv        329:    "make" targets
1.1       tv        330:      These default targets may be built by running make(1) in any subtree of
                    331:      the NetBSD source code.  It is recommended that none of these be used
                    332:      from the top level Makefile; as a specific exception, ``make obj'' and
                    333:      ``make cleandir'' are useful in that context.
                    334: 
                    335:      all        Build programs, libraries, and preformatted documentation.
                    336: 
                    337:      clean      Remove program and library object code files.
                    338: 
                    339:      cleandir   Same as clean, but also remove preformatted documentation, de-
                    340:                 pendency files generated by ``make depend'', and any other
                    341:                 files known to be created at build time.  ``make distclean''
                    342:                 may be used as a synonym, for familiarity with a similar well-
                    343:                 known convention.
                    344: 
                    345:      depend     Create dependency files (.depend) containing more detailed in-
                    346:                 formation about the dependencies of source code on header
                    347:                 files.  Allows programs to be recompiled automatically when a
                    348:                 dependency changes.
                    349: 
                    350:      dependall  Does a ``make depend'' immediately followed by a ``make all''.
                    351:                 This combined target recurses as an atomic unit, so that the
                    352:                 ``make depend'' phase can participate in make -j parallelism.
                    353: 
                    354:      includes   Build and install system header files.  Typically needed be-
                    355:                 fore any system libraries or programs can be built.
                    356: 
                    357:      install    Install programs, libraries, and documentation into DESTDIR.
                    358: 
                    359:      lint       Run lint(1) against the C source code, where appropriate, and
                    360:                 generate system-installed lint libraries.
                    361: 
                    362:      obj        Create object directories to be used for built files, instead
                    363:                 of building directly in the source tree.
                    364: 
                    365:      tags       Create ctags(1) searchable function lists usable by the ex(1)
                    366:                 and vi(1) text editors.
                    367: 
1.3     ! tv        368:    "make" targets for the top level
1.1       tv        369:      Additional make(1) targets are usable specifically from the top source
                    370:      level to facilitate building the entire NetBSD source tree.
                    371: 
                    372:      build      Build the entire NetBSD system.  This orders portions of the
                    373:                 source tree such that prerequisites will be built in the prop-
                    374:                 er order.
                    375: 
                    376:      release    Do a ``make build'', then package the system into a standard
                    377:                 release layout as described by release(7).  This requires that
                    378:                 RELEASEDIR be set (see above).
                    379: 
                    380:      regression-tests
                    381:                 Can only be run after building the regression tests in the di-
                    382:                 rectory ``regress''.  Runs the compiled regression tests on
                    383:                 the local host.
                    384: 
1.3     ! tv        385:    The "build.sh" script
1.1       tv        386:      This script file is a Bourne shell script designed to build the entire
                    387:      NetBSD system on any host with a Bourne shell in /bin/sh, including many
                    388:      that are not POSIX compliant.  Note that if a host system's /bin/sh is
                    389:      unusually old and broken, the Korn Shell (/bin/ksh), if available, may be
                    390:      a usable alternative.
                    391: 
                    392:      All cross-compile builds, and most native builds, of the entire system
                    393:      should make use of build.sh rather than just running ``make''.  This way,
                    394:      the make(1) program will be bootstrapped properly, in case the host sys-
                    395:      tem has an older or incompatible ``make'' program.
                    396: 
                    397:      When compiling the entire system via build.sh, many make(1) variables are
                    398:      set for you in order to help encapsulate the build process.  In particu-
                    399:      lar, both USETOOLS and MKTOOLS are set to ``yes'', and MACHINE_ARCH (if
                    400:      unset) is deduced from the value of MACHINE.
                    401: 
                    402:      The variables DESTDIR, MACHINE, MACHINE_ARCH, and TOOLDIR are required in
                    403:      order for build.sh to function, and thus they cannot be set in the con-
                    404:      figuration file specified by MAKECONF.  They may be set either in the
                    405:      process environment, or via command line options to build.sh.
                    406: 
                    407:      The following are available command line options that may be supplied to
                    408:      build.sh:
                    409: 
                    410:      -a arch   Set the value of MACHINE_ARCH to arch.
                    411: 
                    412:      -D dest   Set the value of DESTDIR to dest.
                    413: 
                    414:      -j njob   Set the value of NBUILDJOBS to njob.  This provides similar
                    415:                functionality to the familiar ``make -j'', but preserves the
                    416:                ordering of the top level ``make build''.
                    417: 
                    418:      -m mach   Set the value of MACHINE to mach.  This will also override any
                    419:                value of MACHINE_ARCH in the process environment with a value
                    420:                deduced from mach, unless -a is specified.
                    421: 
                    422:      -R rel    Set the value of RELEASEDIR to rel.  Setting this option will
                    423:                make build.sh run ``make release'' instead of ``make build''.
                    424: 
                    425:      -r        Remove the contents of DESTDIR and TOOLDIR before building
                    426:                (provides a clean starting point).
                    427: 
                    428:      -T tools  Set the value of TOOLDIR to tools.
                    429: 
1.3     ! tv        430:    The "nbmake-MACHINE" wrapper script
1.1       tv        431:      If using the build.sh script to build NetBSD, a nbmake-MACHINE script
                    432:      will be created in TOOLDIR/bin upon the first build to assist in building
                    433:      subtrees on a cross-compile host.
                    434: 
                    435:      nbmake-MACHINE can be invoked in lieu of make(1), and will instead call
                    436:      the up-to-date version of ``nbmake'' installed into TOOLDIR/bin with sev-
                    437:      eral key variables pre-set, including MACHINE, MACHINE_ARCH, and TOOLDIR.
                    438:      This script can be symlinked into a directory listed in PATH, or called
                    439:      with an absolute path.
                    440: 
                    441: SEE ALSO
                    442:      make(1), hier(7), release(7)
                    443: 
                    444: BUGS
                    445:      Many platforms are not yet using the USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN system.
                    446: 
                    447: HISTORY
                    448:      The USE_NEW_TOOLCHAIN based build scheme was introduced in the ``NetBSD-
                    449:      current'' development sources between NetBSD 1.5 and NetBSD 1.6.
                    450: 
                    451: NetBSD                         October 29, 2001                              7

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